Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Matěj Malík Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jiří Velechovský Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic Author-Name: Pavel Tlustoš Title: The overview of existing knowledge on medical cannabis plants growing Abstract: The use of cannabis for medicinal purposes dates back well before the era of modern medicine, but in recent years research into the use of medical cannabis in the medical and pharmaceutical sciences has grown significantly. In European countries, most cannabis plants have been and still are grown for industrial purposes. For this reason, hemp cultivation technology is relatively well researched, while little is known about the key factors affecting cannabis cultivation for medical purposes. The active substances of cannabis plant targeted by this review are called phytocannabinoids. The biosynthesis of phytocannabinoids is relatively well understood, but the specific environmental factors that influence the type and number of phytocannabinoids have been much less studied. Indoor or greenhouse cultivation, which uses automated lighting, ventilation, irrigation systems and complex plant nutrition has become much more sophisticated and appears to be the most effective method for producing medical cannabis. There are many different cultivation systems for cannabis plants, but one of the essential elements of the process is an optimal plant nutrition and selection of fertilisers to achieve it. This review summarises the existing knowledge about phytocannabinoid biosynthesis and the conditions suitable for growing plants as sources of medical cannabis. This review also attempts to delineate how nutrient type and bioavailability influences the synthesis and accumulation of specific phytocannabinoids based on contemporary knowledge of the topic. Keywords: Cannabis sativa L., tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol, chemical profile, growing conditions Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 425-442 Volume: 67 Issue: 8 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/96/2021-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/96/2021-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202108-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:67:y:2021:i:8:id:96-2021-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alireza Golestanifard Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Tulln an der Donau, Austria Author-Workplace-Name: Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Agronomy, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Author-Name: Markus Puschenreiter Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Tulln an der Donau, Austria Author-Name: Amal Aryan Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Tulln an der Donau, Austria Author-Name: Walter W. Wenzel Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Tulln an der Donau, Austria Title: Phosphorus depletion controls Cu and Zn biogeochemistry in canola and corn rhizosphere on a calcareous soil Abstract: Phosphorus (P) deficiency may trigger rhizodeposition, including protons and organic compounds, with possible effects on metal solubility and speciation. To explore the relevance of this process, we investigated biogeochemical changes in the rhizosphere of P-deficient canola (Brassica napus L.) and corn (Zea mays L.) cultivars grown in a pot experiment on calcareous soil. Depletion of total soluble (0.005 mol/L Ca(NO3)2-extractable) P in the rhizosphere varied with crop species and cultivar but was generally strong and negatively correlated with dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in canola (R2 = 0.868) and corn (R2 = 0.844) rhizospheres, indicating rhizodeposition in response to limited P availability. DOC was correlated with dissolved Cu, explaining 86% of its variation in the rhizosphere and bulk soil solution of canola and corn cultivars, respectively, suggesting Cu mobilisation via the formation of Cu-organic complexes. In line with lower Zn-organic complex stabilities, the effect of rhizodeposition was less pronounced for Zn mobilisation. We show that the P nutritional status of plants and the related variation of rhizodeposition among crops and cultivars represents a major control of metal solubility in soil, with possible effects on micronutrient supply and toxicity. Hence, targeted P availability control should be considered in the management of polluted and micronutrient-deficient soils. Keywords: root activity, phytoremediation, metal contaminated soils, macro- and micronutrient availability, metal-organo ligand complexes Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 443-452 Volume: 67 Issue: 8 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/122/2021-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/122/2021-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202108-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:67:y:2021:i:8:id:122-2021-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Peter Pepó Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Crop Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary Title: Effect of agrotechnical factors on soil chemical traits and maize yield on Chernozem in the long-term experiment Abstract: The effect of agrotechnical elements (crop rotation, fertilisation, irrigation) on maize yield and various chemical characteristics of the soil (pHH2O, pHKCl, hydrolytic acidity (y1)) were examined in a long-term experiment (established in 1983) on calcareous Chernozem in the Hajdúság region of Hungary. The yield obtained in 2019 showed the favourable water supply of the crop year and outstanding nutrient utilisation of maize. In the control (non-fertilised) treatments, maize yield was 8 t/ha in monoculture, 11 t/ha in biculture and 12 t/ha in triculture, while the highest yield obtained with the optimum fertiliser treatment increased to 13, 13.5 and 14 t/ha, respectively. In the long-term experiment established 35 years ago, the pH values of the soil greatly decreased in comparison to the initial value. The following ranges were observed in monoculture: 5.57-6.49 (pHH2O), 4.69-5.34 (pHKCl), in biculture: 5.22-6.62 (pHH2O) and 4.36-5.68 (pHKCl), and in triculture: 5.46-6.29 (pHH2O), and 4.56-5.24 (pHKCl). Hydrolytic acidity values (mono y1 = 7.75-14.75, bi y1 = 11.50-23.00, tri y1 = 10.13-18.38) showed strong soil acidity. In the long-term experiment, a moderate (0.512xx, LSD0.01=xx) correlation between fertilisation and yield and a moderate (0.397xx) correlation between crop rotation and yield could be established on Chernozem. A moderately negative (pHH2O = -0.594xx, pHKCl = -0.543xx) correlation was found between the yield and pH values, while a moderately positive (y1 = 0.409xx) correlation was found between the hydrolytic acidity and yield. Keywords: soil acidification, buffer capacity, soil fertility, Zea mays L Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 453-459 Volume: 67 Issue: 8 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/115/2021-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/115/2021-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202108-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:67:y:2021:i:8:id:115-2021-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Liang Feng Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, P.R. China Author-Name: Wenting Yang Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, P.R. China Author-Name: Quan Zhou Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, P.R. China Author-Name: Haiying Tang Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, P.R. China Author-Name: Qiaoying Ma Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, P.R. China Author-Name: Guoqin Huang Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, P.R. China Author-Name: Shubin Wang Title: Effects of interspecific competition on crop yield and nitrogen utilisation in maize-soybean intercropping system Abstract: Intercropping system plays a crucial role in improving crop yield, nitrogen utilisation efficiency (NUE) and economic benefit. The difference in crop yield and interspecific relationship under different bandwidth and row ratio allocation patterns are still unclear. A field experiment was carried out to explore change regularities between crop yield and interspecific relationships under maize soybean intercropping with different bandwidths and row ratios. The results showed that the yield of intercropped crops was lower than that of the sole crop. The nitrogen accumulation (NA), NUE and nitrogen competition ratio was the highest under the intercropping mode with a bandwidth of 2.0 m, which indicated that this mode was more conducive to the N uptake and utilisation in crops. In all intercropping systems, nitrogen equivalent ratio (NER) and land equivalent ratio (LER) were all greater than one, indicating that intercropping systems were conducive to improving land utilisation efficiency and NUE. Under the same bandwidth pattern, expanding the maize soybean row ratio from 2:4 to 3:4 was beneficial to the improvement of LER, NER, NUE, crop group yield. In conclusion, it was preferable in the NA, NUE, crop group yield under the system of bandwidth 2.0 m and row ratio 2:2, which could be a reference for maize soybean intercropping system. Keywords: Zea mays L., Glycine max L., rowing spacing, biodiversity, nutrient use efficiency Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 460-467 Volume: 67 Issue: 8 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/665/2020-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/665/2020-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202108-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:67:y:2021:i:8:id:665-2020-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wacław Jarecki Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Production, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszów, Poland Author-Name: Justyna Wietecha Author-Workplace-Name: Łukasieiwcz Research Network - Institute of Biopolymers and Chemical Fibres, Łódź, Poland Title: Effect of seed coating on the yield of soybean Glycine max (L.) Merr. Abstract: Enhanced seeds, e.g. dressed, encrusted or pelleted seeds, are often sown in agricultural practice. These treatments play a different role depending on the type and chemical composition of the preparation. The aim of the experiment was to compare the effectiveness of three coatings (B - chitosan, C - chitosan + alginate/jojoba oil/E and D - chitosan + alginate/PEG) applied to soybean seeds in comparison to control (A). The study was carried out in three cultivars: Annushka, Mavka and Smuglyanka. The coatings did not differentiate seed yield in 2018 due to favourable weather conditions. The use of coating D in the following years increased seed yield by 0.46 t/ha in 2019 and by 0.51 t/ha in 2020 compared to control. The obtained results allow concluding that coating D was the most effective in soybean cultivation. The field emergence capacity, plant density as well as the SPAD (soil plant analysis development) and LAI (leaf area index) indices were significantly increased compared to control as a result of this coating application. The gs index (stomatal leaf conductance) was significantly reduced. The cv. Smuglyanka yields were significantly higher compared to cvs. Mavka and Annushka, by 0.32 t/ha and 0.85 t/ha, respectively. The difference in seed yield between 2018 and 2019 was 0.81 t/ha. Keywords: abiotic stress, sowing seeds, active ingredient, seed germination, plant condition, yield components Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 468-473 Volume: 67 Issue: 8 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/246/2021-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/246/2021-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202108-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:67:y:2021:i:8:id:246-2021-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Daojarus Ketrot Author-Name: Worachart Wisawapipat Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand Title: Lead immobilisation in mining contaminated soil using biochar and ash from sugarcane Abstract: Immobilisation of lead (Pb) and toxic elements in contaminated soils is of importance due to their persistence in the environment. Herein, we investigated the effects of sugarcane filter cake biochar (SFCB) and sugarcane bagasse ash (SBA) on the extractability of Pb and some toxic and potentially toxic elements (As, Cd, Cu, and Zn) in polluted mine soil samples from Lower Klity Creek, Thailand. The soil was equilibrated with the SFCB and SBA at the respective rates of 0, 1, and 5% (w/w) for 120 days at field capacity. The results revealed that both SFCB and SBA materials significantly (P < 0.05) decreased Pb extractability in the studied soil, and it stabilised after 56 days of incubation. At 120 days, the SFCB and SBA application at the rates of 5% SFCB, 5% SBA, 1% SFCB, and 1% SBA decreased the extractable Pb contents by 50.35, 40.81, 29.42, and 19.27%, respectively, compared to unamended soil. The SFCB and SBA materials also improved soil chemical properties by increasing the soil pH, available phosphorus, and extractable sulfur. At 5%, SFCB decreased As extractability and increased organic carbon in the studied soil. The Zn availability in the studied soil was also improved by SFCB and SBA addition. This study highlights the potential use of biochar and ash from the sugarcane industry to stabilise Pb and As in contaminated soils. Keywords: Saccharum officinarum L., heavy metal, pollution, soil amendment, trace element Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 474-481 Volume: 67 Issue: 8 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/57/2021-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/57/2021-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202108-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:67:y:2021:i:8:id:57-2021-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alexander Komissarov Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Real Estate Cadastre and Geodesy, Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Education "Bashkir State Agrarian University", Ufa, Russia Author-Name: Mikhail Komissarov Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Soil Science, Ufa Institute of Biology UFRC RAS, Ufa, Russia Author-Name: Irek Minniakhmetov Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Real Estate Cadastre and Geodesy, Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Education "Bashkir State Agrarian University", Ufa, Russia Author-Name: Oleg Lykasov Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Real Estate Cadastre and Geodesy, Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Education "Bashkir State Agrarian University", Ufa, Russia Author-Name: Julia Afanasyeva Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Pharmacology with Clinical Pharmacology Course, Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Education "Bashkir State Medical University", Ufa, Russia Title: Effect of sprinkler irrigation on the properties of leached chernozem and the yield of Bromopsis inermis Leyss. in the Southern Cis-Ural Abstract: The paper examines the effect of the long-term (10 years) low-intensity sprinkler irrigation on the properties of leached chernozem soils covered with Bromopsis inermis Leyss. (BIL) stands in the Southern Cis-Ural forest-steppe. The study analysed changes in the soil's agrophysical and chemical properties. As a result of long-term irrigation, the humus horizon (A + AB) thickness increased by 16 ± 3 cm; the organic carbon (Corg) content and nutrients decreased in this rooting zone, in particular, Corg by 0.3%, available phosphorus by 24.8 mg/kg, exchangeable potassium by 18.4 mg/kg and the stock of Corg by 16 t/ha. The particle size distribution of irrigated soil did not significantly changed; some changes were observed for the soil's aggregate composition. The soil's hydrophysical properties, water and air regime worsened. Keywords: harvests, natural moisture, perennial grass, drought, water regime, watering Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 482-489 Volume: 67 Issue: 8 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/614/2020-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/614/2020-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202108-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:67:y:2021:i:8:id:614-2020-PSE