Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lukáš Hlisnikovský Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Milan Vach Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Zdeněk Abrham Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Ladislav Menšík Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Eva Kunzová Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic Title: The effect of mineral fertilisers and farmyard manure on grain and straw yield, quality and economical parameters of winter wheat Abstract: In the years 2011-2014, winter wheat grain yield, qualitative and economic parameters were evaluated according to different fertiliser treatments: (1) control: unfertilised treatment; (2) farmyard manure (FYM) and (3) FYM + NPK (farmyard manure applied together with mineral NPK). The highest yields (8.10 t/ha) were recorded in the FYM + NPK treatment, while significantly lower yields (6.20 t/ha and 5.73 t/ha) were recorded in FYM and control treatments, respectively. Similarly, statistically significantly higher values of the quality parameters were found in the FYM + NPK treatment (13.55% of crude protein content and 43.56 mL of Zeleny's sedimentation test), compared to control (10% and 22.44 mL, respectively). The modelling expert system (AGROTEKIS-Crop Technology and Economy) was used for the evaluation of economy. This software is based on technological methods of cultivation and norms of material input costs and costs of individual mechanised works. The economic benefits and profitability were evaluated for three different levels of grain market price. The highest gross profit per ha was recorded in the FYM + NPK treatment. According to the gross profit, the control treatment provided better results than the FYM treatment. Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., organic manure, financial costs, mineral nutrients, principal component analysis Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 249-256 Volume: 66 Issue: 6 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/60/2020-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/60/2020-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202006-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:66:y:2020:i:6:id:60-2020-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jakub Pastuszak Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture, Kraków, Poland Author-Name: Przemysław Kopeć Author-Workplace-Name: The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland Author-Name: Agnieszka Płażek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture, Kraków, Poland Author-Name: Krzysztof Gondek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agriculture and Environmental Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Kraków, Author-Name: Anna Szczerba Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture, Kraków, Poland Author-Name: Marta Hornyák Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture, Kraków, Poland Author-Name: Franciszek Dubert Author-Workplace-Name: The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland Title: Cadmium accumulation in the grain of durum wheat is associated with salinity resistance degree Abstract: A serious problem in durum wheat cultivation is its genetic capacity to accumulate cadmium (Cd) in the grain. The aim of the study was to verify if the degree of durum wheat resistance to NaCl salinity is related to its tolerance to Cd contamination, and to search for physiological markers of Cd accumulation in the grain. The experiment involved a salt sensitive cv. Tamaroi and a salt resistant line BC5Nax2, as well as a moderately salt tolerant line SMH87. The plants grew in the soil supplemented with 3 mg or 5 mg Cd/kg dry weight. The plant response to Cd was evaluated based on chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) and Cd content in the grains. Toxic effects of both Cd levels on photosynthetic performance index were the strongest in salt sensitive cv. Tamaroi, which showed the highest Cd content in the seeds. We therefore assumed that tolerance to salinity and Cd has a common physiological background, and that ChlF parameters may be used as the markers of Cd tolerance. Keywords: Triticum durum Desf., heavy metal, salinity resistance, grain yield Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 257-263 Volume: 66 Issue: 6 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/61/2020-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/61/2020-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202006-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:66:y:2020:i:6:id:61-2020-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Abdelmalik M. Abdelmalik Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Production, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Author-Name: Thobayet S. Alsharani Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Production, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Author-Name: Abdulaziz A. Al-Qarawi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Production, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Author-Name: Abdalla I. Ahmed Author-Name: Ibrahim M. Aref Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Production, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Title: Response of growth and drought tolerance of Acacia seyal Del. seedlings to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Abstract: Considering the improvement of acacia species growth in arid and semi-arid environment, a pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF); Funneliformis mosseae (syn. Glomus mosseae), Rhizophagus intraradices (syn. Glomus intraradices) and Claroideoglomus etunicatum (syn. Glomus etunicatum) on growth and drought tolerance of Acacia seyal Del. seedlings under drought cycles (7, 14, 21 and 28 days). AMF-inoculated seedlings showed a clear colonisation percentage (36-68%). AMF treatment significantly improved seedlings shoot and root growth under all drought cycles compared to non-AMF control seedlings. Moreover, AMF treatment enhanced seedlings drought resistance by increasing root surface area (root length increased by 483.76% and root tips number increased by 1 463.94% under 28 days of drought cycle), there was a strong linear relation between proline accumulation, AMF and drought stress (proline content decreased in treated seedlings by 31.3% and 14.3% and increased by 97.5% and 80.4% in untreated seedlings under drought cycles of 21 and 28 days, respectively). In conclusion, the AMF inoculation improved growth and enhanced drought tolerance of A. seyal seedlings and can be used as a natural biostimulator for acacias seedlings establishment in arid areas. Keywords: abiotic stress, water limitation, forest ecosystem, reforestation, stress symbiosis, biomass Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 264-271 Volume: 66 Issue: 6 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/206/2020-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/206/2020-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202006-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:66:y:2020:i:6:id:206-2020-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Klaudia Sychta Author-Name: Aneta Słomka Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland Author-Name: Elżbieta Kuta Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland Title: Garden pansy (Viola × wittrockiana Gams.) - a good candidate for the revitalisation of polluted areas Abstract: In the current studies, heavy metal tolerance level, accumulation efficiency and sexual reproduction were determined in Viola × wittrockiana, a non-metallophytic ornamental cultivar in comparison to V. tricolor, a metallophyte, after zinc (Zn) or lead (Pb) treatment (0, 10, 100 and 1 000 ppm) in pot experiments. The seed germination frequency that was not reduced in comparison to the control, the effective Zn absorption from the soil and exclusion strategy for Pb, as well as the regular sexual reproduction of V. × wittrockiana treated with heavy metals all indicate the tolerance of this plant to heavy metals. The lack of a seed set under experimental conditions of V. × wittrockiana was due to the absence of pollinators, rather than the negative impact of heavy metals, as pollen viability and ovule development were normal under the treatments. The results indicate that V. × wittrockiana represents similar tolerance to Viola metallophytes and could be considered as a good material for the reclamation of polluted areas. The exceptional tolerance to heavy metals, the ability to initiate new generations in heavy-metal-burdened soil, which are additionally coupled with the unique beauty, make the garden pansy a good candidate to be potentially used in the future for phytoremediation purposes. Keywords: contamination, metalliferous site, hyperaccumulator, phytotoxic metal, urban area Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 272-280 Volume: 66 Issue: 6 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/50/2020-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/50/2020-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202006-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:66:y:2020:i:6:id:50-2020-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rodica Soare Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural and Forestry Technologies, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Craiova, Craiova, Romania Author-Name: Maria Dinu Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Horticulture and Food Science, Faculty of Horticulture, University of Craiova, Craiova, Romania Author-Name: Cristina Babeanu Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Craiova, Craiova, Romania Author-Name: Marin Soare Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural and Forestry Technologies, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Craiova, Craiova, Romania Title: Evaluation and comparison of antioxidant activity and biochemical compounds in some coloured potato cultivars Abstract: Potato is an important source of food, and in recent years, new genotypes have emerged on the European market, which particularly differentiate by the colour of tubers. The current study investigated and compared phytochemical properties and antioxidant activity of six potato cultivars: two of those with yellow-fleshed (Carpatin, Brasovean) and four with red and purple-fleshed (Cranberry Red, Mountain Rose, Purple Majesty, and Blue Congo), which were cultivated under the same climatic and soil conditions. The antioxidant activities were evaluated using two antioxidant systems 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS). The results show that yellow-fleshed cultivars had higher total soluble substance content; red and purple-fleshed cultivars had a higher content of antioxidant compounds. Cv. Blue Congo it was recorded the highest antioxidant capacity in terms of DPPH and ABTS, of 164.17 μmol ascorbic acid (AsA)/100 g FW (fresh weight) and 114.96 μmol AsA/100 g FW, respectively. The highest total phenolic content was registered at cv. Purple Majesty of 63.54 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g FW. Regarding flavonoids, the highest content was 40.96 mg quercetin equivalents/100 g FW for cv. Blue Congo and anthocyanin at cv. Purple Majesty of 113.19 mg/100 g FW. Keywords: Solanum tuberosum L., cultivation, principal component analysis, nutritional value, biologically active compound, polyphenol Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 281-286 Volume: 66 Issue: 6 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/202/2020-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/202/2020-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202006-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:66:y:2020:i:6:id:202-2020-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Miao-Miao Xie Author-Workplace-Name: Collegeof Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Root Biology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, P.R. China Author-Name: Ying-Ning Zou Author-Workplace-Name: Collegeof Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Root Biology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, P.R. China Author-Name: Qiang-Sheng Wu Author-Workplace-Name: Collegeof Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Root Biology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic Author-Name: Ze-Zhi Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Shiyan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shiyan, Hubei, P.R. China Author-Name: Kamil Kuča Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic Title: Single or dual inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobia regulates plant growth and nitrogen acquisition in white clover Abstract: The present work aimed to analyse whether and how single or dual inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Funneliformis mosseae, Paraglomus occultum, and Rhizophagus intraradices) and rhizobia (Rhizobium trifolii) improved plant growth and stimulated nitrogen (N) acquisition of white clover. AMF inoculation significantly (P < 0.05) increased root nodule number by 117‒173%, and additional Rh considerably stimulated mycorrhizal growth. Single AMF or Rh treatment dramatically increased shoot by 36‒281% and root biomass by 16‒36% than non-inoculated control, and dual inoculation of Rh and P. occultum or R. intraradices further magnified the positive effect. Leaf and root N content, root total soluble protein content, root nitrogenase activity, and amino acid (e.g., alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartate, phenylalanine, proline, and tryptophan) concentrations were significantly increased by single or dual inoculation, while dual inoculation of AMF and Rh had significantly superior roles than single corresponding AMF or Rh inoculation. These results suggested that AMF and Rh represented synergetic effects on accelerating N acquisition of white clover to some extent, while the combination of P. occultum and Rh was the best. Keywords: nodulation, nutrient, symbiosis, synergistic effect Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 287-294 Volume: 66 Issue: 6 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/234/2020-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/234/2020-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202006-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:66:y:2020:i:6:id:234-2020-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Guang-Ming Huang Author-Workplace-Name: Collegeof Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, P.R. China Author-Name: Ying-Ning Zou Author-Workplace-Name: Collegeof Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, P.R. China Author-Name: Qiang-Sheng Wu Author-Workplace-Name: Collegeof Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic Author-Name: Yong-Jie Xu Author-Workplace-Name: Hubei Academy of Forestry, Wuhan, P.R. China Author-Name: Kamil Kuča Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic Title: Mycorrhizal roles in plant growth, gas exchange, root morphology, and nutrient uptake of walnuts Abstract: Walnut, an important oil fruit tree, is dependent on arbuscular mycorrhizas, while mycorrhizal roles and efficient mycorrhizal fungus in walnuts are unknown. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of five arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) species, including Acaulospora scrobiculata, Diversispora spurca, Glomus etunicatum, G. mosseae, and G. versiforme on plant growth, leaf gas exchange, root morphology, and root nutrient contents of walnut (Juglans regia L. Liaohe 1) seedlings. Three months of AMF inoculations later, root mycorrhizal colonisation achieved 47.0% to 76.4%. AMF treatments increased plant growth performance, dependent on AMF species. AMF-inoculated plants with D. spurca, G. etunicatum, and G. mosseae showed higher root length, projected area, surface area, and volume than non-AMF plants. Except for G. versiforme, the other four AMF treatments almost significantly increased leaf photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductivity, while reduced intercellular CO2 concentrations and leaf temperature. AMF affected root nutrient contents, dependent on AMF and mineral nutrient species. These results, thereby, concluded that AMF had a positive role in walnuts, dependent on AMF species, and D. spurca was the best mycorrhizal fungus for walnut. Such results provide the potential possibility of a developing consortium of AMF in walnut cultivation management. Keywords: endophytic fungi, mineral nutrients, mycorrhizal symbiosis, rhizosphere, root colonisation Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 295-302 Volume: 66 Issue: 6 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/240/2020-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/240/2020-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202006-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:66:y:2020:i:6:id:240-2020-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mohammad Amiri Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Takestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Takestan, Iran Author-Name: Amir Hossein Shirani Rad Author-Workplace-Name: Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Author-Name: Alireza Valadabadi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Takestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Takestan, Iran Author-Name: Saeed Sayfzadeh Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Takestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Takestan, Iran Author-Name: Hamidreza Zakerin Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Takestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Takestan, Iran Title: Response of rapeseed fatty acid composition to foliar application of humic acid under different plant densities Abstract: In order to the assessment of humic acid application on the qualitative characteristics of rapeseed in various plant densities, a factorial split-plot test was conducted for two cultivation years in Karaj, Iran. In this experiment, plant density considered in three levels (40, 60, and 80 plants/m2), humic acid at two concentrations (non-application and application at the concentration of 0.3%) in the main plots, and six cultivars of rapeseed embracing RGS003, Zafar, Julius, Jerry, Zabol10, and Hyola4815 in the sub-plots. The interaction effect of plant density ×humic acid × cultivar on seed yield, oil yield, oleic acid, linolenic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid, erucic acid, canopy temperature, and seed glucosinolate content as well as the interaction effect of plant density × cultivar on the oil content and total chlorophyll content were significant at 1% level. Cv. Jerry had the maximum seed and oil yields under humic acid application condition with the density of 40 plants/m2, and the maximum contents of oleic, linoleic, and palmitic fatty acids as well. Moreover, this cultivar, through containing the lower and standard content of erucic acid and glucosinolate, is recommendable under the circumstance of the present research. Keywords: Brasica napus L., nutrition, oil quality, organic fertiliser, plant competition, semi-arid region Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 303-308 Volume: 66 Issue: 6 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/220/2020-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/220/2020-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202006-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:66:y:2020:i:6:id:220-2020-PSE