Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Andrea Balla Kovács Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary Author-Name: Rita Kremper Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary Author-Name: János Kátai Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary Author-Name: Imre Vágó Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary Author-Name: Dóra Buzetzky Author-Workplace-Name: ImreLajos Isotope Laboratory, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary Author-Name: Eszter Mária Kovács Author-Workplace-Name: ImreLajos Isotope Laboratory, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary Author-Name: József Kónya Author-Workplace-Name: ImreLajos Isotope Laboratory, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary Author-Name: Noémi M. Nagy Author-Workplace-Name: ImreLajos Isotope Laboratory, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary Title: Characterisation of soil phosphorus forms in the soil-plant system using radioisotopic tracer method Abstract: Soil incubation and pot experiments were conducted to follow the sorption processes of added phosphorus (P) fertiliser using the radioisotope tracer technique. Increasing doses of P fertiliser (40, 80, 160, 320 mg P/kg soil) were added to Chernozem and Arenosol and incubated for 1, 3, and 13 weeks. After incubation, perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) was sown in one group of pots, and the experiment had been continuing for another 9 weeks. The yield, grass P uptake, isotopically exchangeable (PIE), water-soluble (PW), and ammonium lactate soluble phosphorus (PAL) fractions of soils were measured. On Chernozem, plant P uptake, PIE, PW and PAL were significantly less in the case of the longest incubation period compared to shorter incubations. This suggests a transformation of P into tightly sorbed form. On Arenosol, there were only small changes in the parameters as the incubation period increased, suggesting less intense P transformation to tightly sorbed form. The PW/PIE ratio enhanced with increasing P-doses, and the ratios were higher on Arenosol. On Arenosol, the higher P doses caused a greater increase of PW than on Chernozem. The PIE + PW showed a good correlation with plant P uptake proving this value can be a good indicator of plant-available phosphorus. Keywords: heterogeneous isotope exchange, 32P-labeled phosphate, plant nutrient, P cycling, adsorption, bioavailability Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 367-375 Volume: 67 Issue: 7 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/458/2020-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/458/2020-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202107-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:67:y:2021:i:7:id:458-2020-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Luděk Tyšer Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Michaela Kolářová Author-Name: Ondřej Tulačka Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Pavel Hamouz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Weed vegetation in conventional and organic farming in West Bohemia (Czech Republic) Abstract: The paper presents species richness and composition of arable weed vegetation in the region of West Bohemia (Czech Republic) in different types of farming (conventional and organic) and grown crops (winter and spring cereals, wide-row crops). During the field survey in the years 2007 to 2017, 105 phytocoenological relevés were recorded. The average species richness in one relevé was significantly higher in organic farming, as well as total weed cover. The lowest species richness was found in wide-row crops. Recently widespread species belonged to the most frequent species in our study. Based on multivariate statistics, the effects of variables on the occurrence of weed species were found as statistically significant. Most of the variability in data was explained by crop, following by type of farming. Weed species of Fabaceae Lindl. family (especially Vicia L.) and many perennial species positively correlated with the organic type of farming. Endangered species were found mainly in organic farming and cereals. Less intensive cultivation with a higher weed cover is beneficial for the promotion of biodiversity. Keywords: arable land, agricultural management, crop competition, agrophytocenose, farming systems, Central Europe Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 376-382 Volume: 67 Issue: 7 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/6/2021-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6/2021-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202107-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:67:y:2021:i:7:id:6-2021-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Qiang Ma Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Nutrients Recycling, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Name: Chunming Jiang Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Nutrients Recycling, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Science), Jinan, P.R. China Author-Name: Shuailin Li Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Nutrients Recycling, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Name: Wantai Yu Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Nutrients Recycling, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China Title: Maize yield and nitrogen-use characteristics were promoted as consistently improved soil fertility: 6-year straw incorporation in Northeast China Abstract: Long-term impacts of straw incorporation on soil fertility, and maize production and nitrogen (N) use status had not been thoroughly investigated in Northeast China, the most vital agricultural base across the nation. We conducted a consecutive 6-year field experiment, including straw amendment at 4 000, 8 000 and 12 000 kg/ha, and no straw incorporation was set as the control. Our experiment confirmed that the grain yield and crop N uptake in straw treatments were raised due to consistently improved soil fertility indices (associated with soil N cycling), and larger straw addition generally exerted more profound influences. Boosted nitrogen harvest index (NHI) indicated that nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) was gradually enhanced if applying more straw. More specifically, greater straw amendment caused higher N recovery efficiency from straw N, even though the N recovery efficiency of accumulated N addition declined accordingly (considering fertiliser N besides straw N). Thus, these trends suggested that more efficient utilisation of straw N by crop was the probable reason for elevated NUE over multi-year time series. Our research offered helpful insight to optimally employ straw incorporation and N fertilisation for coordinating agricultural sustainability and environmental protection. Keywords: soil property, field management, soil nutrient, environment-friendly agriculture, Zea mays L Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 383-389 Volume: 67 Issue: 7 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/434/2020-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/434/2020-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202107-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:67:y:2021:i:7:id:434-2020-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Václav Novák Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Machinery Utilisation, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Petr Šařec Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Machinery Utilisation, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Kateřina Křížová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Machinery Utilisation, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Crop Protection and Plant Health, Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Petr Novák Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Machines, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Oldřich Látal Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrisciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Soil physical properties and crop status under cattle manure and Z'Fix in Haplic Chernozem Abstract: A three-year experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of Z'Fix on soil physical properties and crop status. Z'Fix is an agent recommended as an addition to animal bedding to prolong its function and to lower ammonia emissions in stables. Concurrently, a positive effect on organic matter transformation in resulting manure is claimed. The experiment involved control, farmyard manure (FYM), and farmyard manure with Z'Fix (FYM_ZF) as variants. In-field sampling was conducted for cone index, water infiltration and implement a unit draft, where the latter two showed significant differences in favour of FYM_ZF. Also, concerning crop yields, FYM_ZF consistently attained the highest values, followed by FYM throughout all three seasons. Furthermore, remotely sensed data were analysed to describe crop status via normalised difference vegetation index where significant differences were found across all variants. Based on the study, FYM_ZF demonstrated positive effects both on soil properties and crop conditions. Keywords: organic fertiliser, biological transformation, field experiment, pedocompaction, remote sensing Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 390-398 Volume: 67 Issue: 7 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/159/2021-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/159/2021-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202107-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:67:y:2021:i:7:id:159-2021-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Xin Zhao Author-Workplace-Name: Shanxi Institute for Functional Food, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, P.R. China Author-Name: Baolin Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Shanxi Academy of Agriculture Science, Taiyuan, P.R. China Author-Name: Sancai Liu Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: Xiushi Yang Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, P.R. China Title: Evaluation of efficiency of controlled-release N fertiliser on tartary buckwheat production Abstract: To provide reference for scientific management of nitrogen (N) fertiliser on tartary buckwheat, the effects of the mixed application of controlled-release N fertiliser (a kind of thermoplastic polymer-coated urea types that are characterised by a semi-permeable membrane) and common urea was studied in the main tartary buckwheat production area in China. In 2018 and 2019, a two-year field experiment was conducted a randomised block design with five treatments: (1) no nitrogen fertilisation (CK); (2) 100% N from common urea (T1); (3) 15% N from controlled-released urea fertiliser (plastic coated) + 85% N from common urea (T2); (4) 30% N from controlled-released fertiliser + 70% N from urea (T3); (5) 45% N from controlled-released fertiliser + 55% N of urea (T4). The N fertilisation rate was 90 kg N/ha in all fertilisation treatments. The results showed: (1) the mixed application of controlled-release N fertiliser and common urea was conductive to enhance the yield, dry mass, N uptake and apparent N fertiliser efficiency (NFE), compared with a single application of common urea. In two seasons, NFE was 38.6% (T1), 48.6% (T2), 53.6% (T3) and 53% (T4), separately; (2) the mixed application of controlled-release N fertiliser and common urea could significantly increase the soil inorganic N content in the soil surface layer and decreased the leaching loss of N; (3) with the increasing ration of controlled-release N fertiliser, the tendency of increasing N content of crop uptake and soil residual and decreasing rate of N loss and N surplus was visible. Overall, considered the indicators of grain yield, input cost, N utilisation and N balance, the suitable N fertilisation mode for tartary buckwheat production is the mixed application of 30% controlled-release N fertiliser and 70% common urea when 90 kg N/ha is applied. Keywords: minor crop, nutrition, crop-soil N balance, nitrogen fertiliser type Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 399-407 Volume: 67 Issue: 7 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/32/2021-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/32/2021-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202107-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:67:y:2021:i:7:id:32-2021-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Matyáš Orsák Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Zora Kotíková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: František Hnilička Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jaromír Lachman Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Effect of drought and waterlogging on saccharides and amino acids content in potato tubers Abstract: The study was focused on the effect of drought and waterlogging stresses in two-year pot experiments in the peat substrate on the content of glucose, fructose and sucrose and free amino acids in potato tubers of four cultivars (yellow-fleshed Laura, Marabel, Milva and blue-fleshed Valfi) after 71 days of exposure to stresses conditions (BBCH 909). Drought and waterlogging increased levels of fructose, glucose, and sucrose in three potato cultivars except for cv. Laura. Drought stress increased l-proline (+248.4%), l-hydroxyproline (+135.3%), l-arginine (+29.97%), l-glutamic acid (+29.09%) and l-leucine (+22.58%) contents in all analysed cultivars. Moreover, the high effect of drought stress on an increase of l-phenylalanine, l-histidine, l-threonine, and total free amino acids content of the cvs. Laura, Valfi and Marabel has been observed. A comparison of the effects of drought and waterlogging stresses on the content of total amino acids showed an increase under drought and a decrease under waterlogging conditions. On average, of all cultivars, waterlogging stress caused an increase of l-tyrosine content, whereas drought stress decrease. In addition, drought stress caused a significant increase of l-proline in all cultivars while waterlogging its decrease. Obtained results confirmed different responses of susceptible or resistant cultivars to abiotic stresses. Keywords: Solanum tuberosum L., long-term abiotic stresses, soluble sugars, protein building units Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 408-416 Volume: 67 Issue: 7 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/661/2020-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/661/2020-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202107-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:67:y:2021:i:7:id:661-2020-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Meryem Yeşil Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop and Animal Production, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey Author-Name: Mehmet Muharrem Özcan Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey Title: Effects of harvest stage and diurnal variability on yield and essential oil content in Mentha × piperita L. Abstract: This study aimed at investigating the effect of ontogenetic and diurnal variability on yield and quality criteria of Mentha piperita. The research was conducted in the Ordu province of Turkey for two years. The trial was established in a randomised complete block design with 3 replications according to factorial regulations. Four different harvesting periods (budding, first flowering, 50% flowering, 100% flowering) and three harvesting hours (9:00 a.m., 1:00 p.m., 5:00 p.m.) were evaluated. A significant difference was determined between the trial years in all characters examined: plant height 55.9-69.0 cm, fresh herb yield 3 236-16 438 kg/ha, drug-herb yield 1 748-2 862 kg/ha, fresh leaf yield 3 477-4 506 kg/ha, drug leaf yield 968-1 253 kg/ha, essential oil ratio 2.0-2.5% and essential oil yield that varied between 19-28 L/ha. The highest yields were obtained at the beginning of flowering in drug leaf yield and 100% flowering period for all other characteristics. Diurnal variability was statistically significant only in the rate of essential oil, and the highest rate occurred in the 9:00 a.m. harvest. Keywords: peppermint, quality features, aromatic plant, environmental factor, medicine Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 417-423 Volume: 67 Issue: 7 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/114/2021-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/114/2021-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202107-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:67:y:2021:i:7:id:114-2021-PSE