Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dilfuza Egamberdieva Author-Workplace-Name: Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Biology, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan Author-Name: Vyacheslav Shurigin Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Biology, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan Author-Name: Burak Alaylar Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri, Turkey Author-Name: Stephan Wirth Author-Workplace-Name: Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany Author-Name: Sonoko Dorothea Bellingrath-Kimura Author-Workplace-Name: Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Life Science, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany Title: Bacterial endophytes from horseradish (Armoracia rusticana G. Gaertn.,B.Mey.&Scherb.) with antimicrobial efficacy against pathogens Abstract: The current study aimed to determine the diversity of culturable endophytic bacteria associated with horseradish (Armoracia rusticana G.Gaertn., B.Mey.&Scherb.) grown in Chatkal Biosphere Reserve of Uzbekistan and their antimicrobial potentials. The bacteria were isolated from plant leaves and root tissues using culture-dependent techniques. The 16S rRNA sequences similarities of endophytic bacteria isolated from A. rusticana showed that isolates belong to species Paenibacillus, Raoultella, Stenotrophomonas, Pseudomonas, Serratia, Microbacterium, Enterobacter, Achromobacter, Brevibacterium, Pantoea, and Erwinia. The isolated endophytic bacteria Stenotrophomonas maltophilia KRT1, Serratia ficaria KRT5, and Pantoea agglomerans KLT4 possess antimicrobial activities against human pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. The endophytic bacteria Paenibacillus typhae KRN1, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia KRT1, Pseudomonas kilonensis KRT11, Pseudomonas umsongensis KRT21, Brevibacterium frigoritolerans KLT2 and Pantoea agglomerans KLT4 inhibited phytopathogenic fungi Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium culmorum, and F. solani. These findings indicate that plant endophytic bacteria with antimicrobial activity could be a source for producing agriculturally and pharmaceutically important antimicrobial compounds. Keywords: medicinal plant, Brassicaceae, plant microbiome, bacterial diversity Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 309-316 Volume: 66 Issue: 7 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/137/2020-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/137/2020-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202007-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:66:y:2020:i:7:id:137-2020-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Václav Brant Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Karel Krofta Author-Workplace-Name: Hop Research Institute Co., Ltd., Žatec, Czech Republic Author-Name: Milan Kroulík Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Machines, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Petr Zábranský Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Pavel Procházka Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jaroslav Pokorný Author-Workplace-Name: Hop Research Institute Co., Ltd., Žatec, Czech Republic Title: Distribution of root system of hop plants in hop gardens with regular rows cultivation Abstract: Spatial distribution of the root system of hop (Humulus lupulus L.) in the soil profile is a less explored issue. However, it is known that it can play an important role in the development of new tillage technologies, fertilisation and irrigation, including the use of precision farming principles. In the period from 2015 to 2018, the distribution of the hop root system was evaluated on twelve hop plants of five Czech hop cultivars. The age of the plants ranged from 3 to 15 years. The evaluation took place in the Saaz region at regularly cultivated hop gardens. As part of the evaluation, the root systems of hop plants were removed from the soil profile and subsequently spatially reconstructed. With the help of infrared image analysis, the root intensity in the soil profile and the morphology of the root systems were determined. The root depth of the plants ranged from 1 m to 2.25 m. The lateral width of the hop root system ranged from 0.6 m to 1.5 m. As a result of the rows cultivation, the lateral development of the roots in the upper soil layers was limited. The results were confirmed using the infrared image analysis method to specify the distribution of the root system and the root density of hop plants in the soil profile. Keywords: rooting depth, infra-red photography, root density map, hop cultivars Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 317-326 Volume: 66 Issue: 7 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/672/2019-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/672/2019-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202007-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:66:y:2020:i:7:id:672-2019-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ivana Capouchová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Barbora Burešová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Luboš Paznocht Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Marie Eliášová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Kateřina Pazderů Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Petr Konvalina Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecosystems, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: Matěj Satranský Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Václav Dvořáček Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Antioxidant activity and content of selected antioxidant compounds in grain of different oat cultivars Abstract: The total antioxidant activity (TAA), total contents of polyphenols (TPC), phenolic acids (TPA) and tocols (TTC) were determined in the grain of 5 oat cultivars of Czech origin grown under organic and conventional cropping systems in two-year experiments (2018 and 2019). The TPC ranged from 772.9 mg/kg DM (dry matter) (hulled oat cv. Seldon) to 890.6 mg/kg (naked oat cv. Patrik); the TPA from 261.6 mg/kg (cv. Seldon) to 479.0 mg/kg (cv. Patrik); the TTC from 110.9 mg/kg (hulled oat cv. Korok) to 126.5 mg/kg (cv. Seldon). The TAA ranged from 427.1 mg/kg (cv. Korok) to 474.9 mg/kg (cv. Seldon). Besides the effect of the cultivar, the TAA and antioxidant contents were significantly affected also by year (weather conditions); higher values were observed in the drier and warmer the year 2019. The effect of the cropping system was statistically insignificant. Keywords: Avena sativa L., vitamin E, phytochemical, fertilisation, nutritional quality Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 327-333 Volume: 66 Issue: 7 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/212/2020-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/212/2020-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202007-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:66:y:2020:i:7:id:212-2020-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jabeen Zahra Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Hussain Nazim Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Irshad Faiza Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Jianbin Zeng Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Ayesha Tahir Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan Author-Name: Guoping Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China Title: Physiological and antioxidant responses of cultivated and wild barley under salt stress Abstract: Saline soil is a critical environmental problem affecting crop yield worldwide. Tibetan wild barley is distinguished for its vast genetic diversity and high degree of tolerance to abiotic stress, including salinity. The present study compared the response of antioxidant defense system in the XZ16 wild and CM72 cultivated barleys to salt stress. Wild barley was relatively more tolerant than cultivated CM72, salt-tolerant cultivar, with less Na+ uptake and more K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ retention in plant tissues. The results of diaminobenzidine (DAB) and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) staining showed that XZ16 had significantly lower H2O2 and O2- concentrations than a salt-sensitive cultivar Gairdner, suggesting that the salt-tolerant genotype suffer from less oxidative damage. Moreover, XZ16 and Gairdner had the highest and lowest anti-oxidative enzyme activities and proline content in plant tissues. In addition, the microscopic examination revealed that DNA damage in cv. Gairdner was closely correlated to oxidative stress, representing that more reactive oxygen species accumulation in plants tissues leads to subsequent DNA damage. The present results show that higher salt tolerance of wild barley XZ16 is attributed to less Na+ accumulation and stronger anti-oxidative capacity. Keywords: Hordeum vulgare L., superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide, toxic effect, antioxidant enzyme Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 334-344 Volume: 66 Issue: 7 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/169/2020-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/169/2020-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202007-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:66:y:2020:i:7:id:169-2020-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yan Jiang Author-Workplace-Name: Collegeof Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Heilongjiang Green Food Science Institute, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, USA Author-Name: C. Andy King Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, USA Author-Name: Larry C. Purcell Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, USA Author-Name: Shaodong Wang Author-Workplace-Name: Collegeof Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Heilongjiang Green Food Science Institute, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China Title: Nitrogen fixation sensitivity related to water use efficiency at reproductive development in soybean Abstract: Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] nitrogen fixation is sensitive differentially to drought among different genotypes at different growth and development stages, which directly affects soybean yield. Acetylene reduction activity (ARA) response to a gradual drought and rewatering period at late podding (late R3) and late seed fill (late R5) were evaluated in two different water use efficiency (WUE) genotypes. Drought-stressed plants with high WUE (PI 372413) decreased ARA more insensitively than that of low WUE (PI 548534), and drought-stressed plants with low WUE (PI 548534) maintained low ARA level after stress alleviation at late R5. The recovery ability of N2 fixation was a genotypic difference with WUE at late reproductive development (late R5), especially. Analysing relation between fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW) and relative ARA, it was confirmed that PI 372413 with high WUE was more insensitive to water deficit and had drought tolerance by N2 fixation and recovery ability with a threshold of 0.139-0.147 FTSW than PI 548534 with a threshold of 0.192-0.209 FTSW. The ability to recover N2 fixation following drought during the reproductive developmental stage would be of an important value in the actual planting environment. Keywords: water stress, acetylene, isotope, soil water use, inoculation Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 345-350 Volume: 66 Issue: 7 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/271/2020-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/271/2020-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202007-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:66:y:2020:i:7:id:271-2020-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ivana Maksimović Author-Workplace-Name: University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Novi Sad, Serbia Author-Name: Rudolf Kastori Author-Workplace-Name: University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Novi Sad, Serbia Author-Name: Marina Putnik-Delić Author-Workplace-Name: University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Novi Sad, Serbia Author-Name: Vojislava Momčilović Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia Author-Name: Srbislav Denčić Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia Author-Name: Milan Mirosavljević Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia Title: Genetic differences in aluminium accumulation in the grains of field grown Aegilops and Triticum Abstract: Plant species and genotypes differ considerably with respect to the accumulation of mineral elements. This study examined the accumulation of aluminium (Al) in Aegilops and Triticum species with different genomes (AA, BB, BBAA, BBAADD and DD) and correlations between concentration of Al in the grain and features of the spike. Twenty different genotypes were included in three-year field experiments. The examined species and genomes differed significantly in their Al concentration in grain. The highest concentrations of Al were found in the grains of wild diploid Aegilops speltoides (BB genome), and the lowest in tetraploids (BBAA genome). A significant positive correlation was found between the concentration of Al in the grain and spike length, while negative correlations were found between concentration of Al in the grain and the number of grains per spike, grain weight per spike and thousand grains weight. The presence of higher Al content in the individual grains of tetraploid and hexaploid wheat with respect to diploid ancestors suggests that during the increase in ploidity the capacity of plants to uptake Al from soil increased concomitantly with the increase of grain capacity to serve as Al sink. Keywords: essential element, toxicity, stress factor, tolerance, ploidy level Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 351-356 Volume: 66 Issue: 7 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/127/2020-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/127/2020-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202007-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:66:y:2020:i:7:id:127-2020-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Koray Kacan Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant and Animal Production, Ortaca Vocational School, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey Author-Name: Nihat Tursun Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Malatya Turgut Ozal University, Malatya, Turkey Author-Name: Hayat Ullah Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Food, Agriculture and Bioresources, School of Environment, Resources and Development, Asian Institute of Technology, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand Author-Name: Avishek Datta Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Food, Agriculture and Bioresources, School of Environment, Resources and Development, Asian Institute of Technology, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand Title: Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.) resistance to acetolactate synthase-inhibiting and other herbicides in rice in Turkey Abstract: Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.) is one of the most yield-limiting weeds in rice in Turkey. Barnyardgrass resistance to common herbicides has been reported worldwide; however, such information is largely lacking in the country. The objective of this study was to determine the resistance spectrum of different barnyardgrass populations to the most commonly-used herbicides in rice in Turkey. The susceptibility of 40 barnyardgrass populations was evaluated. The samples were collected from fields with intensive rice cultivation in Balikesir and Çanakkale provinces. Seeds were picked from barnyardgrass plants suspected to be herbicide-resistant because of their survival in the rice fields after herbicides application. A total of 38 populations were resistant to penoxsulam, and the resistance index of these populations ranged from 2 to 39. A total of 24 out of the 38 barnyardgrass populations showed a GR50 (herbicide dose causing a 50% reduction in plant dry matter) value higher than the recommended penoxsulam dose (20.2 g a.i./ha) in rice. Among these 24 barnyardgrass populations, 25, 29.2 and 45.8% populations exhibited high, moderate and low level of penoxsulam resistance, respectively. From the penoxsulam-resistant populations (38), the response of 14 populations (low to high resistance to penoxsulam) to six commonly-used herbicides for barnyardgrass control in rice was evaluated. The selected 14 populations showed resistance to almost all herbicides tested, with the lowest average resistance being determined against profoxydim and the highest average resistance against molinate herbicide. Resistance levels against six commonly-used herbicides in rice ranged from 2 to 34. Keywords: chemical control, herbicide resistance, Oryza sativa L., enzyme inhibitor, weed management Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 357-365 Volume: 66 Issue: 7 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/92/2020-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/92/2020-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202007-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:66:y:2020:i:7:id:92-2020-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gabriela Mühlbachová Author-Name: Pavel Čermák Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Martin Káš Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Radek Vavera Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Miroslava Pechová Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Kateřina Marková Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Boron content in soils under increasing magnesium and sulphur doses in a field experiment Abstract: The three-year field experiment (2015-2017) with graded doses of magnesium (Mg) and sulphur (S) was carried out at the Humpolec experimental station (49.5546239N, 15.3485489E; Czech Republic). The interactions between boron (B), Mg and S in the soil were studied. No boron was applied into soils. Contents of B, S and Mg in the soil were determined by the Mehlich 3 and NH4 acetate methods. The crop rotation was: spring barley-oilseed rape-winter wheat. Three Kieserite doses (S and Mg fertiliser) were applied. Sulphur treatments were 10-20-40 kg S/ha to cereals and 20-40-80 kg S/ha to oilseed rape. The doses of Mg were: 13-26-52 kg Mg/ha to cereals and 26-52-104 kg Mg/ha to oilseed rape. A significant gradual decrease of B-Mehlich 3 was observed under Kieserite treatments during the experiment (from 1.24 mg B/kg in control in the 1st year to 0.92 mg B/kg in the 3rd year). On the contrary, B-NH4 acetate contents in soils remained similar during 2015-2017 in control soils (0.33-0.39 mg B/kg) and significantly decreased under Kieserite treatments, namely by 55-57% in 2016 and by 43-48% in 2017. A significant decrease of B content in soils was noted since the second year of experiment after oilseed rape. The boron contents in soils were affected in several ways - by adsorption of B on magnesium oxides and other substances, exchange with SO42- anions and possible leaching, and also by the uptake by grown crops, mainly oilseed rape. Keywords: micronutrients, fertilisation, soil tests, plant nutrition, crops, plant uptake, precipitation Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 366-373 Volume: 66 Issue: 7 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/221/2020-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/221/2020-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202007-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:66:y:2020:i:7:id:221-2020-PSE