Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fang He Author-Workplace-Name: Jiaozuo University, Jiaozuo, P.R. China Author-Name: Linlin Shi Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Agricultural Science in Taihu Lake District, Suzhou, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: National Soil Quality Observation Experiment Station in Xiangcheng, Suzhou, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Jingcheng Tian Author-Workplace-Name: Jiaozuo University, Jiaozuo, P.R. China Author-Name: Lijuan Mei Author-Workplace-Name: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China Title: Effects of long-term fertilisation on soil organic carbon sequestration after a 34-year rice-wheat rotation in Taihu Lake Basin Abstract: To evaluate the long-term effects of fertilisation on soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration in rice-wheat cropping ecosystems, SOC dynamics, stocks and fractionation were determined. The treatments included no fertiliser, mineral N and P, mineral N, P and K, organic fertiliser (OF), OF plus NP and OF plus NPK. The results showed that the average carbon inputs that derived from crop stubble, root residues and organic fertilisers were between 1.47 and 4.33 t/ha/year over the past 34 years. The average SOC stocks measured in the samples collected in 2011-2013 ranged from 31.20 to 38.52 t/ha. The range of the SOC sequestration rate was 0.11-0.40 t/ha/year with a SOC sequestration efficiency of 6.3%. Overall, organic fertilisation significantly promoted C-input, SOC and the sequestration rate compared to mineral fertilisation. The "active pool" (very labile and labile fractions) and "passive pool" (less labile and recalcitrant fractions) accounted for about 71.0% and 29.0% of the SOC fractions, respectively. Significant positive relationships between C-inputs and SOC fractions indicated that SOC was not saturated in this typical rice-wheat cropping system, and fertilisation, especially organic amendment, is an effective SOC strategy sequestration. Keywords: carbon input estimation, soil quality, terrestrial ecosystem, long-term experiment, paddy soil Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 1-7 Volume: 67 Issue: 1 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/478/2020-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/478/2020-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202101-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:67:y:2021:i:1:id:478-2020-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rujie Lv Author-Workplace-Name: Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, P.R. China Author-Name: Yong Wang Author-Workplace-Name: Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, P.R. China Author-Name: Xiuxia Yang Author-Workplace-Name: Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, P.R. China Author-Name: Yangping Wen Author-Workplace-Name: Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, P.R. China Author-Name: Xueming Tan Author-Workplace-Name: Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, P.R. China Author-Name: Yongjun Zeng Author-Workplace-Name: Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, P.R. China Author-Name: Qingyin Shang Title: Adsorption and leaching characteristics of ammonium and nitrate from paddy soil as affected by biochar amendment Abstract: Biochar plays a key role in nitrogen cycling, potentially affecting nitrogen adsorption and leaching when applied to soils. The laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the adsorption characteristics of rice straw biochar (RSBC) to ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3-) and the influence of RSBC on leaching characteristics of NH4+ and NO3- at different soil depths using multi-layered soil columns. The results showed that the adsorption characteristics were significantly fitted with Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isothermal curve models. The Freundlich isotherm model indicated that RSBC has relatively higher adsorption capacity and adsorption intensity to NH4+ than NO3-. Moreover, the Langmuir isotherm model showed that the maximum adsorption capacity of RSBC to NH4+ and NO3- were 31.25 and 10.00 mg/g, respectively. The leaching experiments showed that the contents of NH4+ in the leachates from the soil columns showed significant differences at different depths depending on the application amount of RSBC. Compared with CK (0% RSBC amendment), the overall cumulative losses of NH4+ via leaching were decreased by 23.3, 35.1 and 13.7% after adding 2, 4 and 6% RSBC, respectively. Correspondingly, the contents of residual soil NH4+ in the soil column were increased significantly with the RSBC amendment at different depths. However, the losses of NO3- via leaching from the soil columns could not be retarded obviously by RSBC. Therefore, the application of an appropriate biochar rate is beneficial to retard the losses of soil NH4+ from paddy soil. Keywords: N form, N leaching loss, inorganic fertiliser, nutrient, pollution, flooded condition Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 8-17 Volume: 67 Issue: 1 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/276/2020-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/276/2020-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202101-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:67:y:2021:i:1:id:276-2020-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dimitrios N. Vlachostergios Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Industrial and Forage Crops, Hellenic Agricultural Organization "Demeter", Larissa, Greece Author-Name: Christos Noulas Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Industrial and Forage Crops, Hellenic Agricultural Organization "Demeter", Larissa, Greece Author-Name: Dimitrios Baxevanos Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Industrial and Forage Crops, Hellenic Agricultural Organization "Demeter", Larissa, Greece Author-Name: Christina G. Raptopoulou Author-Workplace-Name: School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece Author-Name: Vassilios Aggelopoulos Author-Workplace-Name: School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece Author-Name: Chrysovalanto Karanika Author-Workplace-Name: School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece Author-Name: Stella K. Kantartzi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant, Soil and Agricultural Systems, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, USA Author-Name: Athanasios G. Mavromatis Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece Title: Response of early maturity soybean cultivars to row spacing in full-season crop and double-crop systems Abstract: Cultivar selection and crop systems are important factors for maximising soybean seed yield. The effect of row spacing (RS1 = 75 cm, RS2 = 25 cm) on the performance of 10 early maturity soybean cultivars grown in full-season and double-crop system for two consecutive years was studied. The agronomic traits measured were seed yield (SY), plant height (PH), pods per plant (PP), first pod height (FPH), crude protein. RS had a significant effect on SY, PH, PP and FPH. Higher SY (P < 0.01) was recorded in RS2 regardless of the crop system. The double-crop system yield reduction index of the tested cultivars ranged from 30.0% to 56.4% and from 21.5% to 57.2% for RS1 and RS2, respectively. Cultivars differed (P < 0.01) for all traits in both RS and crop systems. Maturity Group I cultivars showed the highest productivity; the cultivars PR92B63 and Atlantic were better adapted to the full-season crop system (SY > 5.67 t/ha); cv. Sphera was the most productive in the double-crop system (4.66 t/ha); cv. PR92M22 showed good adaptability to both cropping systems. In conclusion, the significant effect of RS and crop system on SY was observed, whereas different high yielding cultivars were identified as suitable for full-season and double-crop system. Keywords: Glycine max (L.) Merr., cultivation system, non-genetically modified soybean, environmental condition, legume Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 18-25 Volume: 67 Issue: 1 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/433/2020-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/433/2020-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202101-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:67:y:2021:i:1:id:433-2020-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zhiyu Zuo Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education/ High-Tech Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment and Intelligence of Jiangsu Province, School of Agricultural Equipment and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P.R. China Author-Name: Fan Ye Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Name: Zongshuai Wang Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, P.R. China Author-Name: Shuxin Li Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Name: Hui Li Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Name: Junhong Guo Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Name: Hanping Mao Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education/ High-Tech Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment and Intelligence of Jiangsu Province, School of Agricultural Equipment and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P.R. China Author-Name: Xiancan Zhu Author-Workplace-Name: College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, P.R. China Author-Name: Xiangnan Li Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, P.R. China Title: Salt acclimation induced salt tolerance in wild-type and chlorophyl b-deficient mutant wheat Abstract: Salt acclimation can promote the tolerance of wheat plants to the subsequent salt stress, which may be related to the responses of the photosynthetic apparatus. The chlorophyl (Chl) b-deficient mutant wheat ANK 32B and its wild type (WT) were firstly saltly acclimated with 30 mmol NaCl for 12 days, then subsequently subjected to 6-day salt stress (500 mmol NaCl). The ANK 32B mutant plants had lower Chl b concentration, which was manifested in the lower total Chl concentration, higher ratio of Chl a/b and in reduced photosynthetic activity (Pn). The effect of salt acclimation was manifested mainly after salt stress. Compared to non-acclimated plants, the salt acclimation increased the leaf water potential, osmotic potential (Ψo) and K concentration, while decreased the amount of Na+ and H2O2 in WT and ANK 32B under salt stress, except for Ψo in ANK 32B. In addition, the salt acclimation enhanced the APX (ascorbate peroxidase) activity by 10.55% and 33.69% in WT and ANK 32B under salt stress, respectively. Compared to the genotypes, under salt stress, the Ψo, Fv/Fm, Pn and gs of mutant plants were 5.60, 17.62, 46.73 and 26.41% lower than that of WT, respectively. These results indicated that although the salt acclimation could alleviate the negative consequences of salt stress, it is mainly manifested in the WT, and the ANK 32B plants had lower salt tolerance than WT plants, suggesting that lower Chl b concentration has a negative effect on the salt acclimation induced salt tolerance in wheat. Keywords: salinity, chlorina mutant, water relation, photosynthesis, chlorophyll a fluorescence Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 26-32 Volume: 67 Issue: 1 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/429/2020-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/429/2020-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202101-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:67:y:2021:i:1:id:429-2020-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martha I. Balandrán-Valladares Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrotechnological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico Author-Name: Oscar Cruz-Alvarez Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrotechnological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico Author-Name: Juan L. Jacobo-Cuellar Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrotechnological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico Author-Name: Ofelia A. Hernández-Rodríguez Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrotechnological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico Author-Name: María A. Flores-Córdova Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrotechnological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico Author-Name: Rafael Á. Parra-Quezada Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrotechnological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico Author-Name: Esteban Sánchez-Chávez Author-Workplace-Name: Center for Research in Food and Development A.C., Chihuahua, Mexico Author-Name: Damaris L. Ojeda-Barrios Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrotechnological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico Title: Changes in nutrient concentration and oxidative metabolism in pecan leaflets at different doses of zinc Abstract: Zinc deficiency limits pecan nut production. The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in nutrient concentration and oxidative metabolism in pecan leaflets in response to the application at different doses of zinc. The foliar concentration of nutrients, leaflet area, total chlorophyll, dry weight (leaflets and root), superoxide dismutase (SOD), hydrogen peroxide, catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GP) and antioxidant capacity were evaluated. Statistical analysis indicates that the application of 200 µmol Zn2+ affected the foliar concentration of N-total (24.50 ± 2.51 g/kg), P (10.34 ± 2.53 g/kg), Fe2+ (153.33 ± 6.27 mg/kg) and Zn2+ (42.00 ± 2.84 mg/kg), showing a greater area of the leaflet, total chlorophyll content and dry weight (leaflets and root). Plants treated with 50 µmol Zn2+ showed a higher level of SOD activity (1.38 ± 0.016 units/min/g), GP (5.56 ± 0.229 nmol glutathione/min/g), and the production of hydrogen peroxide, without exceeding the control. On the other hand, Zn treatments caused a significant decrease in CAT activity. Zn is an essential micronutrient for the growth and development of pecan, which promotes the accumulation of other nutrients. Therefore, its absence affects the generation of oxidative stress with the subsequent activation of the antioxidant defense enzyme system. Keywords: abiotic stress, Carya illinoensis, enzymatic activity, nutrient solution, physiological parameters Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 33-39 Volume: 67 Issue: 1 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/525/2020-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/525/2020-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202101-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:67:y:2021:i:1:id:525-2020-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Esmaeil Babarashi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran Author-Name: Asad Rokhzadi Author-Name: Babak Pasari Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran Author-Name: Khosro Mohammadi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran Title: Ameliorating effects of exogenous paclobutrazol and putrescine on mung bean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] under water deficit stress Abstract: Plant growth regulators play crucial roles in modulating plant response to environmental stresses. In this experiment, the effect of different doses of paclobutrazol (PBZ) and putrescine (Put), i.e., 0, 50, 100 and 150 mg/L on mung bean in two conditions of water deficit (WD) and well-watered (WW) was investigated. The seed yield decreased due to water deficit stress, while the PBZ and Put application alleviated the damage of drought stress through increasing proline and leaf chlorophyll content and improving membrane stability, and thus increased plant yield compared to untreated control plants. According to regression equations, the high PBZ levels (150 mg/L or more) and moderate levels of Put (about 90 mg/L) were determined as the optimal concentrations to maximise mung bean yield in WD conditions. In WW conditions, the mung bean responses to PBZ were inconsistent, whereas Put application positively affected some physiological traits and seed yield. In conclusion, the physiological attributes and, subsequently, the seed yield of drought-stressed mung bean plants could be improved by foliar application of PBZ and Put. Keywords: dehydration stress, green manure, irrigation, plant tolerance, polyamines, triazoles Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 40-45 Volume: 67 Issue: 1 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/437/2020-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/437/2020-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202101-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:67:y:2021:i:1:id:437-2020-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Miriam H. Messelhäuser Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Weed Science, Institute for Phytomedicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany Author-Name: Marcus Saile Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Weed Science, Institute for Phytomedicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany Author-Name: Bernd Sievernich Author-Workplace-Name: BASF SE, Limburgerhof, Germany Author-Name: Roland Gerhards Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Weed Science, Institute for Phytomedicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany Title: Effect of cinmethylin against Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. in winter cereals Abstract: Cinmethylin is a potential new pre-emergence herbicide in Europe inhibiting the fatty acid thioesterases in the plastid against Alopecurus myosuroides and other grass-weeds in winter cereals and oil-seed rape. Five field experiments were conducted in Southwestern Germany from 2018 until 2020 to assess the control efficacy of cinmethylin and other common pre-emergence herbicides alone and combined with post-emergence herbicides against A. myosuroides and yield response of winter wheat and winter triticale. In four experiments, the effect of early and late sowing of winter cereals was included as the second factor in the experiment to investigate if late sowing can reduce A. myosuroides density weed control efficacy. All fields were heavily infested with A. myosuroides with average densities of 110-730 plants/m2. Late sowing reduced densities in three out of four experiments. Herbicides controlled 42-100% of the A. myosuroides plants. However, none of the treatments was consistently better than the other treatments over all experiments. In three out of 5 experiments, grain yields were significantly increased by the herbicide treatments. The results demonstrate that cinmethylin increases the options for controlling A. myosuroides in winter cereals. However, it needs to be combined with other control tactics. Keywords: black-grass, acetolactate synthase-inhibitors, acetyl CoA carboxylase inhibitors, very long chain fatty acids inhibitors, integrated weed management, seeding time Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 46-54 Volume: 67 Issue: 1 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/586/2020-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/586/2020-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202101-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:67:y:2021:i:1:id:586-2020-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Xian Xiao Author-Workplace-Name: School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Yan Zhu Author-Workplace-Name: School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Yuexiang Gao Author-Workplace-Name: Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection of China, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Name: Jing Fu Author-Workplace-Name: School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Yuan Zhao Author-Workplace-Name: School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Lihua Zhao Author-Workplace-Name: Xinjiang Guang He Yuan Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Changji, P.R. China Title: Inoculation of paddy soils with Rhodopseudomonas palustris enhanced heavy metal immobilisation Abstract: To investigate the effect of microbial inoculum on soil heavy metal immobilisation, pot experiments were conducted with paddy soils contaminated by cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), arsenic (As), and mercury (Hg), respectively. The results showed that the inoculation of Rhodopseudomonas palustris was more effective in the immobilisation of Pb and Cd in soils than the composite of R. palustris and Bacillus subtilis. Interestingly, a lower dosage of inoculum immobilised significantly more heavy metals than the higher dosage, potentially due to the competition of bacteria with limited nutrients. The heavy metal contents in rice grains also supported this finding, as less Pb and Cd were accumulated under the lower dosage. However, there were limited effects of microbial inoculations on the immobilisation of Hg and As. In general, our study indicated the effectiveness of R. palustris in immobilising Pb and Cd in soils and highlighted the importance of determining the optimal dosage of inoculum in bioremediation. Keywords: co-inoculation, toxic element, Oryza sativa L., biosorbent, contamination Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 55-60 Volume: 67 Issue: 1 Year: 2021 File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/artkey/pse-202101-0008_inoculation-of-paddy-soils-with-rhodopseudomonas-palustris-enhanced-heavy-metal-immobilisation.php File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202101-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:67:y:2021:i:1:id:355-2020-PSE