Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Reza Esmaeili Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Horticultural Science and Agronomy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Author-Name: Rahim Mohammadian Author-Workplace-Name: Sugar Beet Seed Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organisation Author-Name: Hossein Heidari Sharif Abad Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Horticultural Science and Agronomy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Author-Name: Ghorban Noor Mohammadi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Horticultural Science and Agronomy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Title: Improving quantity and quality of sugar beet yield using agronomic methods in summer cultivation Abstract: The effect of agronomic factors on the amount of water consumption and its productivity in arid and semiarid regions is very important. This study was conducted to diagnose agronomical procedures for increasing the yield and water productivity of sugar beet in two years (2016 and 2017). The experimental factors were: sowing date (spring and summer), planting arrangement (25-50 cm and 40-50 cm, double rows with a distance of 25 cm or 40 cm and a distance between each double row of 50 cm), and plant density (90, 120 and 160 thousand plant/ha). In the second year, the harvesting date, which consisted of conventional (October) and delayed (November), was added to the experiment. High temperature during and immediately after planting decreased emergence on the summer sowing date. The uniformity of roots and irrigation water productivity (WPirrig) in spring crops was higher than those of summer crops; meanwhile, on the summer sowing date, water consumption declined by 27% (and the sugar yield decreased intensively by 44%). Furthermore, planting arrangements of 25-50 resulted in better plant establishment and eventually increased the number of final plants. Besides, increasing plant density improved the uniformity of plants root. Sowing in summer compared to spring reduced root and sugar yield on a conventional harvesting date by about 40%. After 25 days' delay in harvesting time on both sowing dates (by mean), root yield, sugar yield, and WPirrig, increased by about 14, 28 and 22%, respectively. In general, at moderate densities (about 120 000), planting arrangement 40-50 and at low densities (less than 90 000, which usually occurs on the summer sowing date), planting arrangement 25-50 is recommended to increase yield and WPirrig. Keywords: cultivation lines, growth period, plant population, sugar percentage, water productivity Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 347-357 Volume: 68 Issue: 8 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.17221/151/2022-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/151/2022-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202208-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:68:y:2022:i:8:id:151-2022-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ali Kaan Yetik Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey Author-Name: Burak Nazmi Candoğan Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Bursa Uludağ University, Title: Optimisation of irrigation strategy in sugar beet farming based on yield, quality and water productivity Abstract: Present experiments were conducted to determine the effects of different irrigation levels on yield, yield components and quality of drip-irrigated sugar beet under sub-humid conditions. Field experiments were conducted in the 2019 and 2021 growing seasons in the Bursa province of Turkey. Experiments were carried out in completely randomised blocks design with three replications. Irrigations were scheduled based on the replenishment of 100 (S1), 66 (S2), 33 (S3), and 0% (S4) of soil water depletion within the soil profile of 90 cm using 7-day irrigation intervals. In 2019, root yields varied between 29.32 (S4)-86.31 (S1) t/ha and sugar yields between 6.33-13.57 t/ha. In 2021, root yields varied between 26.18 (S4)-74.56 (S1) t/ha and sugar yields between 6.56-12.53 t/ha. Effects of different irrigation levels on investigated parameters were found to be significant (P < 0.01). The crop water consumption values were significantly related to root and sugar yields (P < 0.01). Based on present findings, S1 treatment was recommended to get the highest root and sugar yields. In case of limited water resources, S2 (33% water shortage) treatment with the highest water productivity and irrigation water productivity values could be recommended to ensure maximum efficiency from the applied irrigation water quantity. Keywords: deficit irrigation, Beta vulgaris L., crop evapotranspiration, sugar ratio, yield response factor Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 358-365 Volume: 68 Issue: 8 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.17221/234/2022-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/234/2022-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202208-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:68:y:2022:i:8:id:234-2022-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Milan Čížek Author-Name: Zuzana Komárková Author-Workplace-Name: Potato Research Institute Havlíčkův Brod, Ltd., Havlíčkův Brod, Czech Republic Title: Comparison of aeroponics and conventional system of production of potato mini-tubers in the conditions of the Czech Republic Abstract: Aeroponics would appear to have a number of potential attributes to make potato production more efficient. In a 3-year experiment, from 2019 to 2021, potatoes were grown in aeroponic units using two nutrient solutions as well as in a conventional polycarbonate greenhouse in a substrate. Potato cultivars Adéla, Zuza and Ornella were used in all experiment years. No statistically significant effect of nutrient solution or potato cultivar on the number and weight of tubers was found in the trial. However, the advantages of aeroponics over conventional technology were statistically proven. The number of tubers per plant in aeroponic units ranged from 2.4 (2019, cv. Adéla) to 41.0 (2021, cv. Zuza), while in the greenhouse, they ranged from 3.9 (2019, cv. Adéla) up to 12.6 (2021, cv. Adéla). The average weight of tubers in aeroponic units ranged between 2.0 g and 9.9 g per plant (2 to 10 successive harvests), and in the greenhouse, 22.7 g to 41.9 g per plant (single harvest). The influence of cultivar on the average weight of tubers within individual cultivation technology variants was statistically proven only for polycarbonate greenhouse: only one harvest after the end vegetation. Keywords: Solanum tuberosum L., soilless technology, nutrition, planting density, tissue culture Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 366-374 Volume: 68 Issue: 8 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.17221/164/2022-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/164/2022-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202208-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:68:y:2022:i:8:id:164-2022-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marek Kołodziejczyk Author-Name: Kamil Gwóźdź Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland Title: Effect of plant growth regulators on potato tuber yield and quality Abstract: The aim of the study conducted in 2019-2021 was to determine the effect of biostimulants and growth regulators on the yield size and structure, as well as the chemical composition of edible potato tubers. The cultivar evaluated was Vineta. Asahi SL, Kelpak SL, Aminoplant, Tytanit, gibberellic acid (GA3) and Moddus 250 EC were applied in potato cultivation. The application of biostimulants Asahi SL and Tytanit increased the total and marketable tuber yield, as well as the average tuber weight. Aminoplant had a beneficial effect only on the marketable yield, while Moddus 250 EC decreased tuber yield and mean tuber weight, especially under conditions of high rainfall. Biostimulant Asahi SL caused a decrease in the number of tubers formed, while gibberellic acid stimulated tuberisation. Both preparations increased the share of deformed tubers in the total yield. The effect of biostimulants and growth regulators on the formation of the chemical composition of potato tubers was multidirectional. Tytanit increased protein content in tubers, while the remaining preparations, with the exception of the growth regulator Moddus 250 EC, decreased the amount of this component. GA3 and Moddus 250 EC decreased the content of crude fibre and, in the case of Moddus 250 EC, also the content of mineral components. The highest concentration of nitrates (V) was characteristic for potato tubers treated with Asahi SL and the lowest for those treated with Moddus 250 EC. Keywords: Solanum tuberosum L., tuberous crop, biologically active substance, starch content, climate change Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 375-381 Volume: 68 Issue: 8 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.17221/215/2022-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/215/2022-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202208-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:68:y:2022:i:8:id:215-2022-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Silvena Boteva Boteva Author-Workplace-Name: Deparment of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", Sofia, Bulgaria Author-Name: Anelia Evgenieva Kenarova Author-Workplace-Name: Deparment of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", Sofia, Bulgaria Author-Name: Michaella Roumenova Petkova Author-Workplace-Name: Roumen Tsanev Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria Author-Name: Stela Stoyanova Georgieva Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Organic Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", Sofia, Bulgaria Author-Name: Christo Dimitrov Chanev Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Organic Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", Sofia, Bulgaria Author-Name: Galina Simeonova Radeva Author-Workplace-Name: Roumen Tsanev Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria Title: Soil enzyme activities after application of fungicide QuadrisR at increasing concentration rates Abstract: The study aimed to assess the effects of fungicide QuadrisR on activities of soil enzymes contributed to soil nutrient turnover. A batch laboratory experiment with QuadrisR-amended (0 mg/kg ds (dry soil) - 35.00 mg/kg ds) loamy sand soil was conducted, and shifts in soil physical environments and enzyme activities (beta-glucosidase, urease, acid and alkaline phosphatases, arylsulfatase and dehydrogenase) were evaluated on experimental days 1, 30, 60, 90 and 120. The results indicated that QuadrisR changed both soil properties and enzyme activities. The most sensitive environmental parameter to fungicide input was soil pH. The most suscaptable to QuadrisR enzymes were dehydrogenase and arylsulfatase, and the most resistant - urease. The mean overall dehydrogenase activity decreased by 33%, whereas the profile of arylsulfatase activity tended to permanent decrease over time. The general pattern of enzyme responses to QuadrisR was an immediate-early (days 1 - 30) decline of enzyme activities after fungicide application, except that of arylsulfatase. Beta-glucosidase manifested a temporal profile of steady-state stimulation under the lowest (2.90 mg/kg ds) and low sensitivity to the higher (14.65 mg/kg ds and 35.00 mg/kg ds) fungicide concentrations. Keywords: azoxystrobin, Cambisols, soil mesocosms, soil hydrolases, soil oxidoreductase Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 382-392 Volume: 68 Issue: 8 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.17221/127/2022-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/127/2022-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202208-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:68:y:2022:i:8:id:127-2022-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lalbiakdika Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany, Mizoram University, Tanhril, India Author-Name: F. Lalnunmawia Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany, Mizoram University, Tanhril, India Author-Name: H. Lalruatsanga Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany, Pachhunga University College, Aizawl, India Title: Allelopathic effect of common weeds on germination and seedling growth of rice in wetland paddy fields of Mizoram, India Abstract: Weed invasion of crops contested for environmental resources alongside releasing a certain chemical into the soil and thereby lowering yield potential. The possible allelopathic influence of aqueous extract from leaves and shoots of Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb., Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) P.H. Raven and Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Delarbe on germination and seedling growth of rice (Oryza sativa L.) was investigated in this study. To prepare the extract, powdered air-dried leaves and shoots of certain weeds were soaked in distilled water (1:10) for 24 h at room temperature, and a different dilution was made from the stock. Aqueous extracts from various plant parts were found to suppress seed germination and the development of rice seedlings. As the extract concentration increases, the intensity of inhibition on germination, shoot length, root length and dry matter reduction increases. The average percent inhibition (API) of leaf extract treatments, namely 8% and 10% A. philoxeroides, 8% and 10% L. octovalvis, and 10% P. hydropiper, was found to be greater than 45%. Shoot extracts containing 2% A. philoxeroides, 2% and 4% L. octovalvis, and 2% P. hydropiper have less than 15% average percent inhibition. According to the findings, different weeds contain allelochemicals of variable types and quantities, and different portions of the same weed have distinct effects on germination and rice seedling development. Keywords: final germination percentage, inhibitory effect, mean germination time, phytotoxin Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 393-400 Volume: 68 Issue: 8 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.17221/167/2022-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/167/2022-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202208-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:68:y:2022:i:8:id:167-2022-PSE