Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Luboš Paznocht Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Zora Kotíková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Barbora Burešová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jaromír Lachman Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Petr Martinek Author-Workplace-Name: Agrotest fyto, Ltd., Kroměříž, Czech Republic Title: Phenolic acids in kernels of different coloured-grain wheat genotypes Abstract: The content of free, conjugated and bound phenolic acids in 12 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes of 4 different grain colours (standard red, yellow endosperm, purple pericarp and blue aleurone) from 2-year field trial was analysed in the present study. Significant increase (8%) in the total phenolic acid content was observed in the dryer year 2017. Five phenolic acids (ferulic, sinapic, p-coumaric, vanillic and 4-hydroxybenzoic) and cis-isomers of ferulic and sinapic acid were determined by HPLC-DAD (high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode-array detector) in grain samples. The total phenolic acid content of coloured wheat groups varied: blue aleurone > purple pericarp > yellow endosperm > red colour (798 > 702 > 693 > 599 µg/g). The fraction of bound phenolic acids was the major contributor to the total phenolic acid content (91.7%) with ferulic acid predominating (85.2%). Conjugated phenolic acids accounted for 7.9% of the total with sinapic and ferulic acid predominating (47.6% and 19.9%). The composition of individual phenolic acids was similar within these two fractions. The remaining 0.4% was represented by the fraction of free phenolic acids in which the phenolic acid profile varied among the individual coloured groups. Ferulic acid prevailed in red and yellow wheats, vanillic in blue and p-coumaric in purple wheats. Keywords: cereal, phenolics, antioxidant, anthocyanins, dietary source Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 57-64 Volume: 66 Issue: 2 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/380/2019-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/380/2019-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202002-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:66:y:2020:i:2:id:380-2019-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Changrui Zhou Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: Qiang Ma Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Name: Wantai Yu Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Name: Zhuqing Xia Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: Chuanchuan Ning Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Name: Haiyan Yuan Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Name: Shuailin Li Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China Title: Accumulation of heavy metals in soil and maize after 17-year pig manure application in Northeast China Abstract: Application of composted pig manure (PM) is a traditional practice to improve soil fertility, whereas generally leads to some environmental questions. The effects of PM application on Cd, Cu and Zn accumulation in soil and maize were investigated based on a long-term field trial in Northeast China, including control (CK), PML, PMM, and PMH, receiving 0, 100, 250 and 500 kg total N/ha/year from 2002 to 2008 and 0, 10, 25 and 50 t fresh weight/ha/year from 2009 to 2018, respectively. Results showed that long-term soil application of PM increased maize grain yield, soil organic carbon (SOC) contents, coupled with significant accumulation and availability of Cd, Cu, and Zn in soil (0-15 cm). Compared with CK, the soil total Cd, Cu and Zn concentrations significantly increased by 105, 287 and 108% at high PM rate, respectively. Notably, the increments enhanced these heavy metals storage in maize roots rather than in grains. Moreover, the application of PM confirmed vertical transport of heavy metals in the tested soil, particularly for Cd and Cu in PMH treatment. Overall, the repeated application of PM can cause the accumulation and leaching of Cd, Cu and Zn in soil. Keywords: Zea mays L., toxicity, organic fertilisation, crop yield, toxic elements, correlation Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 65-72 Volume: 66 Issue: 2 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/648/2019-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/648/2019-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202002-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:66:y:2020:i:2:id:648-2019-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sebastian Vogel Author-Workplace-Name: Department Engineering for Plant Production, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Potsdam, Germany Author-Name: Marco Conedera Author-Workplace-Name: Insubric Ecosystems Research Group, Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Title: Effects of land use-induced vegetation and topography changes on soil chemistry in the Southern Alps (Ticino, Switzerland) Abstract: Effects of land use changes on chemical soil properties were studied in a southern alpine valley of Ticino, Switzerland by analysing three different land cover-topography units: (i) natural forested slopes (NFS); (ii) deforested, cultivated terraces (DCT), and (iii) reforested, abandoned terraces (RAT). Whereas NFS represents the natural reference state with negligible anthropogenic influence, DCT corresponds to intense agricultural utilization, and RAT refers to a post-cultural natural evolution after terrace cultivation. Land use-induced changes in vegetation cover and topography (i.e., terracing) had a clear influence on chemical soil properties. The presence or absence of the European chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.), one of the main soil acidifying agents in the study area, clearly affected soil acidity, soil organic matter (SOM), and nutrient status. Compared to the vegetation change, terracing has a less obvious effect on soil chemistry. A greater effective rooting depth and a flat microtopography on terraces lead to a rapidly increased SOM accumulation due to better growing conditions for trees. Thus, the reforested, abandoned terraces develop peculiar soil chemistry conditions after 36 to 46 years of abandonment only. Keywords: acidification, biodegradability, reforestation, agricultural terraces Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 73-80 Volume: 66 Issue: 2 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/633/2019-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/633/2019-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202002-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:66:y:2020:i:2:id:633-2019-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Devendran Manogaran Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Perak, Malaysia Author-Name: Nurlidia Mansor Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Perak, Malaysia Author-Workplace-Name: Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Perak, Malaysia Author-Name: Nur Mahfuzah Noor Affendi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Perak, Malaysia Author-Name: Lavania Baloo Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Author-Name: Nurliana Farhana Salehuddin Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Perak, Malaysia Title: Optimisation of diallyl disulfide concentration and effect of soil condition on urease inhibition Abstract: Diallyl disulfide (DADS) is an organosulfur compound that is expected to exhibit inhibitory property against urease similar to allicin, affirmed through preliminary study. The research aims to optimize DADS's concentration and duration of inhibition and observe the effect of soil moisture, temperature and pH on the inhibitory action of DADS. The calorimetric method was applied to optimize DADS's concentration significant for inhibition. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to quantify DADS present under different parameters relevant to selected soil conditions. The results obtained suggested that 5% of DADS/urea-N (w/w) treatment exhibited the highest urea hydrolysis reduction by 27.91% compared to the control sample at the end of 30 days. ANOVA results observed urea hydrolysis is significantly slower by applying 5% DADS/urea-N (w/w) treatment compared to the other DADS treatments. DADS also retained its original form longer in soil when the soil conditions were altered to 15% moisture content, 20 °C and pH 4. The findings exhibit the potential of DADS as a natural based inhibitor that is effective at low concentrations, compatible with urea and chemically stable. Keywords: garlic compound, thiosulfinate, anti-urease agent, nitrogen use efficiency Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 81-85 Volume: 66 Issue: 2 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/617/2019-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/617/2019-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202002-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:66:y:2020:i:2:id:617-2019-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Karolina Frąckowiak Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Environmental Biogeochemistry, University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Workplace-Name: Yara Poland Sp. z o.o., Szczecin, Poland Author-Name: Jarosław Potarzycki Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Environmental Biogeochemistry, University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: Witold Grzebisz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Environmental Biogeochemistry, University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: Witold Szczepaniak Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Environmental Biogeochemistry, University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland Title: Potato nutritional status at the onset of tuberisation - a yield prediction tool Abstract: A reliable tuber yield prognosis requires a complex statistical analysis of potato nutritional status in the fully developed 4th leaf at the onset of tuberisation. This hypothesis was validated in the series of field experiments conducted in 2006-2008 in Poland. The experimental design was composed of two nitrogen (N) rates (60, 120 kg/ha), two N fertilisers (Urea and Agrotain), two rates of sulfur (0, 50 kg/ha). The marketable tuber yield of cv. Zeus ranged from 31.3 to 59.3 t/ha in 2008 and 2006, respectively. Despite annual variability, the potato presented a good nutritional status. In 2008, the contents of N, Mg, Cu and Zn were about 33% lower as compared to 2006. The stepwise and path analyses indicated N, Mg and Cu as the key yield-limiting nutrients. The diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS) showed that a slight imbalance of N and Mg did not disturb tuber yield, provided a positive balance of K was maintained. The Mg index, as a result of the DRIS procedure, emerged as the best single predictor of potato yield. Keywords: Solanum tuberosum L., leaves, macronutrient, micronutrient, nutrient status diagnosis Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 86-92 Volume: 66 Issue: 2 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/533/2019-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/533/2019-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202002-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:66:y:2020:i:2:id:533-2019-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Beata Kuziemska Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobioengineering and Animal Husbandry, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland Author-Name: Andrzej Wysokiński Author-Name: Joanna Trębicka Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobioengineering and Animal Husbandry, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland Title: The effect of different copper doses and organic fertilisation on soil's enzymatic activity Abstract: A three-year pot experiment carried out in the vegetation hall in 2014-2016 included studying the enzymatic activity of soil, into which various amounts of copper: (100, 200 and 300 mg Cu/kg soil) and organic materials (cattle manure, chicken manure, post-mushroom substrate) were introduced, used separately, at a soil-introduction dose of 2 g Corg/kg. Copper and organic materials were used once, only in the first year of the study, before sowing test plant orchard grass. In soil collected after the last (fourth) swath of grass in each year of the study, the activity of urease, dehydrogenases, acid, and alkaline phosphatase was determined. Applications of copper to the soil, regardless of its dose, resulted in a decrease in urease, dehydrogenases and alkaline phosphatase and an increase in acid phosphatase activity. The inactivating effect of this metal on the activity of urease, dehydrogenases and alkaline phosphatase increased with the increase of its dose. Organic fertilisation generally increased the enzymatic activity of the analysed soil. In subsequent years of the study, urease and alkaline phosphatase activity decreased, while acid phosphatase activity increased. Dehydrogenase activity did not change significantly in subsequent years of the study. Keywords: enzymes, micronutrient, microorganism, toxic element, heavy metal Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 93-98 Volume: 66 Issue: 2 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/671/2019-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/671/2019-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202002-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:66:y:2020:i:2:id:671-2019-PSE