Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Meng Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Soil and Fertiliser, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Yanling Liu Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Soil and Fertiliser, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Quanquan Wei Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Soil and Fertiliser, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Lingling Liu Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Soil and Fertiliser, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Jiulan Gou Title: Biochar-based fertiliser improved the yield, quality and fertiliser utilisation of open field tomato in karst mountainous area Abstract: Biochar-based fertiliser (BF) is beneficial to improve yield and quality, but the effect of BF on open field tomato remains unclear, especially in karst mountainous areas. The objective of this study was to identify the application effect and optimum application rate of BF. A field experiment was carried out in Southwestern China from 2019 to 2020 to study the effects of different application amounts of BF on the yield, quality, nutrients accumulation and fertiliser utilisation of open field tomatoes. The results showed that compared with the traditional fertilisation practice, BF can significantly increase the yield of open field tomato by 5-9% (2019) and 12-23% (2020), and significantly reduce nitrate content and increase vitamin C content of fruits. Meanwhile, nutrient accumulations, agronomic efficiency, and recovery efficiency of BF treatments were all significantly improved. In conclusion, the BF rate of 2 326 kg/ha improves yield and fertiliser utilisation in open-field tomatoes and could be recommended for tomato production in karst mountainous areas. Keywords: potential productivity, nutritive value, nutrient uptake, fertiliser management strategies Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 163-172 Volume: 68 Issue: 4 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.17221/471/2021-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/471/2021-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202204-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:68:y:2022:i:4:id:471-2021-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alireza Kazemi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Sciences, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran Author-Name: Mehran Hoodaji Title: Soil residues of sulfosulfuron herbicide in wheat field determined by bioassay and laboratory methods Abstract: Although herbicides are used for weed control in the field, their residues can have unfavourable environmental impacts. The objective was to determine the sulfosulfuron herbicide residues in wheat field soil using bioassay and laboratory (HPLC) methods. The two-year experiment was a randomised complete-block design (RCBD) with three replicates using herbicide at control, recommended (26.6 g/ha, D1) and doubled (53.2 g/ha, D2) rates. Soil samples (0-10 cm) were collected randomly at intervals ranging from 0 to 125 days after spraying. Greenhouse experiments (bioassay method) with eight plant species indicated garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) and corn (Zea mays L.) as the most and the least sensitive ones, respectively. The herbicide residues were stable at D1 up to 90 days after herbicide use, at 1.41 and 0.52 μg/kg in 2019 and 2020, respectively. However, 125 days after herbicide use no residues were observed. With time and for both treatments, soil herbicide residues decreased or the percentage of herbicide loss increased. The sensitivity of HPLC method to detect the herbicide residues was less than the bioassay method. The three-parameter sigmoid equation indicated the mean of DT50 for D1, averaged for the two years it was 19 days. Keywords: herbicide persistence, model fitting, plant sensitivity Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 173-179 Volume: 68 Issue: 4 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.17221/433/2021-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/433/2021-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202204-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:68:y:2022:i:4:id:433-2021-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Krystyna Zarzecka Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Agriculture and Horticulture, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland Author-Name: Marek Gugała Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Agriculture and Horticulture, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland Author-Name: Iwona Mystkowska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Dieteties, Pope John Paul II State School of Higher Education in Biała Podlaska, Biała Podlaska, Poland Author-Name: Anna Sikorska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agriculture, Vocational State School of Ignacy Mościcki, Ciechanów, Poland Author-Name: Łukasz Domański Author-Workplace-Name: Instituteof Agriculture and Horticulture, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland Title: Glycoalkaloids in leaves and potato tubers depending on herbicide application with biostimulants Abstract: The aim of the study was to determine the influence of herbicide application with biostimulants on total glycoalkaloid (TGA) content in potato leaves and tubers. The study was based on a two-factor field experiment established in a split-plot arrangement in three replications. The factors were as follows: factor I - two cultivars of edible potato - Oberon and Malaga; factor II - five methods of using herbicide and biostimulants: 1. control object; 2. herbicide clomazone + metribuzin (Avatar 293 ZC); 3. herbicide clomazone + metribuzin and biostimulant PlonoStart; 4. herbicide clomazone + metribuzin and biostimulant Aminoplant; 5. herbicide clomazone + metribuzin and biostimulant Agro-Sorb Folium. The herbicide clomazone + metribuzin significantly increased the concentration of glycoalkaloids in potato leaves, and the herbicide used together with the biostimulant Aminoplant significantly reduced the content of TGA in potato leaves compared to the control. The herbicide whether applied with the biostimulants (PlonoStart, Aminoplant, Agro-Sorb Folium) contributed to a reduction in the concentration of glycoalkaloids in tubers compared to the control. Leaves and tubers of the cultivar Malaga were characterised by a significantly lower TGA content than the cultivar Oberon. Keywords: Solanum tuberosum L., tuberous crop, natural toxin, anti-weed preparation Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 180-185 Volume: 68 Issue: 4 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.17221/52/2022-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/52/2022-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202204-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:68:y:2022:i:4:id:52-2022-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yan Jiang Author-Workplace-Name: Collegeof Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Name: Xiulan Ma Author-Workplace-Name: Collegeof Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Name: Bo Wang Author-Workplace-Name: Collegeof Information Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China Xiulan Ma and Bo Wang have equally contributed to this work. Author-Name: Bingbing Jiang Author-Workplace-Name: Collegeof Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Name: Weikai Wang Author-Workplace-Name: Collegeof Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Name: Yujun Wang Author-Workplace-Name: Collegeof Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Name: Chendong Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Collegeof Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China Title: Effects of environmental factors on phosphorus adsorption capacity and release risk in lake sediments Abstract: Sediment is an important part of the lake and reservoir ecosystem, and also an important "source" and "sink" of pollutants. In this paper, sediment A (Xinlicheng Reservoir Sediments), sediment B (eutrophic lake reservoir sediments) and soil C (topsoil at the inflow of Yitong River near Xinlicheng Reservoir) are used as research objects, and batch experiments are used to study the adsorption capacity and release risk of phosphorus (P). The results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity of the adsorbent for phosphorus accounted for 91.51-99.63% of the total adsorption capacity within 0-120 min; when the background liquid phosphorus concentration is lower, soil and sediment all have different degrees of phosphorus release. By this time soil and sediment is the "source" of pollutants; when the phosphorus concentration is 10 mg/L, the maximum adsorption capacity is 116.19-428.91 mg/kg, and the adsorption capacity of sediment A is 2.41 times and that of soil C and sediment B, respectively. 3.69 times, indicating that if phosphorus enters the water body from the soil due to surface runoff and other factors, the sediment has a strong adsorption capacity for phosphorus, that is, soil and sediment is an effective "sink" of phosphorus; the Henry equation is used to fit the P adsorption isotherm effect. Preferably, and r is greater than 0.968. The amount of phosphorus absorbed by sediment A and sediment B is affected by pH higher than that of soil C. When the value of pH is 7, the adsorption amount is the largest; the P induced lake eutrophication risk index (ERI) of sediment A, sediment B and soil C is sediment B > soil C > sediment A. As the temperature of sediment and soil rises, the ERI index of phosphorus gradually decreases. Keywords: phosphorus sorption index, phosphorus form, pollution, adsorption characteristics of phosphorus, aquatic ecosystem Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 186-194 Volume: 68 Issue: 4 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.17221/41/2022-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/41/2022-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202204-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:68:y:2022:i:4:id:41-2022-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Barbora Jankovičová Author-Name: Miroslav Hutňan Author-Workplace-Name: Slovak University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Marianna Nagy Czölderová Author-Workplace-Name: Slovak University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Kristína Hencelová Author-Workplace-Name: Slovak University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Zuzana Imreová Author-Workplace-Name: Slovak University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Title: Comparison of acid and alkaline pre-treatment of lignocellulosic materials for biogas production Abstract: This work deals with the study of a pre-treatment method promoting degradability of lignocellulosic biomass and hence biogas yield therefrom, as this material is challenging to decompose due to its structure. The investigated pre-treatment methods are hydrolysis of the material in NaOH (0.5% and 5%) and H2SO4 (0.5% and 5%) at temperatures of 90-100 °C for 2 h. This work aimed to compare the effects of these pre-treatment methods on the lignocellulosic composition of maize waste (maize stalks, leaves and cobs), rapeseed straw and wheat straw and the biogas yields from its subsequent anaerobic digestion. Pre-treatment by 0.5% NaOH increased the biogas production the most (by 159% for rapeseed straw, 240% for wheat straw and 59% for maize waste) also the degrees of solubilisation was higher, at the same time the proportions of total organic carbon (TOC) in the solid component appear to be sufficiently high, it could be assumed that there has been sufficient disturbance of the material structure. Alkaline methods have proven to be more suitable compared to acid pre-treatment methods, also the use of alkali with a lower concentration has shown to be more efficient, which is more advantageous for use in practice from an environmental and economic point of view. Keywords: agriculture, biogas potential, decomposition, methane, renewable energy source Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 195-204 Volume: 68 Issue: 4 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.17221/421/2021-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/421/2021-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202204-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:68:y:2022:i:4:id:421-2021-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ninghai Lu Author-Workplace-Name: Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, P.R. China Ninghai Lu, Limin Wu, Xiaoqing Zhang and Yanyan Zhang contributed equally to the article. Author-Name: Limin Wu Author-Workplace-Name: Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, P.R. China Ninghai Lu, Limin Wu, Xiaoqing Zhang and Yanyan Zhang contributed equally to the article. Author-Name: Xiaoqing Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, P.R. China Ninghai Lu, Limin Wu, Xiaoqing Zhang and Yanyan Zhang contributed equally to the article. Author-Name: Yanyan Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, P.R. China Ninghai Lu, Limin Wu, Xiaoqing Zhang and Yanyan Zhang contributed equally to the article. Author-Name: Changjuan Shan Title: Selenium improves the content of vitamin C in the fruit of strawberry by regulating the enzymes responsible for vitamin C metabolism Abstract: To investigate how sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) regulated the content of vitamin C (Vc) in strawberry fruit, we explored the effects of Na2SeO3 on the enzymes responsible for Vc metabolism. The findings showed that 10 mg/L Na2SeO3 improved the activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), glutathione reductase (GR), l-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase (GalLDH) at periods of young fruit (YFP), small fruit (SFP), middle fruit (MFP), large fruit (LFP), white fruit (WFP), colour-changed fruit (CFP) and ripen fruit (RFP). 30 mg/L Na2SeO3 improved the activities of APX, MDHAR, GR and GaILDH at YFP, LFP, WFP, CFP and RFP. 60 mg/L Na2SeO3 improved the activities of MDHAR, GR and GaILDH at all periods studied. In addition, 10 mg/L Na2SeO3 decreased the activity of ascorbate oxidase (AAO) at WFP and CFP. 30 mg/L Na2SeO3 decreased AAO activity at MFP, LFP, WFP and CFP. 60 mg/L Na2SeO3 decreased AAO activity at YFP, SFP, MFP, LFP, WFP and CFP. Meanwhile, all concentrations of Na2SeO3 significantly increased the contents of Vc and Se. Among different concentrations, 30 mg/L Na2SeO3 had better effects on the enzymes responsible for Vc metabolism, which further improved Vc content in strawberry fruit. Besides, all concentrations of Na2SeO3 increased fruit average weight, number of fruits per plant and fruit yield, compared with control. The above results indicated that Na2SeO3 could improve the content of Vc in fruit and fruit yield of strawberries, especially for 30 mg/L Na2SeO3. Keywords: trace element, enzymatic activity, nutritional quality, Fragaria × ananassa, fruit growth and development Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 205-211 Volume: 68 Issue: 4 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.17221/48/2022-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/48/2022-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202204-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:68:y:2022:i:4:id:48-2022-PSE