Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Saven Thai Author-Name: Lenka Pavlů Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Václav Tejnecký Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Petra Vokurková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Shahin Nozari Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Luboš Borůvka Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Comparison of soil organic matter composition under different land uses by DRIFT spectroscopy Abstract: The study aimed to estimate and characterise soil organic matter under different land uses (cropland, grassland, and forest) and soil depths. The soil organic matter composition of the soil was assessed by diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy (DRIFT). Humic and fulvic acids (HAs, FAs) were extracted from soils and their compositions were evaluated by DRIFT. Low molecular mass organic acids content was also measured. Our result revealed that the largest differences of the spectra in the composition of organic matter were observed in the upper parts of the soil profile. The forest soil spectra had more intense aliphatic bands, carboxylic, and CH bands than spectra of grassland and cropland soils. The difference of HAs spectra was at 3 010 to 2 800/cm where the most intensive aliphatic bands were in forest soil HAs, followed by grassland and cropland soil HAs. The grassland topsoil FAs spectrum differs most from the other land uses. It has lower peaks around 1 660-1 600/cm and 1 200/cm than cropland and forest. The concentration of low molecular mass organic acid (LMMOA) was the highest in the forest soil and the most abundant acid was citrate. Keywords: terrestrial ecosystem, Luvisols, humus, organic compounds, functional groups Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 255-263 Volume: 67 Issue: 5 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/11/2021-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/11/2021-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202105-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:67:y:2021:i:5:id:11-2021-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yaohong Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Name: Fangyuan Wang Author-Workplace-Name: Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, P.R. China Title: Different impacts of an electron shuttle on nitrate- and nitrite-dependent anaerobic oxidation of methane in paddy soil Abstract: Quinones, redox-active functional groups in soil organic matter, can act as electron shuttles for microbial anaerobic transformation. Here, we used 13CH4 to trace 13C conversion (13C-CO2 + 13C-SOC) to investigate the influence of an artificial electron shuttle (anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate, AQDS) on denitrifying anaerobic methane oxidation (DAMO) in paddy soil. The results showed that AQDS could act as the terminal electron acceptor for the anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) in the paddy field. Moreover, AQDS significantly enhanced nitrate-dependent AOM rates and the amount of 13C-CH4 assimilation to soil organic carbon (SOC), whereas it was remarkably reduced nitrite-dependent AOM rates and 13C assimilation. Ultimately, AQDS notably increased the total DAMO rates and 13C assimilation to SOC. However, the electron shuttle did not change the percentage of 13C-SOC in total 13C-CH4 conversion. These results suggest that electron shuttles in the natural organic matter might be able to offset methane emission by facilitating AOM coupled with the denitrification process. Keywords: global warming, microbial anaerobic metabolism, nitrogen fertilisation, 13CO2 production Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 264-269 Volume: 67 Issue: 5 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/579/2020-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/579/2020-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202105-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:67:y:2021:i:5:id:579-2020-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Juliana Isabel Carvajal-Tapia Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Nutrition Research Group, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Cauca, Popayán, Colombia Author-Name: Sandra Morales-Velasco Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Nutrition Research Group, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Cauca, Popayán, Colombia Author-Name: Daniel M. Villegas Author-Workplace-Name: International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia Author-Name: Jacobo Arango Author-Workplace-Name: International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia Author-Name: Nelson Jose Vivas-Quila Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Nutrition Research Group, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Cauca, Popayán, Colombia Title: Biological nitrification inhibition and forage productivity of Megathyrsus maximus in Colombian dry tropics Abstract: Agronomic, nutritional, and environmental aspects are integrated to promote sustainable tropical grassland production. Biological nitrification inhibition (BNI) is a plant-based strategy to improve nitrogen use efficiency by grasses in which they suppress the pace of soil nitrification via exudation of inhibitory compounds. To evaluate the effect of BNI on the productive performance of Megathyrsus maximus under field conditions, we evaluated a collection of 27 germplasm accessions and commercial cultivars of the forage grass in the dry tropics of Colombia. We measured plant yield dry matter, nutrition quality parameters, and nitrification rates of soil at 22 months after pasture establishment. Our results highlighted germplasm accessions of superior agronomic performance (for dry matter production and nutrition quality) and high capacity to decrease nitrification. Although no relation was observed between agronomic aspects, nutritional aspects, and nitrification rates, we conclude that there is no agronomic or nutritional penalty on environmentally friendly grasses, and BNI could be adopted as a target trait in plant breeding programs toward the development of eco-efficient forages and contribute to the sustainable intensification of livestock systems. Keywords: Guinea grass, tropical agroecosystem, tropical forages, N uptake, environmental pollution Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 270-277 Volume: 67 Issue: 5 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/445/2020-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/445/2020-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202105-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:67:y:2021:i:5:id:445-2020-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kuerban Zaituniguli Author-Workplace-Name: Collegeof Grassland and Environmental Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Bioenergy, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Author-Name: Tuerhong Tuerxun Author-Workplace-Name: Collegeof Grassland and Environmental Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, P.R. China Author-Name: Tu Zhendong Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Bioenergy, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Author-Name: Yilahong Aikebaier Author-Workplace-Name: Collegeof Grassland and Environmental Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, P.R. China Title: Impact of fertilisers on soil properties and biomass yield under a long-term sweet sorghum cropping system Abstract: A continuous long-term field experiment (2008-2018) was conducted in Xinjiang, north-western China, to assess the impact of farmyard manure (FYM) and inorganic fertilisers on the sustainable biomass yield of sweet sorghum cultivar (Xingaoliang No. 3) and soil chemical properties. Seven treatments, associated with nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), FYM, and their different combination, were compared with the control plot (CK). As a result, the treatments NP, PK, NK, NPK and NPKM significantly increased the average biomass yields by 30-48% over CK. The 12 t/ha FYM per year with NPK (NPKM) increased both the yield and total soluble solids (TSS) by 48% and 7.9%, respectively, while the 18 t/ha/year application rate of FYM had an adverse effect on yield. Stem TSS, soil available N and K for all treatments decreased while soil organic carbon, soil total salt and the available P for FYM applied treatments increased over the years. The soil pH stabilised at 7.8-8.2 at the end. In conclusion, the 12 t/ha/year of FYM is the most efficient rate for a single application or incorporation with inorganic fertilisers. A more reasonable application rate of N and K fertiliser to increase the yield and irrigation rate to reduce soil salt needs for further investigation. Keywords: soil nutrient, biological mass, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, salinity, arid region Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 278-285 Volume: 67 Issue: 5 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/472/2020-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/472/2020-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202105-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:67:y:2021:i:5:id:472-2020-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Xiaoli Zhou Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China Author-Name: Jingang Liang Author-Workplace-Name: Development Center of Science and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Author-Name: Ying Luan Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China Author-Name: Xinyuan Song Author-Name: Zhengguang Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China Title: Characterisation of Bt maize IE09S034 in decomposition and response of soil bacterial communities Abstract: Returning straw to the soil is an effective way to improve the soil quality. As genetically modified (GM) crops experience expanded growing scales, returning straw to the soil could also be necessary. However, the impact of GM crop straws on soil safety remains unclear. The environment (including soil types, humidity and temperature) can result in a significant difference in the diversity of soil bacterial communities. Here, we compared the impacts of the straw from Bt maize IE09S034 (IE) and near-isogenic non-Bt maize Zong31 (CK) on soil bacterial community and microbial metabolic activity in three different environments. Sampling was carried out following 6-10 months of decomposition (May, June, July, and August) in three localities in Chinese cities (Changchun, Jinan, and Beijing). Our results showed that Bt maize residues posed no direct impact on soil bacterial communities in contrast to the environment and decomposed time. The microbial functional diversity and metabolic activity showed no significant difference between IE and CK. The results could be a reference for further assessing the effect of Bt maize residues on the soil that promotes the commercialisation of Bt maize IE09S034. Keywords: genetically modified maize, litterbags, 16S rRNA, miseq sequencing, biolog eco-plates Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 286-298 Volume: 67 Issue: 5 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/629/2020-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/629/2020-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202105-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:67:y:2021:i:5:id:629-2020-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gerhard Moitzi Author-Workplace-Name: Experimental Farm Groß-Enzersdorf, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Groß-Enzersdorf, Austria Author-Name: Reinhard W. Neugschwandtner Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Agronomy, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Tulln an der Donau, Austria Author-Name: Hans-Peter Kaul Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Agronomy, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Tulln an der Donau, Austria Author-Name: Helmut Wagentristl Author-Workplace-Name: Experimental Farm Groß-Enzersdorf, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Groß-Enzersdorf, Austria Title: Comparison of energy inputs and energy efficiency for maize in a long-term tillage experiment under Pannonian climate conditions Abstract: Sustainable crop production requires an efficient usage of fossil energy. This six-year study on a silt loam soil (chernozem) analysed the energy efficiency of four tillage systems (mouldboard plough 25-30 cm, deep conservation tillage 35 cm, shallow conservation tillage 8-10 cm, no-tillage). Fuel consumption, total energy input (made up of both direct and indirect input), grain of maize yield, energy output, net-energy output, energy intensity and energy use efficiency were considered. The input rates of fertiliser, herbicides and seeds were set constant; measured values of fuel consumption were used for all tillage operations. Total fuel consumption for maize (Zea mays L.) production was 81.6, 81.5, 69.5 and 53.2 L/ha for the four tillage systems. Between 60% and 64% of the total energy input (17.0-17.4 GJ/ha) was indirect energy (seeds, fertiliser, herbicides, machinery). The share of fertiliser energy of the total energy input was 36% on average across all tillage treatments. Grain drying was the second highest energy consumer with about 22%. Grain yield and energy output were mainly determined by the year. The tillage effect on yield and energy efficiency was smaller than the growing year effect. Over all six years, maize produced in the no-tillage system reached the highest energy efficiency. Keywords: plant production, energy analysis, energy efficiency indicators, soil tillage operation, Pannonian basin Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 299-306 Volume: 67 Issue: 5 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/67/2021-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/67/2021-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202105-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:67:y:2021:i:5:id:67-2021-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wanling He Author-Name: Xiaoli Li Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, P.R. China Author-Name: Shu Guo Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, P.R. China Author-Name: Longbang Yang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, P.R. China Author-Name: Dong Li Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, P.R. China Title: Arsenic accumulation, speciation and bioavailability in rice cultivated in arsanilic acid exposed soil Abstract: The present study used various amounts of P-arsanilic acid (AsA) in pot experiments to evaluate the effects of AsA on arsenic (As) accumulation, speciation and meanwhile using the in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell model to evaluate the bioavailability of As in rice. The results indicated a linear relationship between As in rice and As in soil, and at 75 mg AsA/kg of soil, As content in rice exceeded the statutory permissible limit of 0.2 mg As/kg dry weight in China. Speciation studies indicated that inorganic As (Asi), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), and monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) were the main As species in rice. Bioavailability of As experiment indicated that As uptake and transport amount by Caco-2 cells increased with increasing As accumulation in rice. In general, the content of AsA in soil reached or exceeded 75 mg/kg, which is not suitable for growing rice. Keywords: arsenic acid, food chain, cytotoxicity, contamination, food safety Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 307-316 Volume: 67 Issue: 5 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/10/2021-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10/2021-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202105-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:67:y:2021:i:5:id:10-2021-PSE