Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Muhammad Tamoor Qureshi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan Author-Name: Muhammad Faizan Ahmad Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan Author-Name: Nasir Iqbal Author-Workplace-Name: School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, Australia Author-Name: Hasnain Waheed Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan Author-Name: Sajad Hussain Author-Workplace-Name: College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China Author-Name: Marián Brestič Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Adeel Anjum Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan Author-Name: Ijaz Rasool Noorka Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan Title: Agronomic bio-fortification of iron, zinc and selenium enhance growth, quality and uptake of different sorghum accessions Abstract: Agronomic bio-fortification is one of the main approaches for mitigation of micronutrient shortage in human populations and endorses sustainable production of food and feed. Studies related to agronomic bio-fortification of crops are mainly focused on single or rarely two micronutrients application, and no attempt has made to study the combined effect of zinc (Zn), iron (Fe) and selenium (Se) on forage sorghum. Therefore, this research was accomplished to evaluate the effect of Zn, Fe and Se bio-fortification on diverse sorghum accessions. The field experiments were conducted in a randomised complete block design with a split-plot arrangement. The treatments comprised of Zn (10 mg/L as ZnSO4∙5H2O), Fe (7 mg/L as FeSO4∙7H2O), Se (3 mg/L as SeSO4) and CK (control) were applied to five sorghum accessions: G1 (Y-16), G2 (YSH-166), G3 (YSH-134), G4 (YSS-98) and G5 (YSH-132). According to our results, the sorghum accession G5 showed superiority over all other accessions and produced maximum values of all growth and quality traits except grains number per panicle and 1 000-grain weight. All applied micronutrients (Zn, Fe and Se) enhanced the growth, quality and uptake of nutrients in sorghum accessions. However, Se recorded the highest plant height, stem diameter, 1 000-grain weight and Zn produced the maximum protein, oil and starch contents. Conclusively, it can be concluded that G5 with Se must be used to achieve the optimum values of agronomic traits, while G5 with Zn found more effective to improve the quality traits of sorghum. Keywords: Sorghum bicolor L. Moench, deficiency, malnutrition, bioavailability, phytate Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 549-557 Volume: 67 Issue: 10 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/137/2021-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/137/2021-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202110-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:67:y:2021:i:10:id:137-2021-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yu Liu Author-Workplace-Name: Coastal Salinity Tolerant Grass Engineering and Technology Research Center, Ludong University, Yantai, P.R. China Author-Name: Chunxiang Hao Author-Workplace-Name: College of Pharmacy, Linyi University, Linyi, P.R. China Author-Name: Guangyang Wang Author-Workplace-Name: Coastal Salinity Tolerant Grass Engineering and Technology Research Center, Ludong University, Yantai, P.R. China Author-Name: Qian Li Author-Workplace-Name: College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, P.R. China Author-Name: An Shao Author-Workplace-Name: Coastal Salinity Tolerant Grass Engineering and Technology Research Center, Ludong University, Yantai, P.R. China Title: Exogenously spermidine alleviates damage from drought stress in the photosystem II of tall fescue Abstract: Drought stress is one of the major limiting factors to crop productivity around the globe. It has been well documented that spermidine (Spd) plays an important key role in plant growth and development, especially in the defense response to stress. The objective of this study was to explore the effect of Spd on protecting photosynthetic apparatus in tall fescue under drought stress. Spd application significantly improved the OJIP (fluorescence rise kinetics O-J-I-P) curve compared to non-Spd application during drought. Exogenous Spd exhibited higher FJ (fluorescence value at the J-step (2 ms) of OJIP) and FP (maximal recorded fluorescence intensity, at the peak P of OJIP) than non-Spd application. Moreover, normalised total complementary area (Sm) and the number of QA (primary quinone acceptor of PS II) reduction events (N) significantly reduced after the application of Spd in tall fescue under drought stress. In terms of quantum yields and efficiencies and specific energy fluxes, exogenous Spd notably decreased the values of efficiency of electron transfer from QB (secondary quinone acceptor of PS II) to PSI acceptors (δR0), absorption flux per RC (ABS/RC) and trapping flux per RC (TR0/RC) compared to the non-Spd application without watering. All the above suggested that exogenous Spd facilitated the photosynthetic system of tall fescue in drought. These observations involved in the electron transport capacity of photosystem II assist in understanding better the protective role of exogenous Spd in tall fescue under drought stress. Keywords: abiotic stresses, plant growth regulator, Festuca arundinacea Schreb., chlorophyll a fluorescence transient Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 558-566 Volume: 67 Issue: 10 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/236/2021-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/236/2021-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202110-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:67:y:2021:i:10:id:236-2021-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Enda Zhou Author-Workplace-Name: Collegeof Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Name: Mingchuan Gou Author-Workplace-Name: Collegeof Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Name: Bo Yu Author-Workplace-Name: Collegeof Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Name: Chao Sun Author-Workplace-Name: Collegeof Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Name: Jiali He Author-Workplace-Name: Collegeof Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Fruit Quality Development and Regulation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China Author-Name: Sijun Qin Author-Workplace-Name: Collegeof Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Fruit Quality Development and Regulation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China Author-Name: Deguo Lyu Author-Workplace-Name: Collegeof Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Fruit Quality Development and Regulation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China Title: Effects of mowing dominant grasses on root exudation and soil nitrogen cycling in a natural sod culture apple orchard Abstract: We evaluated the effects of mowing dominant grasses on root exudation and soil nitrogen (N) cycling by assessing metabolomics analysis of root exudates, microbial metabolism, the abundance of N-cycling-related prokaryotes, and different forms of N concentrations in soil. The treatments included Polygonum aviculare L. mowing (T1), Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. mowing (T2), and no mowing as the controls (CK1 and CK2). The results showed that compared with the no mowing control (CK1 and CK2), T1 and T2 root exudates contained 223 (178 up-regulated, 45 down-regulated) and 183 (40 up-regulated, 143 down-regulated) differential metabolites, respectively. The average well colour development (AWCD) could reflect the microbial metabolic activity. The AWCD values of T1 were increased while that of T2 decreased on the 2nd day after mowing. The variation in root exudates was the main reason for the change in soil AWCD values and carbon utilisation of T1 and T2 on the 2nd day after mowing. Mowing increased soil microbial biomass N content significantly in the T1 and T2 topsoil. The NO3--N and NH4+-N contents in the 0-10 cm soil increased on the 2nd day after T1 mowing with an increase in the nitrogenase iron protein gene (nifH), glutamate dehydrogenase gene (gdh), ammonia monooxygenase gene (amoA) of ammonia-oxidising archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidising bacteria (AOB) abundance. However, NO3--N content decreased on the 2nd day after T2 mowing following a decrease in AOA-amoA and AOB-amoA gene abundance. The results of this study will facilitate the optimisation of sod culture orchard N management, reduction of N fertiliser input, and improvement of N utilisation efficiency. Keywords: orchard cover cultivation, mowing management, root exudates component, soil nitrogen transformation, soil microbial metabolism Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 567-578 Volume: 67 Issue: 10 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/65/2021-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/65/2021-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202110-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:67:y:2021:i:10:id:65-2021-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Matěj Satranský Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Adéla Fraňková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Perla Kuchtová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Kateřina Pazderů Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Ivana Capouchová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Oil content and fatty acid profile of selected poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) landraces and modern cultivars Abstract: The oil content and fatty acid composition were determined in the seed of 19 poppy genotypes (both landraces and modern cultivars) grown in three-year field trials. The total oil content ranged from 34.56-44.76%. The oil content in white-seeded genotypes (40.73-44.76%) exceeded the oil content in blue-seeded genotypes (34.56-40.34%) and ocher-seeded genotypes (38.36-42.69%). Linoleic acid (71.41-74.02%), oleic acid (12.35-15.51%) and palmitic acid (8.95-10.29%) were the most abundant fatty acids in the evaluated seeds of poppy genotypes. A significant negative correlation (-0.7574**) was found between linoleic and oleic fatty acids. The sum of polyunsaturated (PUFA), monounsaturated (MUFA) and saturated (SFA) fatty acids ranged from 72.43-74.91%, 12.90-16.14% and 10.99-12.46% of the total fatty acids, respectively. Both the total oil content and the content of individual fatty acids were mainly affected by the crop year (weather conditions); however, the effect of genotype and year × genotype interaction was also significant. Due to the favourable composition of fatty acids, the evaluated poppy genotypes can be a good source of nutritionally valuable oil. Keywords: linoleic acid, oleic acid, human nutrition, tempratures, rainfalls Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 579-587 Volume: 67 Issue: 10 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/316/2021-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/316/2021-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202110-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:67:y:2021:i:10:id:316-2021-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Futao Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: National Observation Station of Hailun Agroecology System, Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: Yunfa Qiao Author-Workplace-Name: Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Name: Xiaozeng Han Author-Workplace-Name: National Observation Station of Hailun Agroecology System, Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, P.R. China Author-Name: Bin Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: National Observation Station of Hailun Agroecology System, Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Title: Variation of soil organic matter depends on light-fraction organic matter under long-term monocropping of different crops Abstract: Cultivating crops influences soil organic matter (SOM), but the effect of different crops remains unclear, particularly under long-term monocropping. The objective of this study was to identify how different crops influence the content and chemical structures of SOM under long-term monocropping. Here, soils were sampled (0-20 cm) under 27-year soybean and maize monocropping and separated into different physical fractions. The content and chemical structures of SOM in all fractions were determined. SOM contents were higher under soybean than maize in bulk soil and macroaggregates and their light-fractions instead of microaggregates and silt and clay. The difference in SOM chemical structure was observed in aggregates and density fractions rather than bulk soils and supported by the result of principal component analysis. The proportion of O-alkyl C in macro- and microaggregates and all free light fractions and that of aromatic C in mineral-associated fractions were higher, while that of carbonyl C was lower under maize than soybean. These results demonstrated that different crops monocropping influences the content and chemical structures of SOM, and the variations were mainly in the light-fraction SOM and highlight a higher sensitivity of physical fractions than bulk soil to different crops. Keywords: Mollisol, crop species, chemical stability, farmland, carbon turnover Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 588-599 Volume: 67 Issue: 10 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/350/2021-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/350/2021-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202110-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:67:y:2021:i:10:id:350-2021-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Danilo Bevk Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Organisms and Ecosystems Research, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia Author-Name: Janez Prešern Author-Workplace-Name: Animal Production Department, Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia Title: Pollinators communities differ across years and crops Abstract: Insect pollination is one of the most important ecosystem services. Pollinator communities are rarely studied across years and crops in the same location. The aim of this study was to investigate the pollinator community structure on five different fruit crops, as well as the activity of different pollinator groups during the day and their temperature preferences. Pollinator activity was observed across two years on apple trees and blueberry, strawberry, blackcurrant and raspberry bushes. Pollinator community structure varied by plant and year. Honeybees were the most numerous pollinators on all plants except blueberry bushes (39-95% of visits). Bumblebee numbers were high on blackcurrant (up to 28%) and blueberry bushes (up to 61%). Solitary bees visited all plants except blueberries. Honeybees, solitary bees, and hoverflies were most active in the middle of the day, while bumblebees became active earlier in the morning and remained active later in the evening. Pollinators also differed greatly in their temperature preferences. This knowledge gained is necessary for less harmful pesticide application management and the development of more sustainable agriculture to maintain pollinator diversity and thus reliable pollination in extreme weather conditions. Keywords: fruit pollination, agroecology, biodiversity, wild bees, conservation Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 600-607 Volume: 67 Issue: 10 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/225/2021-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/225/2021-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202110-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:67:y:2021:i:10:id:225-2021-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tomáš Hovorka Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Integrated Crop Protection against Pests, Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Pavel Saska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Function of Invertebrate and Plant Biodiversity in Agrosystems, Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jitka Stará Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Integrated Crop Protection against Pests, Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: František Kocourek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Integrated Crop Protection against Pests, Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Attractiveness of oilseed rape cultivars to Brassicogethes aeneus and Ceutorhynchus obstrictus as a potential control strategy Abstract: The abundances of two pests, pollen beetle (Brassicogethes aeneus (Fabricius, 1775)) and cabbage seed weevil (Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Marsham, 1802)), were measured before flowering and in the full bloom of oilseed rape cultivars with different phenologies (two yellow-flowering: DK Exssence (the earliest), DK Sensei (the latest) and one white-flowering in time between yellow-flowering cultivars), and the differences in their abundance in the selected cultivars were determined in plot experiments during 2015-2018. No significant differences in pollen beetle and cabbage seed weevil occurrence were observed between the cultivars in the pre-flowering period, but during flowering, the two yellow-flowering cultivars were more attractive than the white-flowering cultivar for both pests. In the white-flowering cultivar, 57% and 69% reductions in the pollen beetle and cabbage seed weevil populations, respectively, were found relative to the two with yellow flowers. Thus, the use of white-flowering cultivar (less attractive, later flowering) as the main crop and the yellow-flowering cultivar (more attractive, earlier flowering) at field edges, with the width of the one-track line, could serve as a strategy to manage oilseed rape pests during flowering. This control strategy which combines more and less attractive oilseed rape cultivars may contribute to a reduction in the use of pesticides and their negative impact on the environment. Keywords: Brassica napus L., push-pull strategy, pest management, insecticide, trap crops Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 608-615 Volume: 67 Issue: 10 Year: 2021 File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/artkey/pse-202110-0007_attractiveness-of-oilseed-rape-cultivars-to-brassicogethes-aeneus-and-ceutorhynchus-obstrictus-as-a-potential-c.php File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202110-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:67:y:2021:i:10:id:367-2021-PSE