Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jana Chumchalová Author-Name: Martin Kubal Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Environmental Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Laboratory tests for aerobic bioremediation of the contaminated sites in the Czech Republic Abstract: Laboratory-scale testing methods applicable to evaluation of contaminated subsurface microbial communities are discussed in relation to their potential in supporting effective site bioremediation. Both culture-dependent and culture-independent techniques are considered here with special emphasis on their capacity to contribute to bioremediation system design, in optimal cases by providing information on contaminant degradation rates. In this regard, microbial soil respiration tests seem to be the most useful tool since microbial soil respiration is a sensitive and easily measurable parameter for determination of metabolic activity within the sample and is closely related to other microbial parameters such as microbial biomass. Keywords: culture-dependent and culture-independent techniques, contamination, microorganism, dehydrogenase, molecular method Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 191-199 Volume: 66 Issue: 5 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/673/2019-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/673/2019-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202005-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:66:y:2020:i:5:id:673-2019-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Magdalena Szwed Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Biological Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland Author-Name: Joanna Mitrus Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Biological Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland Author-Name: Wiesław Wiczkowski Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry and Biodynamics of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: Henryk Dębski Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Biological Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland Author-Name: Marcin Horbowicz Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Biological Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland Title: The allelopathic properties of decomposing buckwheat residues are not directly related to phenolic compounds in soil Abstract: Previous studies have shown that residues of common buckwheat roots (BRR) (but not entire common buckwheat plants, BPR) in the soil inhibited the growth of barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli L.). The objective of the study was to determine how both the residues affect the content of free phenolics, their esters and glycosides in the soil. The aqueous extracts were used to analyse of unbound phenolic compounds, while those bound to the soil were extracted with sodium citrate. Moreover, an in vitro test was used to assess the allelopathic effect of phenolic compounds present in the soil against barnyardgrass. Among the analysed phenolic compounds after 7 days of BPR and BRR decomposition, only ortho-, meta- and para-coumaric acids and apigenin were found in measurable amounts in the soil. The concentrations of free phenolic compounds were very low. Much higher contents occurred for the esters of these compounds, while no glycosides were found. The contents of phenolic compounds bound to soil were many times higher than unbound ones. The 37-day decomposition period resulted in an increase in bound phenolics, while the content of unbound changed slightly. Overall, the levels of phenolic compounds in the soil with the BRR-amended soil and no-buckwheat residue control were low, and significantly higher in the soil with BPR. An in vitro test showed that m-, p-coumaric acids and apigenin added to growth medium at a concentration higher than in the soil did not affect barnyardgrass shoot growth. Since the levels of phenolic compounds in the soil containing BRR and control soil were low and similar, phenolic compounds cannot be directly responsible for the allelopathic properties caused by the presence of BRR. Keywords: Fagopyrum esculentum Moench, allelopathy, Echinochloa crus-galli L., phenylpropanoid, competition, growth inhibitor Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 200-206 Volume: 66 Issue: 5 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/124/2020-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/124/2020-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202005-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:66:y:2020:i:5:id:124-2020-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eleonora Grilli Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Science and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy Author-Name: Esterina Di Resta Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Science and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy Author-Name: Monica Scognamiglio Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Science and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy Author-Name: Severina Pacifico Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Science and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy Author-Name: Antonio Fiorentino Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Science and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy Author-Name: Thiago Assis Rodrigues Nogueira Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Rural Engineering and Soils, School of Engineering, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil Author-Name: Renata Concetta Vigliotti Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Science and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy Author-Name: Antonio Ganga Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Architecture, Design and Urban Planning, University of Sassari, Title: Soil phenolic compound variability in two Mediterranean olive groves Abstract: Phenolic compounds (PCs) - with special reference to secondary plant metabolites - were characterised in two Mediterranean olive groves (Olea europaea L.). Representative pedological profiles were dug to identify and characterise the pedotype. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were carried out on soil core samples gathered at fixed depths (0-20 cm and 20-40 cm) and olive leaf methanol extracts by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. The total PCs content reflected the soil organic carbon distribution, especially carbon of humic and fulvic acids, corroborating their crucial role in humification pathways. Among the analysed plant secondary metabolites, luteolin-4'-O-glucoside and verbascoside were the most abundant in leaves and soils, respectively. Most of the easily hydrolysed/metabolised phenols were not found in soils. Rutin and verbascoside, despite containing glucose, strongly persisted in the soil environment, probably due to their allelopathic effect. Oleuropein was not found in soils because it is highly soluble and mobile in the soil environment. Furthermore, the presence of clay in soil seemed to determine the accumulation of specific PCs. Our data suggest that PCs persistence in soil seems to be mainly determined by a balance between physicochemical and biochemical instability and allelopathic stability rather than their abundance in the plant. Keywords: total phenols, water-soluble phenols, soil-olive system, flavonoid, degradation Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 207-215 Volume: 66 Issue: 5 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/165/2020-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/165/2020-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202005-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:66:y:2020:i:5:id:165-2020-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hadia-E-Fatima Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan Author-Name: Ambreen Ahmed Title: Indole-3-acetic acid synthesizing chromium-resistant bacteria can mitigate chromium toxicity in Helianthus annuus L. Abstract: Use of microorganisms as heavy metal remediators is an effective approach for chromium reduction in plants. Chromium carcinogenicity (Cr6+) beyond the permissible levels elicits environmental and health problems. To reduce chromium toxicity along with the plant growth improvement, a cost-effective and eco-friendly remediation approach is necessary. In the current study, chromium-resistant bacterial species were evaluated for growth improvement of sunflower. Three auxin-producing bacteria able to tolerate hexavalent chromium, i.e., Sporosarcina saromensis (EI) and two species of Bacillus cereus (AR and 3a) were selected for the proposed study. Growth studies along with auxin synthesis potential of bacterial isolates with and without chromium were conducted. Results revealed a 188% enhancement in plant height under laboratory-grown plants with B. cereus (AR) under 500 mg/L chromium stress (Cr6+). B. cereus (3a) also showed an 81% increase in leaf number with 400 mg/L chromium stress in laboratory-grown plants. Similarly, 73% increment in the amount of auxin was reported in the case of inoculation with S. saromensis isolate (EI) over respective control treatment. These improvements provide an excellent means of reducing chromium (Cr6+) in the contaminated soils naturally by stimulating plant growth along with bioremediation potential. Keywords: soil pollution, plant hormone, chromium-resistant microbe, hyperaccumulator, bioinoculation, heavy metal contamination Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 216-221 Volume: 66 Issue: 5 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/581/2019-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/581/2019-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202005-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:66:y:2020:i:5:id:581-2019-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Giuseppe Badagliacca Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agraria, Mediterranean University of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy Author-Name: Robert Martin Rees Author-Workplace-Name: Scotland's Rural College, Edinburgh, UK Author-Name: Dario Giambalvo Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy Author-Name: Sergio Saia Author-Workplace-Name: Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), Vercelli, Italy & Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing (CREA-IT), Monterotondo (Roma), Italy Title: Vertisols and Cambisols had contrasting short term greenhouse gas responses to crop residue management Abstract: In sustainable agriculture crop residues management should consider the interactions between soil and residue properties, which can affect the decomposition and global greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission. Through a laboratory experiment, we investigated the effect of the management (incorporation and surface placement) of wheat and faba bean residues on their decomposition and CO2, CH4 and N2O emissions from two soils, a Chromic Vertisol and an Eutric Cambisol. In the Vertisol, wheat residues increased the CO2 emission more than faba bean when left on the surface whereas no differences among residues were observed when incorporated. In the Cambisol, faba bean emitted more than wheat when left in the surface and less when incorporated. Total CH4 emissions were higher in faba bean in Cambisol for both management and only when applied in the surface in Vertisol. Total N2O emission in the Vertisol was higher when faba bean was incorporated, and wheat was left on the surface. In the Cambisol, wheat addition increased total N2O emissions by 20% compared to faba bean, with no differences between managements. Our study confirmed that contrasting properties among tested soils resulted in significant interactions with residues own degradability and their placement affecting residue decomposition, soil C and N dynamics, and GHGs emission. Keywords: sustainable management, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane, soil texture Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 222-233 Volume: 66 Issue: 5 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/599/2019-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/599/2019-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202005-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:66:y:2020:i:5:id:599-2019-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mahnoor Asif Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan Author-Name: Arshid Pervez Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan Author-Name: Usman Irshad Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan Author-Name: Qaisar Mehmood Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan Author-Name: Rafiq Ahmad Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Title: Melatonin and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria alleviate the cadmium and arsenic stresses and increase the growth of Spinacia oleracea L. Abstract: Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a recently discovered natural product that helps the plant to cope with environmental stresses. In the same way, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria colonise plant roots and enhance plant stress tolerance. To study the impact of exogenous melatonin and Bacillus licheniformis on the growth of Spinacia oleracea L. seedlings were treated with 100 µmol exogenous melatonin and B. licheniformis under cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) stresses by a pot experiment. Different plant growth parameters, antioxidant enzymes, and lipid peroxidation were studied. The results showed that melatonin application and B. licheniformis inoculation alleviated As and Cd toxicity by significantly reducing the negative impacts of stresses and increasing the fresh and dry weight as well as preventing the damage to the chlorophyll content of S. oleracea L. Moreover, supplementation of melatonin, and B. licheniformis, enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, thus acting as a line of defense against As and Cd stresses. Similarly, lipid peroxidation was also inhibited by exogenous melatonin and B. licheniformis inoculation. Exogenous application of melatonin and inoculating roots of S. oleracea L. with B. licheniformis found to ameliorate the harmful effects of As and Cd contamination. Keywords: spinach, toxic elements, phytomelatonin, stressful environment, plant hormone, contaminated soil Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 234-241 Volume: 66 Issue: 5 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/135/2020-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/135/2020-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202005-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:66:y:2020:i:5:id:135-2020-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wacław Jarecki Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Production, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland Title: Reaction of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] to seed inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum bacteria Abstract: The aim of the study was to assess soybean response to sowing material inoculation with HiStick® Soy preparation, containing Bradyrhizobium japonicum. Based on the obtained results, it was found that the inoculation significantly increased the number and dry weight of nodules on soybean roots compared to control. The bacterial preparation significantly increased the number of pods per plant. As a result, a significant increase in seed yield (0.58 t/ha) was obtained compared to control. HiStick® Soy increased total protein content in seeds. Protein and fat yield was higher after seed inoculation by 318 kg/ha and 101 kg/ha, respectively, compared to control. Keywords: nodulation, cultivar, yield components, symbiotic bacteria, chemical composition Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 242-247 Volume: 66 Issue: 5 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/201/2020-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/201/2020-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202005-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:66:y:2020:i:5:id:201-2020-PSE