Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yan Qu Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education (Jilin University); Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Name: Guozhang Bao Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education (Jilin University); Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Name: Xinyu Pan Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education (Jilin University); Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Name: Jiancai Guo Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education (Jilin University); Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Name: Tong Xiang Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education (Jilin University); Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Name: Xinyu Fan Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education (Jilin University); Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Name: Xin Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Name: Yinan Yang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Name: Bairu Yan Author-Workplace-Name: Environmental Monitoring Center Station of Jilin Province, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Name: Hongwei Zhao Author-Workplace-Name: The Administration of Jingyu Water Conservation, Jingyu, Jilin Province, Jingyu, P.R. China Author-Name: Guomei Li Author-Workplace-Name: Yushu Forestry and Grassland Comprehensive Service Center, Yushu, P.R. China Title: Resistance of highland barley seedlings to alkaline salt and freeze-thaw stress with the addition of potassium fulvic acid Abstract: Crops are commonly subjected to freeze-thaw and salt stress factors simultaneously in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In the agricultural field, potassium fulvic acid can not only promote plant growth and increase crop yield but also enhance plant resistance to stress. In this study, the changes of osmotic adjustment substances, antioxidant enzyme activities and photosynthetic characteristics of barley seedlings under alkaline salt and freeze-thaw stress were investigated by laboratory simulation. The results showed that under single alkaline salt stress, the soluble protein content increased significantly (P < 0.05), and the malondialdehyde (MDA) content of seedlings increased by 63.1%; however, antioxidant enzymes activities and photosynthetic rate of barley seedlings decreased. Under combined stresses of alkaline salt and freeze-thaw, the soluble protein content, antioxidant enzyme activities, and photosynthetic rate of barley seedlings decreased; in contrast, the MDA content of seedlings increased. With the addition of potassium fulvic acid, the soluble protein content of seedlings increased, MDA content decreased significantly (P < 0.05), and enzyme activities tended to be stable. This study revealed that the addition of a proper amount of potassium fulvic acid could mitigate the damage of alkali salt and freeze-thaw stress on barley seedlings. Keywords: net photosynthesis rate, salinity, frost, Hordeum vulgare L., tolerance Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 299-308 Volume: 68 Issue: 7 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.17221/84/2022-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/84/2022-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202207-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:68:y:2022:i:7:id:84-2022-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mária Barboričová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Andrej Filaček Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Dominika Mlynáriková Vysoká Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Kristína Gašparovič Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Marek Živčák Author-Name: Marián Brestič Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Title: Sensitivity of fast chlorophyll fluorescence parameters to combined heat and drought stress in wheat genotypes Abstract: This study aimed to characterise the specific phenotypic responses and the sensitivity of photosynthetic parameters to progressive drought in modern wheat genotypes. In pot experiments, we tested eight wheat genotypes (Triticum sp.) that differed in ploidy level and country of origin. Water stress was simulated by the restriction of irrigation, which led to a decreased leaf relative water content of up to 70%. During gradual dehydration, changes in the structure and function of photosystem II (PSII) were analysed using the fluorescence parameters derived from fast fluorescence kinetics (OJIP transient). The results indicated that a group of JIP test-based parameters demonstrated sensitivity to drought, including genotype-specific responses. Severe drought stress led to a decrease in the photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), a reduction in the number of active PSII reaction centers (RC/ABS) and a decrease in parameters, indicating overall photochemical performance at the PSII level (performance indices PIabs and PItot). These findings demonstrate that the approaches used in our experiments were useful and reliable in monitoring the physiological responses of individual varieties of wheat exposed to stress conditions, and they have application potential as selection criteria in crop breeding. The contribution of the high-temperature effects on the photochemical responses under water deficit conditions is also discussed. Keywords: photosynthesis, non-invasive methods, stress tolerance, environmental constraints, crop physiology Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 309-316 Volume: 68 Issue: 7 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.17221/87/2022-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/87/2022-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202207-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:68:y:2022:i:7:id:87-2022-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Feihong Zhai Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biology, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong, P.R. China Author-Name: Tingliang Li Author-Workplace-Name: College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, P.R. China Author-Name: Xiaorui Qin Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biology, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong, P.R. China Author-Name: Xiaodong Zhao Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biology, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong, P.R. China Author-Name: Liwei Jiang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, P.R. China Author-Name: Yinghe Xie Author-Workplace-Name: College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, P.R. China Title: Effect of fertilisation on fungal community in topsoil of winter wheat field Abstract: Soil fungi played important roles in the maintenance of soil fertility and soil sustainable development. In this study, the effects of different fertilisers (i.e. bacterial fertiliser (BF), composed of organic matters and bacteria; mineral fertiliser (MF), composed of N, P and K) on soil fungi in wheat field were analysed. The results showed that the yield of winter wheat with BF was 4 788.52 kg/ha, which was significantly higher than that with term MF. Chao 1and Shannon indexes and principal coordinates analysis showed that fertilisation increased the richness of soil fungi to varying degrees and changed the fungal community structure of soil compared with no fertiliser control (NF). The soil fungal community was mainly composed of Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Mortierellomycota, with Ascomycota as the main species (62.67-65.08%). Compared with MF, the relative abundance of potential beneficial fungi Talaromyces in BF increased 4.44 times. Compared with no fertiliser control, the relative abundance of potential beneficial fungi Chrysosporium in BF increased 4.11 times. The abundance of potential soil pathogenic fungi (P < 0.01), like Stachybotrys, Acrocalymma, Achroiostachys, Arachnomyces and Setophoma, significantly decreased in BF treatment, which was beneficial to the maintenance of crop health and the sustainable development of the environment. Moreover, the network analysis showed that the interspecific relationship of soil fungi in BF was more intimate than MF and NF and fungi were inclined to adopt cooperative manner to adapt ecological niches in BF treatment. The improvement of wheat yield might be due to the optimisation of soil fungal community structure by applying BF, which strengthened the transformation of nutrients in soil, increased some biocontrol microorganism, and reduced the crop disease. The results explain the improvement of wheat yield by BF to a certain extent, and provided theoretical basis for high-yield cultivation of wheat. Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., microbial community, high-throughput sequencing, soil activity, nutrient cycling Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 317-327 Volume: 68 Issue: 7 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.17221/117/2022-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/117/2022-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202207-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:68:y:2022:i:7:id:117-2022-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rujie Lv Author-Workplace-Name: Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Soil Fertilizer and Resource Environment Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Author-Name: Yong Wang Author-Workplace-Name: Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, P.R. China Author-Name: Qiuju Wang Author-Workplace-Name: Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, P.R. China Author-Name: Yanhua Zeng Author-Workplace-Name: Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, P.R. China Author-Name: Qingyin Shang Author-Workplace-Name: Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, P.R. China Title: Residual effect of straw biochar on grain yield and yield attributes in a double rice cropping system of subtropical China Abstract: Biochar is considered as a soil amendment for enhancing crop productivity. However, limited information is available on the residual effect of biochar application on rice grain yield and yield attributes. In this study, a fixed field experiment was conducted in a double rice-cropping system from 2017 to 2019. The dynamics of rice grain yield and yield attributes were monitored in the six growing seasons with 0, 20, and 40 t/ha biochar application. The results showed that the averaged grain yields in the first four seasons were increased by 2.56-16.84% and 6.15-10.77% with 20 and 40 t/ha biochar application. The trend of increased grain yield in rice with biochar application during the first seasons was mainly attributable to an increase in total biomass, panicles per m2 and spikelets per panicle. Nonetheless, the grain yields in the sixth season were not influenced by biochar addition due to decreases in panicles per m2 and spikelets per panicle. Thus, it can be seen that the positive effects of biochar application on rice yield and yield attributes depend on the duration of biochar application. Keywords: straw biochar amendment, Oryza sativa L., crop residue, grain weight, multiple season Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 328-337 Volume: 68 Issue: 7 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.17221/147/2022-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/147/2022-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202207-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:68:y:2022:i:7:id:147-2022-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kamila Báťková Author-Name: Svatopluk Matula Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Water Resources, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Eva Hrúzová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Water Resources, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Markéta Miháliková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Water Resources, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Recep Serdar Kara Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Water Resources, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Cansu Almaz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Water Resources, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: A comparison of measured and estimated saturated hydraulic conductivity of various soils in the Czech Republic Abstract: The study aims to indirectly determine the saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks). The applicability of recently-published pedotransfer functions (PTFs) based on a machine learning approach has been tested, and their performance has been compared with well-known hierarchical PTFs (computer software Rosetta) for 126 soil data sets in the Czech Republic. The quality of estimates has been statistically evaluated in comparison with the measured Ks values; the root mean squared error (RMSE), the mean error (ME) and the coefficient of determination (R2) were considered. The eight tested models of PTFs were ranked according to the RMSE values. The measured results reflected high Ks variability between and within the study areas, especially for those areas where preferential flow occurred. In most cases, the tested PTFs overestimated the measured Ks values, which is documented by positive ME values. The RMSE values of the Ks estimate ranged on average from 0.5 (coarse-textured soils) to 1.3 (medium to fine-textured soils) for log-transformed Ks in cm/day. Generally, the models based on Random Forest performed better than those based on Boosted Regression Trees. However, the best estimates were obtained by Neural Network analysis PTFs in Rosetta, which scored for four best rankings out of five. Keywords: soil parameter, soil texture, soil property, prediction, comparative assessment Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 338-346 Volume: 68 Issue: 7 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.17221/123/2022-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/123/2022-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202207-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:68:y:2022:i:7:id:123-2022-PSE