Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Saheed Adekunle Akinola Author-Workplace-Name: Food Security and Safety Niche, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa Author-Name: Olubukola Oluranti Babalola Title: The importance of adverse soil microbiomes in the light of omics: Implications for food safety Abstract: One of the most serious threats facing agricultural productivity in the world is unfavourable soil conditions. Several studies have shown that almost half of the world's land-mass is affected by either natural or human-induced pollution. This, therefore, poses a threat to agricultural improvement needed to tackle the problem of a continuous increase in the world population. The emergence of soil extremophiles with plant growth-promoting trait has proven to be a reliable means to quell the threat posed by some factors limiting soil potency. Adopting these organisms as bio-inoculants will easily proffer a solution to both biotic and abiotic soil stress. As such, the natural bio-fertilisers will help to improve the quality of the soil by making it healthy enough to sustain sufficient plant growth. This review gives an overview of the multifarious importance of extremophiles on plants grown under harsh soil conditions, with the multifaceted application of omics as a means to unveil these organisms and their benefits for environmentally sustainable agricultural systems and food safety. Keywords: crop yield, abiotic stress, rhizosphere, eco-friendly organisms, microbial biotechnology, unhealthy plant soil Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 421-430 Volume: 66 Issue: 9 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/118/2020-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/118/2020-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202009-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:66:y:2020:i:9:id:118-2020-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sinan Liu Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, P.R. China Author-Name: Feiyan Yu Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, P.R. China Author-Name: Zihao Fu Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, P.R. China Author-Name: Jinyong Yang Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, P.R. China Author-Name: Menglin Chen Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, P.R. China Author-Name: Yihan Fu Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China Author-Name: Yajuan Li Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Luoyang Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Ecology, Luoyang, Henan, P.R. China Author-Name: Huiqing Chang Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Luoyang Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Ecology, Luoyang, Henan, P.R. China Author-Name: Wenli Zhou Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Luoyang Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Ecology, Luoyang, Henan, P.R. China Author-Name: Xugang Wang Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Luoyang Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Ecology, Luoyang, Henan, P.R. China Author-Name: Lianhe Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Luoyang Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Ecology, Luoyang, Henan, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Henan Jinxiwang Agricultural Science and Technology Company Limited, Luoyang, Henan, P.R. China Title: Key factors affect selenite absorption in wheat leaf blades: pH, temperature, light intensity and leaf position Abstract: Foliage-spraying selenite solution is an effective measure to enhance selenium (Se) concentration in wheat grains. However, how pH, temperature, light intensity, and leaf position affects selenite absorption in wheat leaf blades is not fully understood. In this study, the effects of pH, temperature, light intensity, and leaf position on selenite absorption in wheat leaf blades were investigated. The results indicated that the selenite absorption rate dramatically decreased with increasing pH. Further study revealed that aquaporin inhibitors such as HgCl2 and AgNO3 strongly inhibited selenite absorption at pH 3.0. Light and higher temperatures significantly promoted selenite absorption. Newly expanded leaf blades had higher rates of selenite absorption than younger and older leaf blades. Thus, higher rates of selenite absorption in leaf blades should attribute to the entrance of selenite into mesophyll cells via aquaporins in the form of H2SeO3 at low pH values. Foliage-spraying selenite solution on upper leaf blades at lower pH values benefited to increase the selenite absorption rate in wheat leaf blades. Keywords: Se fortification, foliar fertilisation, selenium species, environment factor, efficiency of selenite absorption Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 431-436 Volume: 66 Issue: 9 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/337/2020-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/337/2020-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202009-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:66:y:2020:i:9:id:337-2020-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Beata Michalska-Klimczak Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Warsaw, Poland Author-Name: Zdzisław Wyszyński Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Warsaw, Poland Author-Name: Vladimír Pačuta Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Production and Grass Ecosystems, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Marek Rašovský Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Production and Grass Ecosystems, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Oskár Brezovský Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Farm Horný Bar, Horný Bar, Slovak Republic Title: Within-field variability of plant and canopy traits of sugar beet and their relation to individual root mass during harvest Abstract: The present study reports on research results obtained in the years 2014-2015 on two sugar beet production plantations in Central Poland. The purpose of any production is to obtain homogeneous canopy with the plants of demanded morphological and qualitative traits. The aim of the research was the assessment of the range and scale of plant variability in sugar beet canopy and impact of investigated plant and canopy traits (number of days from sowing to emergence, development stage of plants in the juvenile period, the plant living area, the location centrality index) to the final root mass at harvest time. Variability of investigated plant and canopy traits was evaluated using the variation coefficient, while the impact of these traits on the final root mass was assessed using the analysis of multiple linear regression. The obtained results show that sugar beet canopy reveals large, within-field variability in the investigated traits. The established relationship between final root mass during harvest and the canopy traits indicates that to obtain a large final root mass of individual plants during harvest, the most important is fast and even plant emergence, as well as the rapid development of plants in the juvenile period. At both production plantations, the impact of the living area of individual plants on the final mass of their roots was significant. However, no significant effect of the location centrality index on plant living area and the final root mass was found. Keywords: Beta vulgaris L., weather condition, plant density, yield, competition Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 437-445 Volume: 66 Issue: 9 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/325/2020-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/325/2020-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202009-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:66:y:2020:i:9:id:325-2020-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martin Král Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Petr Dvořák Author-Name: Ivana Capouchová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: The effect of straw mulch and compost application on the soil losses in potatoes cultivation Abstract: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of the straw mulch and compost application on the soil losses in potatoes cultivation. The three-year (2016-2018) exact field plot trials with the potato cv. Dicolora was carried out at the experimental station in Prague-Uhříněves. Wheat straw mulch in two doses 2.5 t/ha (SM1) and 4.5 t/ha (SM2) was applied on the soil surface; the compost in a dose of 20 t/ha (CM) was shuffled to the surface soil layer. Both straw mulch and compost application contributed to the significant reduction of the soil losses compared to control untreated (C). In the average of 2016-2018, the lowest soil loss 17.54 g/m2 (amount of the soil sediment caught) was found for the variant with the straw mulch treatment (SM2); it means the decrease of soil losses by 71.9% compared to C. Variant SM1 (lower rate of straw mulch in dose 2.5 t/ha) showed the soil loss 18.6 g/m2 (the decrease by 70.2% compared to C). The similar results for both variants indicate that for effective soil protection, it is not necessary to use the high doses of the straw mulch. Regarding the distribution of precipitation during the vegetation season, intensive precipitation during the short time, especially when they came after the longer period of drought led to higher soil losses compared to the precipitation distributed regularly. Keywords: erosion, sum of precipitation, rainfall, Solanum tuberosum L., infiltration, organic matter Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 446-452 Volume: 66 Issue: 9 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/330/2020-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/330/2020-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202009-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:66:y:2020:i:9:id:330-2020-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yanan Zhao Author-Workplace-Name: College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Henan Agriculture Green Development Engineering & Technology Center, Zhengzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Yufang Huang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Henan Agriculture Green Development Engineering & Technology Center, Zhengzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Shuai Li Author-Workplace-Name: College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Xu Chu Author-Workplace-Name: College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Youliang Ye Author-Workplace-Name: College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Henan Agriculture Green Development Engineering & Technology Center, Zhengzhou, P.R. China Title: Improving the growth, lodging and yield of different density-resistance maize by optimising planting density and nitrogen fertilisation Abstract: Matching the planting density, fertilisation, and genotype is crucial to improve the maize yield. Here, two-year field trials, including 4 densities and 3 nitrogen (N) rates for 2 maize cultivars, were conducted to study the effects of planting density and N rate on maize growth, lodging, spike characters, and yield. Compared with 360 kg/ha, N application of 180 kg/ha decreased the plant, ear height, and stem circumference of WeiKe 702 (WK702), while increased the plant height and stem circumference, but decreased ear height of ZhongDan 909 (ZD909). Meanwhile, the N application of 180 kg/ha greatly reduced the lodging rates of maize under the high density. The maize yield increased and reached the maximum yield at 7.5 × 104 plant/ha, and then decreased with increasing density. The N application of 180 kg/ha increased yield by 0.49, 0.73, 5.38, 7.81% from low to high planting densities, and reduced the bald tip length by 18.86%. WK702 was more sensitive to the planting density and N application, with greater variation of yield and spike traits than ZD909 under the densification. Therefore, the N application of 180 kg/ha and a density of 7.5 × 104 plant/ha could improve maize growth and lodging, and therefore increase maize yield. Keywords: Zea mays L., crop population, excess fertilisation, competition, agronomic characteristics Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 453-460 Volume: 66 Issue: 9 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/178/2020-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/178/2020-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202009-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:66:y:2020:i:9:id:178-2020-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Muhammad Khashi U Rahman Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China Author-Name: Shengcheng Tan Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China Author-Name: Changli Ma Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China Author-Name: Fengzhi Wu Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China Author-Name: Xingang Zhou Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China Title: Exogenously applied ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid differentially affect cucumber rhizosphere Trichoderma spp. community structure and abundance Abstract: Continuous monocropping can cause the buildup of autotoxins (e.g., phenolic compounds) in the soil, which can alter soil microbial community and inhibit plant growth. However, how different phenolic compounds affect certain soil microbiota is unclear. Here, we studied the response of cucumber rhizosphere Trichoderma spp. community to exogenously applied ferulic and p-coumaric acids by polymerase chain reaction denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) and real-time PCR techniques. Results showed that ferulic acid, but not p-coumaric acid, increased the Trichoderma spp. abundance, and this increase were positively correlated with ferulic acid concentration. Moreover, ferulic acid changed the community structure, increased the number of DGGE bands, Shannon wiener, and evenness index values, while p-coumaric acid had no effect on all these parameters of Trichoderma spp. community. These results suggest that these two phenolic acids affected Trichoderma spp. differentially at the community level. Keywords: Cucumis sativus L., microorganism, root exudate, antioxidant, soil sickness, allelochemicals Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 461-467 Volume: 66 Issue: 9 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/681/2019-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/681/2019-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202009-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:66:y:2020:i:9:id:681-2019-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Miroslav Jursík Author-Name: Martin Kočárek Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Michaela Kolářová Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Lukáš Tichý Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Effect of different soil and weather conditions on efficacy, selectivity and dissipation of herbicides in sunflower Abstract: Six sunflower herbicides were tested at two application rates (1N and 2N) on three locations (with different soil types) within three years (2015-2017). Efficacy of the tested herbicides on Chenopodium album increased with an increasing cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the soil. Efficacy of pendimethalin was 95%, flurochloridone and aclonifen 94%, dimethenamid-P 72%, pethoxamid 49% and S-metolachlor 47%. All tested herbicides injured sunflower on sandy soil (Regosol) which had the lowest CEC, especially in wet conditions (phytotoxicity 27% after 1N application rate). The highest phytotoxicity was recorded after the application of dimethenamid-P (19% at 1N and 45% at 2N application rate). Main symptoms of phytotoxicity were leaf deformations and necroses and the damage of growing tips, which led to destruction of some plants. Aclonifen, pethoxamid and S-metolachlor at 1N did not injure sunflower on the soil with the highest CEC (Chernozem) in any of the experimental years. Persistence of tested herbicides was significantly longer in Fluvisol (medium CEC) compared to Regosol and Chernozem. Dimethenamid-P showed the shortest persistence in Regosol and Chernozem. The majority of herbicides was detected in the soil layer 0-5 cm in all tested soils. Vertical transport of herbicides in soil was affected by the herbicide used, soil type and weather conditions. The highest vertical transport was recorded for dimethenamid-P and pethoxamid (4, resp. 6% of applied rate) in Regosol in the growing season with high precipitation. Keywords: Helianthus annuus L., environmental factor, soil condition, metabolic selectivity, weed control, leaching Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 468-476 Volume: 66 Issue: 9 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/223/2020-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/223/2020-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202009-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:66:y:2020:i:9:id:223-2020-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Larissa Vinis Correia Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, State University of Maringa, Maringá, Brazil Author-Name: Lucas Caiubi Pereira Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, State University of Maringa, Maringá, Brazil Author-Name: Thaisa Cavalieri Matera Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, State University of Maringa, Maringá, Brazil Author-Name: Renata Cristiane Pereira Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, State University of Maringa, Maringá, Brazil Author-Name: Andreia Kazumi Suzukawa Author-Workplace-Name: Collegeof Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA Author-Name: Rayssa Fernanda dos Santos Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, State University of Maringa, Maringá, Brazil Author-Name: Lindamir Hernandez Pastorini Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringá, Brazil Author-Name: Cristiane de Carvalho Author-Workplace-Name: State Center for Technological Education Paula Souza, Itú, Brazil Author-Name: Elisete Aparecida Fernandes Osipi Author-Workplace-Name: State University of Northern Parana, Bandeirantes, Brazil Author-Name: Alessandro Lucca Braccini Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, State University of Maringa, Maringá, Brazil Title: Accessing the relevance of tests for estimating the physiological quality of wheat grains Abstract: The objective of this work was to investigate, before and after chemical treatment, the interrelationships of the physiological quality tests in wheat grains. Following the chemical treatments with (i) carboxin thiram; (ii) carboxin thiram + thiamethoxam; (iii) carboxin thiram + thiamethoxam + bio-stimulant; (iv) pyraclostrobin + methyl thiophanate + fipronil, and (v) pyraclostrobin + methyl thiophanate + fipronil + bio-stimulant, subsequently the grains were assessed for their physiological potential. The physiological potential of the grains could be differentiated based on the electrical conductivity, seedling growth, and emergence in sand tests. In conclusion, the use of the active ingredients changed the correlation between laboratory tests with crop emergence in the sand as well as altered the relevance of the tests for sorting the treated grains into different physiological potential. But, the seedling growth tests and the electrical conductivity were, together, the parameters most relevant for explaining the data variability. Keywords: agrochemicals, Pearson, active-principle, Triticum aestivum L Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 477-482 Volume: 66 Issue: 9 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/213/2020-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/213/2020-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202009-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:66:y:2020:i:9:id:213-2020-PSE