Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gabriela Mühlbachová Author-Name: Helena Kusá Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague 6 - Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Pavel Růžek Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague 6 - Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Radek Vavera Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague 6 - Ruzyně, Czech Republic Title: CO2 emissions in a soil under different tillage practices Abstract: CO2 emissions represent one of the greenhouse gases significantly affecting climate change. Reduced tillage practices can contribute to the mitigation of CO2 emissions from soils. The effect of tillage practices with different straw incorporation on CO2 emissions was studied in field experiments in the years 2020 and 2021. The winter wheat straw was used in 2020, and spring barley straw in 2021. Treatments were: (1) chiselling to 10-12 cm; (2) shallow chiselling (5-6 cm depth); (3) straw mulch, and (4) stubble. The chiselling to 10-12 cm in the warm summer period of 2020 increased the CO2 emissions from soils even twice in comparison with other used soil tillage practices. The soil temperature and CO2 emissions decreased in the following order: chiselling to 10-12 cm < shallow chiselling ≤ stubble ≤ mulch in 2020. Low CO2 emissions without significant differences among treatments were observed in the year 2021 when low soil temperatures and excessive soil water content filling soil pores caused by intensive precipitations (23 mm) coming shortly after soil tillage were observed. The CO2 emissions from soils are affected by a number of factors. Among them the current weather conditions as well as soil temperature the depth of soil tillage and handling of postharvest residues, are important. Keywords: stubble treatment, soil disturbance, carbon dioxide, soil humidity and temperature, crop debris Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 253-261 Volume: 68 Issue: 6 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.17221/110/2022-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/110/2022-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202206-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:68:y:2022:i:6:id:110-2022-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sándor Keszthelyi Author-Workplace-Name: Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kaposvár Campus, Institute of Agronomy, Kaposvár, Hungary Author-Name: Sándor Kadlicskó Author-Workplace-Name: Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Georgikon Campus, Institute of Plant Protection, Keszthely, Hungary Author-Name: György Pásztor Author-Workplace-Name: Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Georgikon Campus, Institute of Plant Protection, Keszthely, Hungary Author-Name: András Takács Author-Workplace-Name: Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Georgikon Campus, Institute of Plant Protection, Keszthely, Hungary Author-Name: Éva Szolcsányi Author-Workplace-Name: Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Georgikon Campus, Institute of Plant Protection, Keszthely, Hungary Author-Name: Ferenc Pál-Fám Author-Workplace-Name: Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kaposvár Campus, Institute of Agronomy, Kaposvár, Hungary Author-Name: Helga Lukács Author-Workplace-Name: Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kaposvár Campus, Institute of Agronomy, Kaposvár, Hungary Author-Name: Zsolt Pónya Author-Workplace-Name: Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kaposvár Campus, Institute of Agronomy, Kaposvár, Hungary Author-Name: Richárd Hoffmann Author-Workplace-Name: Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kaposvár Campus, Institute of Agronomy, Kaposvár, Hungary Author-Name: Kinga Rudolf Author-Workplace-Name: Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kaposvár Campus, Institute of Agronomy, Kaposvár, Hungary Author-Name: Tamás Sipos Author-Workplace-Name: Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kaposvár Campus, Institute of Agronomy, Kaposvár, Hungary Author-Name: Éva Piszker Author-Workplace-Name: Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kaposvár Campus, Institute of Agronomy, Kaposvár, Hungary Author-Name: Mónika Treitz Author-Workplace-Name: Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kaposvár Campus, Institute of Agronomy, Kaposvár, Hungary Author-Name: Ákos Mesterházy Author-Workplace-Name: Cereal Research Non-Profit Ltd., Szeged, Hungary Author-Name: Katalin Somfalvi-Tóth Author-Workplace-Name: Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kaposvár Campus, Institute of Agronomy, Kaposvár, Hungary Author-Name: Ildikó Jócsák Author-Workplace-Name: Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kaposvár Campus, Institute of Agronomy, Kaposvár, Hungary Author-Name: Gabriella Kazinczi Author-Workplace-Name: Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Georgikon Campus, Institute of Plant Protection, Keszthely, Hungary Title: Harvesting and phytosanitary parameters with particular regard to mycotoxin content of maize as a function of different seasonal, fertilisation and hybrid effect Abstract: The aim of our three consecutive years (2017-2019) field trial was to obtain information as to the effect of weather conditions of the actual year as well as to assess the impact of some technological parameters such as fertilisation, the choice on the hybrid type on the yield parameters, phytosanitary conditions and mycotoxin contamination of maize. According to our results, the climatic characteristics of the years, the examined hybrid characters (FAO 310 and 490) and the fact of N-fertilisation had significant effects on yield parameters and grain moisture content. The additional N-supply did not affect the development or severity of stem rot in any of the hybrid effects. In this respect, the year effect appeared to be the decisive factor since much higher stem rot values were recorded in the plots of the longer growing season hybrids. Among the mycotoxins examined, only zearalenone and fumonisin found in the harvest were significantly influenced by the effect of the year, the length of the growing season as well as nutrient replenishment. It can be stated that the applied technological parameters have a major effect on the expression of this toxin load in maize. Dry maize stocks that have lost their water in the vegetation are predisposing factors for toxin accumulation. N-content of soil and that of plants can play a different role in mycotoxin accumulation in maize plants. Keywords: field crop analysis, harvesting data, Zea mays L., phytopathological symptoms, environmental condition, ear mould diseases Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 262-271 Volume: 68 Issue: 6 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.17221/80/2022-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/80/2022-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202206-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:68:y:2022:i:6:id:80-2022-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zenghui Sun Author-Workplace-Name: Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Xi'an, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Collegeof Life Sciences, Yulin University, Yulin, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering, Ministry of Natural and Resources of China, Xi'an, P.R. China Author-Name: Ya Hu Author-Workplace-Name: Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Xi'an, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering, Ministry of Natural and Resources of China, Xi'an, P.R. China Author-Name: Lei Shi Author-Workplace-Name: Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Xi'an, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering, Ministry of Natural and Resources of China, Xi'an, P.R. China Author-Name: Gang Li Author-Workplace-Name: Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Xi'an, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering, Ministry of Natural and Resources of China, Xi'an, P.R. China Author-Name: Zhe Pang Author-Workplace-Name: Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Xi'an, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering, Ministry of Natural and Resources of China, Xi'an, P.R. China Author-Name: Siqi Liu Author-Workplace-Name: Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Xi'an, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering, Ministry of Natural and Resources of China, Xi'an, P.R. China Author-Name: Yamiao Chen Author-Workplace-Name: Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Xi'an, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering, Ministry of Natural and Resources of China, Xi'an, P.R. China Author-Name: Baobao Jia Author-Workplace-Name: Shaanxi Tourism Group Co., Ltd, Xi'an, P.R. China Title: Effects of biochar on soil chemical properties: A global meta-analysis of agricultural soil Abstract: Improved soil properties are commonly reported benefits of adding biochar to agriculture soils. To investigate the range of biochar's effects on soil chemical properties (e.g., soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), cation exchange capacity (CEC), soil organic carbon (SOC), soil total carbon (TC), and soil carbon-nitrogen ratio (C:N ratio)) in response to varied experimental conditions, a meta-analysis was conducted on previously published results. The results showed that the effect of biochar on soil chemical properties varied depending on management conditions, soil properties, biochar pyrolysis conditions, and biochar properties. The effect size (Hedges'd) of the biochar was greatest for SOC (0.50), the C:N ratio of soil (0.44), soil pH (0.39), TC (0.35), EC (0.21), and CEC (0.20). Among the various factors examined by aggregated boosted tree analysis, the effects of biochar on soil chemical properties were largely explained by the biochar application rate, initial soil pH, and soil sand content. In conclusion, our study suggests that improving soil chemical properties by adding biochar not only requires consideration of biochar application rates and chemical properties but also the local soil environmental factors, especially soil initial pH and sand content of the soil, should be considered. Keywords: charcoal, organic material, agricultural condition, soil chemistry, soil fertility Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 272-289 Volume: 68 Issue: 6 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.17221/522/2021-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/522/2021-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202206-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:68:y:2022:i:6:id:522-2021-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roland Gerhards Author-Workplace-Name: Weed Science Department, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany Author-Name: Miriam H. Messelhäuser Author-Workplace-Name: Weed Science Department, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany Author-Name: Bernd Sievernich Author-Workplace-Name: BASF SE, Limburgerhof, Germany Title: Suppressing Alopecurus myosuroides in winter cereals by delayed sowing and pre-emergence herbicides Abstract: Delayed sowing of winter cereals in Western Europe is a preventive method to reduce Alopecurus myosuroides infestations. Two series of on-farm studies including 36 experiments were conducted in South-Western Germany to analyse the combined effects of delayed sowing and pre-emergence herbicide application on A. myosuroides density, weed control efficacy and cereal grain yield. From 2006 until 2009, pendimethalin + flufenacet was applied one week after sowing winter barley and winter wheat. From 2018 until 2020, cinmethylin was used in winter wheat and winter triticale. Densities of A. myosuroides in the untreated early sown control plots amounted up to 1 233 plants/m2. Delayed sowing on average reduced densities by 43%. The mixture of pendimethalin + flufenacet in combination with delayed sowing controlled 87% of the A. myosuroides plants and increased cereal grain yields from 6.4 t/ha in the early sown untreated control to 7.9 t/ha. Cinmethylin in combination with delayed sowing resulted in 91% weed control efficacy and increased grain yields from 5.3 t/ha to 8.8 t/ha. Average grain yields of all delayed sowing treatments were 0.7 t/ha higher than in the early sown treatments. Therefore, delayed sowing combined with pre-emergence herbicide application is a cost-effective strategy of integrated weed management (IWM) in winter cereals reducing dependency on post-emergence herbicide use and mitigating the risk of herbicide resistance development. Keywords: preventive weed control, pest, monotonous crop rotation, cereal yield, blackgrass Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 290-298 Volume: 68 Issue: 6 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.17221/118/2022-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/118/2022-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202206-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:68:y:2022:i:6:id:118-2022-PSE