Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yanling Fan Author-Workplace-Name: College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Weina Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Yichen Kang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Zhangping Zhao Author-Workplace-Name: College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Kai Yao Author-Workplace-Name: College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Shuhao Qin Title: Effects of ridge and furrow film mulching on soil environment and yield under potato continuous cropping system Abstract: The effect of ridge and furrow film mulching (RFFM) on soil microbial communities, physicochemical property, enzymatic activity, and tuber yield were studied under the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) continuous cropping fields managed for one (CY-1), two (CY-2) and four years (CY-4). Experimental treatments included a conventional flat plot without film mulching (FP) and five RFFM treatments: (i) a flat plot with film mulching (T1); (ii) on-ridge planting with full film mulching (T2); (iii) on-furrow planting with full film mulching (T3); (iv) on-ridge planting with half film mulching (T4); and (v) on-furrow planting with half film mulching (T5). Compared with FP, RFFM increased microbial communities, soil electrical conductivity, and enzymatic activities, and decreased pH values to improve the soil environment. Microbial communities of T2 and T5 were relatively higher, while soil urease and alkaline phosphatase activities of T2 and T4 were higher in all the continuous cropping years. In addition, the tuber yields of T2 were also increased by 75.0, 46.4 and 97.3% than FP, respectively. Thus, on-ridge planting with full film mulching (T2) is recommended as an adaptive management strategy for potato cultivation in the semi-arid areas where continuous cropping is necessary. Keywords: ridge tillage, plastic film, soil index, potato production, succession cropping Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 523-529 Volume: 65 Issue: 11 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/481/2019-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/481/2019-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201911-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:65:y:2019:i:11:id:481-2019-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martin Král Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Petr Dvořák Author-Name: Ivana Capouchová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: The straw as mulch and compost as a tool for mitigation of drought impacts in the potatoes cultivation Abstract: The frequent occurrence of years with extreme drought leads to the investigation of measures for mitigation of their impacts. The efficiency of organic mulch materials - straw and compost application as the preservation of potato production in drought conditions were verified in this study. Three mulching treatments were verified during the three experimental years (2016-2018) in an exact field trial with potatoes cv. Dicolora. Wheat straw mulch in the rate of 2.5 t/ha (SM1) and 4.5 t/ha (SM2), compost in the rate of 20 t/ha (CM), and control block without any treatments (C) were used. The yield of marketable tubers (tuber over 40 mm) showed a significant increase by 21.2% at the straw mulch treatment (SM2) in comparison with control. As for the straw mulch (SM1) and compost mulch (CM), tubers yields increased by 12.8% and 10.1%, respectively, compared to control. Keywords: drought stress, soil moisture, potato tubers, mulching material, Solanum tuberosum L Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 530-535 Volume: 65 Issue: 11 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/493/2019-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/493/2019-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201911-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:65:y:2019:i:11:id:493-2019-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Liudmila Tripolskaja Author-Workplace-Name: Voke Branch of Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Vilnius, Lithuania Author-Name: Rita Asakaviciute Title: Effects of fertilisers on pulse crop productivity and nitrogen assimilation on acid soil Abstract: This research aimed to compare the productivity of three species of pulse plants (Vicia faba L., Pisum sativum L., Lupinus angustifolium L.) in acidic sandy loam soil and to determine the influence of NPK (N0P0K0, N0P27K73, N30P27K73) fertilisers on grain yield and nitrogen assimilation. The experiments were conducted Voke Branch of Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry (Baltic Sea region, 54°33'49.8''N, 25°05'12.9''E) in 2016-2018. Fertilisation with PK increased the grain yield of Vicia faba L. and Pisum sativum L. (P < 0.05) and had no effect on the yield of Lupinus angustifolium L. (P > 0.05). Nitrogen fertilisers only increased the yield of Pisum sativum L. grain, reduced the yield of Lupinus angustifolium L. grain and did not affect Vicia faba L. The chlorophyll concentration in the leaves was significantly dependent on the species of plant. In acidic soil, Vicia faba L. and Lupinus angustifolium L. assimilated similar amounts of total nitrogen in the grain - 146.8-230.0 and 160.1-220.5 kgN/ha, respectively. Pisum sativum L. nitrogen assimilation was lower - 93.0-128.8 kg N/ha. The assimilation of total nitrogen in Pisum sativum L. was stimulated by the application of P27K73 and N30, and in Vicia faba L. - only by fertilisation with PK. Keywords: peas, faba bean, lupine, mineral fertiliser, photosynthetic pigment, Fabaceae Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 536-540 Volume: 65 Issue: 11 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/462/2019-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/462/2019-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201911-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:65:y:2019:i:11:id:462-2019-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alexandra Schappert Author-Name: Alexander I. Linn Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Weed Science, Institute of Phytomedicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany Author-Name: Dominic J. Sturm Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Weed Science, Institute of Phytomedicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany Author-Name: Roland Gerhards Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Weed Science, Institute of Phytomedicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany Title: Weed suppressive ability of cover crops under water-limited conditions Abstract: The water demand for cover crops (CC) should be considered to achieve competitive crop stands for weed control also under unfavorable conditions. This study aims to estimate the weed suppressive ability of winter CC, as Sinapis alba L., Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth., Vicia sativa L. and Avena strigosa Schreb., under a water-limited regime. The water deficit tolerance of different CC was determined in a greenhouse experiment by measuring the maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II. Moreover, soil moisture, CC, and weed establishment were measured in field experiments in Southwest-Germany during two contrasting growing seasons in 2016 and 2017. A. strigosa showed a higher water deficit tolerance than S. alba in the greenhouse. In the field, A. strigosa showed the highest weed cover reduction (98%) in the field, along with an increasing effect on the soil moisture compared to the untreated control. S. alba performed most sensitive to water deficit in the greenhouse but reached the significantly highest weed control efficacy (94%) during the dry field season in 2016. Even though the selected CC showed differing sensitivities to water deficit in the greenhouse, their weed suppression ability was independent of the water supply under field conditions. Keywords: abiotic stress, catch crop, chlorophyll fluorescence, weed management, water balance Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 541-548 Volume: 65 Issue: 11 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/516/2019-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/516/2019-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201911-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:65:y:2019:i:11:id:516-2019-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ping Liao Author-Workplace-Name: Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, P.R. China Author-Name: Yanni Sun Author-Workplace-Name: Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, P.R. China Author-Name: Yu Jiang Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Author-Name: Yongjun Zeng Author-Workplace-Name: Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, P.R. China Author-Name: Ziming Wu Author-Workplace-Name: Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, P.R. China Author-Name: Shan Huang Author-Workplace-Name: Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, P.R. China Title: Hybrid rice produces a higher yield and emits less methane Abstract: Hybrid rice has a higher yield potential than inbred rice, but the difference in CH4 emissions between the two groups is still unclear, particularly regarding straw incorporation. In the present study, a pot experiment was conducted to examine the difference in CH4 emissions between inbred (Huanghuazhan) (IR) and hybrid (Rongyouhuazhan) (HR) rice cultivars, both with or without straw incorporation in subtropical China. The results showed that HR produced both greater grain yield and biomass than IR. In contrast, when compared with IR, HR reduced the cumulative CH4 emissions by an average of 18.6%. No significant interactions between rice cultivars and straw management on yield or CH4 emissions were found. HR significantly increased the abundance of methanogens and methanotrophs by 38.9% and 93.4% relative to IR, respectively, thereby reducing CH4 concentrations in the soil pore water. Therefore, we suggest that cultivar rice can produce a higher yield and better mitigate CH4 emissions when compared to inbred rice, regardless of the use of straw incorporation. Keywords: CH4 oxidation, greenhouse gas, global warming, Oryza sativa L., methanogenesis Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 549-555 Volume: 65 Issue: 11 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/330/2019-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/330/2019-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201911-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:65:y:2019:i:11:id:330-2019-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pengchong Zhou Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Key Laboratory of Crop Water Physiology and Drought Tolerance Germplasm Improvement of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, P.R. China Author-Name: Shaobo Wang Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Key Laboratory of Crop Water Physiology and Drought Tolerance Germplasm Improvement of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, P.R. China Author-Name: Liangliang Guo Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Key Laboratory of Crop Water Physiology and Drought Tolerance Germplasm Improvement of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, P.R. China Author-Name: Ying Shen Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Key Laboratory of Crop Water Physiology and Drought Tolerance Germplasm Improvement of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, P.R. China Author-Name: Huifang Han Author-Name: Tangyuan Ning Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Key Laboratory of Crop Water Physiology and Drought Tolerance Germplasm Improvement of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, P.R. China Title: Effects of subsoiling stage on summer maize water use efficiency and yield in North China Plains Abstract: Aiming at the problems of shallow effective soil layering and low utilization rate of precipitation in the North China Plain. The effects of different subsoiling stages on soil physical properties and water use in winter wheat/summer maize fields were studied. Three kinds of tillage treatments were studied: rotary tillage to a depth of 15 cm in October and no-tillage in June (RT), rotary tillage to a depth of 15 cm in October and subsoiling to 35 cm in June (ST-J), subsoiling to a depth of 35 cm in October and no-tillage in June (ST-O). Changes in soil bulk density and soil compaction were consistent over two seasons. Compared to RT, in the 10-50 cm soil layer, ST-J and ST-O decreased the average soil bulk density by 6.18% and 5.66%, respectively, and the soil compaction in the 10-60 cm layer was reduced by 17.89% and 20.50%. ST was improved soil structure and increased the water content of deep soil. The water use efficiency (WUE) of ST-J and ST-O increased by 4.73% and 14.83%, respectively, and the maize yields by 2.90% and 11.35%, respectively. Considering the WUE and maize yields, it was considered that ST-O is more suitable for tillage in the North China Plain. Keywords: Zea mays L., water storage, soil moisture, weather conditions, soil physics, grain Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 556-562 Volume: 65 Issue: 11 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/353/2019-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/353/2019-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201911-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:65:y:2019:i:11:id:353-2019-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yousef Joshan Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Author-Name: Behzad Sani Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Author-Name: Hamid Jabbari Author-Workplace-Name: Seedand Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran Author-Name: Hamid Mozafari Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Author-Name: Payam Moaveni Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Title: Effect of drought stress on oil content and fatty acids composition of some safflower genotypes Abstract: To assess the response of promising safflower genotypes to late-season drought stress in delayed planting conditions, an experiment was conducted in two years (2016-2017 and 2017-2018) in Iran. The irrigation regime was specified in two levels, including normal irrigation and irrigation cut off in the seed filling stage in main plots, and five safflower genotypes, including Soffe, Goldasht, Golmehr, Padideh, and Parnian were categorized in subplots. Applied drought stress significantly reduced the seed yield and yield components of all genotypes, which accompanied with a substantial decrease in oil content and oil yield of all genotypes. However, the highest seed and oil yield in drought stress conditions obtained in the Parnian genotype by value 2338 and 561 kg/ha, respectively. Moreover, a significant drought-induced increase in palmitic, stearic, and oleic acids, as well as a decrease in linoleic acid content, was observed in all genotypes. Parnian genotype with high unsaturated fatty acids content (90.9%) and the minimum amount of saturated fatty acids (8.7%) might be a promising genotype to starting a formal crop improvement program to achieve more drought-tolerant safflower genotype. Keywords: Carthamus tinctorius L., harvest index, oilseed crop, semi-arid ecosystem, water stress Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 563-567 Volume: 65 Issue: 11 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/591/2019-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/591/2019-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-201911-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:65:y:2019:i:11:id:591-2019-PSE