Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Suping Li Author-Workplace-Name: College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, P.R. China Author-Name: Zhiling Li Author-Workplace-Name: College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, P.R. China Author-Name: Xiao Feng Author-Workplace-Name: College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, P.R. China Author-Name: Fengwu Zhou Author-Workplace-Name: College of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Name: Jipeng Wang Author-Workplace-Name: Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, P.R. China Author-Name: Yong Li Author-Workplace-Name: College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, P.R. China Title: Effects of biochar additions on the soil chemical properties, bacterial community structure and rape growth in an acid purple soil Abstract: Biochar is considered as a universal conditioner to improve soil quality, but its effects of different addition rates on soil properties, bacterial community structure and plant growth are still unclear, particularly in the typical acid purple soil in the southwest of China. In this study, 110 days of rape growth pot experiment under the application rate of 0.0% rice husk biochar (CK), 0.8% (CT1), 2.0% (CT2) and 4.0% (CT3) to the acid purple soil. Results showed that all biochar additions improved soil pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), total phosphorus, available phosphorus, available potassium concentrations in the acid purple soil. The activity of both invertase and catalase, not urease, was significantly increased with the increasing of biochar addition rates. The 16s-gene sequencing results showed that the Chao1 index was increased only under CT3, and the Shannon index was increased after all biochar applications. Furthermore, biochar increased the relative abundance of bacteria that play important roles in soil carbon and nitrogen cycles, SOC decomposition, plant diseases control and growth. The plant height and biomass production of rapes were increased under the low biochar level (CT1), but not under the higher rates of CT2 and CT3. These results demonstrated that biochar, as a soil conditioner to the acid purple soil, could increase soil pH value, SOC, available phosphorus and potassium and affect carbon and nitrogen cycles related to bacterial communities for promoting plant performance under low application rate. Keywords: biochar, acidification, bacterial abundance, nutrient availability, plant biomass Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 121-129 Volume: 67 Issue: 3 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/390/2020-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/390/2020-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202103-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:67:y:2021:i:3:id:390-2020-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nevena Banjac Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Author-Name: Rade Stanisavljević Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Plant Protection and Environment, Belgrade, Serbia Author-Name: Ivica Dimkić Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Author-Name: Nataša Velijević Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia Author-Name: Marina Soković Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Author-Name: Ana Ćirić Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Title: Trichoderma harzianum IS005-12 promotes germination, seedling growth and seedborne fungi suppression in Italian ryegrass forage Abstract: Potential of Trichoderma harzianum IS005-12 (TH-IS005-12) to promote seed germination and seedling growth of Italian ryegrass (IRG) forage was evaluated in vitro. Non-desiccated seeds and those pre-harvestly desiccated with total herbicide were treated 25 days (freshly harvested) and 178 days after harvest (mature) with TH-IS005-12 spore suspensions at 0 (T0), 1.8 × 107 (T1) and 1.2 × 109 (T2) spore/mL. TH-IS005-12 promoted the early and final germination and seedling growth in all non-desiccated and desiccated, freshly harvested as well as mature IRG seeds. It was more effective in pre-harvestly desiccated freshly harvested seeds where T2 treatment increased final germination rate for 24%, root number per seedling 1.6-fold and seedling vigour 1.9-fold compared to the untreated control. Moreover, TH-IS005-12 showed an inhibitory activity against seedborne fungi Alternaria alternata and A. ventricosa suppressing their growth in vitro by 82% and 77%, respectively. Keywords: Lolium multiflorum, early dormancy, desiccation, biocontrol agent, biostimulant, fungi inhibitory activity Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 130-136 Volume: 67 Issue: 3 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/581/2020-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/581/2020-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202103-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:67:y:2021:i:3:id:581-2020-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gerhard Moitzi Author-Workplace-Name: Experimental Farm Groß-Enzersdorf, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Groß-Enzersdorf, Austria Author-Name: Reinhard W. Neugschwandtner Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Agronomy, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Tulln an der Donau, Austria Author-Name: Hans-Peter Kaul Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Agronomy, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Tulln an der Donau, Austria Author-Name: Helmut Wagentristl Author-Workplace-Name: Experimental Farm Groß-Enzersdorf, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Groß-Enzersdorf, Austria Title: Effect of tillage systems on energy input and energy efficiency for sugar beet and soybean under Pannonian climate conditions Abstract: Sustainable cropping systems require efficient usage of fossil energy. This study performed on a long-term field experiment in the Pannonian Basis investigated the energy efficiency of four tillage systems (mouldboard plough (MP), deep conservation tillage (CTd), shallow conservation tillage (CTs) and no-tillage (NT)) for sugar beet and soybean production, taking fuel consumption, total energy input (made up of both direct and indirect inputs), crop yield, energy output, net-energy output, energy intensity and energy use efficiency into account. The input rates of fertiliser, chemical plant protection, and seeds were set constant across years; whereas measured values of fuel consumption were used for all tillage treatments. NT required a considerably lower energy input than MP and CTd as no fuel is needed for tillage and just slightly more fuel for additional spraying of glyphosate. Anyhow, the energy efficiency parameters did not differ between tillage treatments, as theses parameters were mainly determined by energy output, which was considerably higher than the energy input. However, year effects on the energy efficiency were observed for both crops. Nitrogen fertilisation and diesel fuel consumption were identified as the most energy-intensive inputs. Consequently, the energy input for sugar beet was higher than that for soybean, which was identified as a low-input crop. But sugar beet attained a more than 4 times higher net-energy output, a 2.5 times higher energy use efficiency, and an energy intensity for yield production of less than 3 times those of soybean. Keywords: plant production, energy analysis, energy efficiency indicators, soil tillage operation, Pannonian basin Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 137-146 Volume: 67 Issue: 3 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/615/2020-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/615/2020-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202103-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:67:y:2021:i:3:id:615-2020-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ladislav Ducsay Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agrobiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Alexandra Zapletalová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agrobiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Marek Slepčan Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agrobiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Mária Vicianová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agrobiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Peter Hozlár Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Plant Production Piešťany, Research and Breeding Station at Vígľaš Pstruša, Vígľaš Pstruša, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Rastislav Bušo Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Plant Production Piešťany, Research and Breeding Station Piešťany, Piešťany, Slovak Republic Title: Selenium effect on wheat grain yield and quality applied in different growth stages Abstract: Small field plot experiments were carried out at the testing station of the Central Control and Testing Institute in Agriculture in Veľký Meder (Slovakia) in the experimental years 2014/2015, 2015/2016 and 2016/2017. Selenium salts in the form of sodium selenite and sodium selenate were applied in growth phases: end of tillering (BBCH 29) and flag leaf ligule and collar visible (BBCH 39). The effect of experimental years 2014/2015, 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 on the yield of wheat grain was not statistically significant within the observed variants. The achieved mean yields were in the range from 10.06 ± 0.81 to 11.07 ± 0.29 t/ha in 2014/2015, from 9.82 ± 0.54 to 10.32 ± 0.10 t/hain 2015/2016 and from 11.23 ± 0.76 to 11.64 ± 0.51 t/ha in 2016/2017. Selenate in comparison with selenite influenced the selenium accumulation in wheat grains more positively. However, a significant difference was recorded in variants with selenite application in the flag leaf growth phase in comparison with the end of tillering phase. The influence on the content of macroelements P, K, Ca and microelements Cu and Fe was observed in sodium selenite only; its application decreased the element content in comparison with the control variant. Statistically significantly higher values of fiber and fat were achieved after application of selenium in the flag leaf growth stage in comparison with the end of tillering. Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., nutrition, biofortification, dietary deficiency, antioxidant Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 147-153 Volume: 67 Issue: 3 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/589/2020-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/589/2020-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202103-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:67:y:2021:i:3:id:589-2020-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Miroslav Trnka Author-Workplace-Name: Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jan Balek Author-Workplace-Name: Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Rudolf Brázdil Author-Workplace-Name: Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Geography, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Martin Dubrovský Author-Workplace-Name: Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Josef Eitzinger Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Meteorology and Climatology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Author-Name: Petr Hlavinka Author-Workplace-Name: Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Filip Chuchma Author-Name: Martin Možný Author-Workplace-Name: Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Ilja Prášil Author-Name: Pavel Růžek Author-Workplace-Name: Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Daniela Semerádová Author-Workplace-Name: Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Petr Štěpánek Author-Workplace-Name: Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Pavel Zahradníček Author-Workplace-Name: Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Zdeněk Žalud Author-Workplace-Name: Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Observed changes in the agroclimatic zones in the Czech Republic between 1961 and 2019 Abstract: The paper shows a large-scale shift in agroclimatic zones in the territory of the Czech Republic (CR) between 1961 and 2019. The method used for agroclimatic zoning took advantage of high-resolution (0.5 km × 0.5 km) daily climate data collected from 268 climatological and 787 rain-gauge stations. The climate information was combined with soil and terrain data at the same resolution. The set of seven agroclimatic indicators allowed us to estimate rates of changes in agroclimatic conditions over the 1961-2019 period, including changes in the air temperature regime, global radiation, drought, frost risks and snow cover occurrence. These indicators are relevant for all main crops and agroclimatic zoning and account for local soil and slope conditions. The study clearly highlights major shifts in the type and extent of agroclimatic zones between 1961-2000 and 2000-2019, which led to the occurrence of entirely new combinations of agroclimatic indicators. Keywords: climate change, production region, water deficit, growing season, Central Europe Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 154-163 Volume: 67 Issue: 3 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/327/2020-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/327/2020-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202103-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:67:y:2021:i:3:id:327-2020-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Xiaojie Feng Author-Workplace-Name: Experiment Station of Corn Nutrition and Fertilisation (Northeast China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: College of Resources and Environment, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: Xiumei Zhan Author-Workplace-Name: Experiment Station of Corn Nutrition and Fertilisation (Northeast China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Name: Xiaori Han Author-Workplace-Name: Experiment Station of Corn Nutrition and Fertilisation (Northeast China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Name: Kun Chen Author-Workplace-Name: Experiment Station of Corn Nutrition and Fertilisation (Northeast China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Name: Jing Peng Author-Workplace-Name: Experiment Station of Corn Nutrition and Fertilisation (Northeast China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Name: Xuexin Wang Author-Workplace-Name: Experiment Station of Corn Nutrition and Fertilisation (Northeast China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Name: Dongyao Shang Author-Workplace-Name: Henan Institute of Meteorological Science, Zhengzhou, P.R. China Title: Slow-release nitrogen fertiliser suitable for one-time fertilisation of spring maize in Northeast China Abstract: Slow-release nitrogen fertiliser can potentially increase crop production and improve fertiliser nitrogen use efficiency. However, it is unclear that are suitable for different regions and crops in the northeast of China. Therefore, according to different soil and climate characteristics, we investigated the synchronised relationships between nitrogen slow release fertiliser and nitrogen maize requirements. Experiments were conducted at Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning province, Northeast China, from 2016 to 2017. Stabilised fertiliser treatments increased grain yield, nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen accumulation at each maize growth stage. Grain yield increased by 2.32% and 11.33% (2016), and 1.55% and 7.87% (2017), respectively, when compared with the urea CK1 (233 kg N/ha) and CK2 (210 kg N/ha) treatments. Additionally, during the growth period of the stabilised fertiliser treatment, the stability of the synchronisation relationship between nitrogen absorption and absorption of spring maize was significantly higher than other treatments, and the effect was the best. Therefore, we conclude that the stabilised fertiliser is the most suitable option for promotion and application in spring maize in Northeast China. Keywords: Zea mays L., macronutrient, leaching, soil inorganic nitrogen, spatial-temporal variation Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 164-172 Volume: 67 Issue: 3 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/162/2020-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/162/2020-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202103-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:67:y:2021:i:3:id:162-2020-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yufei Liu Author-Workplace-Name: Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilisation for Cold Region, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P.R. China Yufei Liu and Xiaoxu Fan have contributed equally to this work. Author-Name: Xiaoxu Fan Author-Workplace-Name: Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilisation for Cold Region, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P.R. China Yufei Liu and Xiaoxu Fan have contributed equally to this work. Author-Name: Tong Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilisation for Cold Region, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P.R. China Yufei Liu and Xiaoxu Fan have contributed equally to this work. Author-Name: Xin Sui Author-Workplace-Name: Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilisation for Cold Region, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P.R. China Yufei Liu and Xiaoxu Fan have contributed equally to this work. Author-Name: Fuqiang Song Author-Workplace-Name: Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilisation for Cold Region, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P.R. China Yufei Liu and Xiaoxu Fan have contributed equally to this work. Title: Effects of atrazine application on soil aggregates, soil organic carbon and glomalin-related soil protein Abstract: Atrazine is still widely used in China. Atrazine residue (1.86-1 100 mg/kg) in the soil has exceeded the allowable limit (1.0 mg/kg), affecting soil structure and soil aggregate composition. To understand the long-term application of atrazine on soil aggregates and the binding agent, four treatments were established in cornfield planted since 1998, including without atrazine applied (AT0), atrazine applied (28% atrazine, 1 200-1 350 mL/ha/year) once a year from 2012 to 2018 (AT6, 167 mg/kg), from 2008 to 2018 (AT10, 127.64 mg/kg) as well as from 2002 to 2018 (AT16, 102 mg/kg) with three replications. Along with the increase of atrazine application time, the mass fraction of soil aggregates > 5 mm and 2-5 mm decreased significantly while the mass fraction of soil aggregates 0.5-2 mm and < 0.5 mm increased gradually, and the change of aggregate binding agents contents were the same as that of aggregates. The contents of soil organic carbon (SOC) and glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) in the aggregates > 5 mm and 2-5 mm were significantly negatively correlated with the years of atrazine application. Our results show that although atrazine residue in the soil does not increase with the increased yearly application, its concentration is still markedly higher than the permitted limit value and seriously affected the content of SOC and GRSP of aggregates > 2 mm, which can lead to a decrease of soil aggregate stability and soil quality. Keywords: herbicide, pollution, soil aggregation, glycoprotein, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 173-181 Volume: 67 Issue: 3 Year: 2021 File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/artkey/pse-202103-0007_effects-of-atrazine-application-on-soil-aggregates-soil-organic-carbon-and-glomalin-related-soil-protein.php File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202103-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:67:y:2021:i:3:id:594-2020-PSE