Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hongyan Sun Author-Workplace-Name: College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, P.R. China Author-Name: Xiaoyun Wang Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, P.R. China Author-Name: Jia Yu Author-Workplace-Name: College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, P.R. China Author-Name: Yifan Gao Author-Workplace-Name: College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, P.R. China Author-Name: Xianjun Liu Author-Workplace-Name: College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, P.R. China Author-Name: Xiaoxiao Wang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, P.R. China Author-Name: Xiaoli Wu Author-Workplace-Name: College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, P.R. China Title: Effects of exogenous glycinebetaine on cadmium-induced changes in photosynthetic performance, antioxidative metabolism and ATPase in cucumber seedlings Abstract: A hydroponic experiment was carried out to study the ameliorative effects of exogenous glycinebetaine (GB) upon cadmium (Cd) toxicity in cucumber seedlings. The results indicated that 50 μmol/L Cd stress decreased soil plant analysis development (SPAD) value, plant height, root length, seedling biomass, activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and ATPase in leaves, stems and roots; however, increased peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in all tissues, catalase (CAT) activities in stems/roots. Moreover, Cd stress also elevated leaf/root malondialdehyde (MDA), proline, phenols and flavonoid content in all cucumber tissues over the control. The supplementation of GB (Cd + GB) prominently alleviated Cd-induced growth inhibition and oxidative stress, increased SPAD value and stem ATPase, and improved photosynthetic performance compared with Cd treatment alone. Furthermore, external GB diminished leaf/root MDA accumulation and decreased leaf/root proline contents as well as phenols and flavonoid contents in all tissues. Meanwhile, exogenous GB counteracted Cd-induced alterations of certain antioxidant enzymes. For example, it brought all tissue POD and SOD activities and stem/root CAT activities down towards the control level and significantly increased APX activities, especially in leaves and stems. These data suggested the principal protective mechanism for the exogenous GB against Cd toxicity in cucumber seedlings is closely related to improved photosynthesis, diminished Cd-induced proline and MDA accumulation, enhanced ATPase as well as modulation of antioxidant enzymes. Keywords: ascorbate peroxidase, malondialdehyde, proline, superoxide dismutase, toxic elements, Cucumis sativus L Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 401-409 Volume: 68 Issue: 9 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.17221/141/2022-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/141/2022-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202209-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:68:y:2022:i:9:id:141-2022-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ondřej Douda Author-Workplace-Name: Divisionof Plant Health, Crop Research Institute Prague, Prague 6 - Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Miloslav Zouhar Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic Author-Name: Marie Maňasová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic Title: Effect of plant essential oils on the mortality of Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kühn, 1857) nematode under in vitro conditions Abstract: With the need to obtain new methods to protect seed material from Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kühn, 1857) nematodes, a study was conducted to evaluate the nematicidal effects of several plants' essential oils on the mortality of D. dipsaci. Tests were performed under in vitro conditions; a concentration of 2 000 ppm was tested, nematodes were added into diluted oils, and numbers of living/dead nematodes were scored after 4 and 24 h. The results show a significant effect of several plant essential oils on D. dipsaci mortality, with the highest efficacy found for oil from Cinnamomum cassia ((L.) J. Presl), with 100% mortality observed even after 4 h. Keywords: stem nematode, plant extract, pest management, crop protection Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 410-414 Volume: 68 Issue: 9 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.17221/92/2022-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/92/2022-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202209-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:68:y:2022:i:9:id:92-2022-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Matevž Likar Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia Author-Name: Blaž Stres Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia Author-Name: Denis Rusjan Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia Author-Name: Katarina Vogel-Mikuš Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia Author-Name: Marjana Regvar Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia Title: Grapevine leaf ionome is shaped by soil factors and plant age Abstract: The concept of terroir relates the sensory attributes of wines attributable to the environmental conditions of the grapevines, and therefore it represents an important descriptor of the connection between wines and their origins. In ongoing efforts to improve the monitoring and geochemical fingerprinting of grapevine products, knowledge of the variability of grapevine elemental compositions, and factors that have strong influences on this, can significantly improve the traceability of wines to their origins. Here, we demonstrate a strong connection of grapevine elemental composition to the micro-location of the individual vineyard, with an important contribution from the biotic soil factors. The differences in measured leaf elements appear to be more closely connected to the grapevine age than to the viticultural practice (biological vs. conventional). Soil microbial communities have a substantial impact on grapevine leaf elements, with differences seen between fungi and bacteria. Bacteria appear to be more closely related to the environment in vineyards than fungi, with changes in their interplay reflected in the elemental composition of the grapevines. Nevertheless, both microbial groups explain 15% to 17% of the variation in the grapevine leaf elements, making the soil fungal and bacterial communities critical factors in the terroir concept. Keywords: Vitis vinifera L., copper, biotic factor, mycorrhizal fungi, nutrient Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 415-423 Volume: 68 Issue: 9 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.17221/22/2022-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/22/2022-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202209-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:68:y:2022:i:9:id:22-2022-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bangliang Deng Author-Workplace-Name: JiangxiProvincial Key Laboratory for Restoration of Degraded Ecosystems and Watershed Ecohydrology, College of Water Conservancy and Ecological Engineering, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Silviculture, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, P.R. China Author-Name: Fangfang Shen Author-Workplace-Name: JiangxiProvincial Key Laboratory for Restoration of Degraded Ecosystems and Watershed Ecohydrology, College of Water Conservancy and Ecological Engineering, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, P.R. China Author-Name: Xiaomin Guo Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Silviculture, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, P.R. China Author-Name: Evan Siemann Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, USA Author-Name: Ling Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Silviculture, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, P.R. China Title: Urease inhibitor and biochar independently affected N2O emissions from Camellia oleifera soils Abstract: Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a long-lived greenhouse gas that impacts climate change. Agricultural soils with intensive nitrogen (N) application are the main source of N2O emissions. Reducing N2O emissions from N-fertilised soils is, therefore, important for climate change mitigation. The application of urease inhibitor and/or biochar provides the potential for mitigating N2O emissions. However, the interactive effect of urease inhibitor and biochar on N2O emissions remains limited. In this study, an incubation experiment was performed to investigate the gradients of urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) (0, 0.08, 0.16, and 0.24%) and biochar additions (0, 2.5, and 5%) on N2O emissions from urea-fertilised Camellia oleifera soils. Results showed that urease inhibitor decreased, but biochar increased cumulative N2O emissions. No significant interactive effects were observed between urease inhibitor and biochar on the cumulative N2O emissions, but cumulative N2O emissions were decreased by NBPT under a 2.5% biochar addition rate. Soil N2O emission rates were negatively correlated with net ammonification and N mineralisation rates and positively correlated with net nitrification rates. This study indicates that NBPT, with the characteristic of delaying urea hydrolysis, can be better than biochar in mitigating N2O emissions from urea-fertilised soils of C. oleifera plantations. Keywords: biowaste management, soil ameliorant, global warming, nitrogen transformation, tea-oil tree Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 424-430 Volume: 68 Issue: 9 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.17221/112/2022-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/112/2022-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202209-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:68:y:2022:i:9:id:112-2022-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martina Komárková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Jíloviště, Czech Republic Author-Name: Zuzana Kovalíková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jiří Šimek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic Author-Name: Adam Skarka Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jiří Tůma Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic Title: Physiological and biochemical responses of Brassica napus L. cultivars exposed to Cd stress Abstract: Four different rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars CZL, Benefit, Iwas and ZhongZhuang9, were used to analyse physiological responses to higher doses of cadmium (Cd) and their ability of Cd accumulation. Plants were exposed for 30 days to different Cd dosages (0, 50, 100, and 150 mg Cd/kg) in soil under greenhouse conditions. Cadmium was accumulated more in roots than in shoots of all tested cultivars, with the highest Cd in ZhongZhuang9. After the lowest Cd dose, the highest translocation factor was for CZL (0.8) and Benefit (0.6). The content of both K and Ca varied between treatments and cultivars. The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and relative chlorophyll content were affected minimally. High constant levels of salicylic acid and a sharp increase in proline content were found mostly in Iwas; therefore, it may be considered as a more tolerant cultivar. Keywords: rapeseed, heavy metal, proline, salicylic acid, phytoremediation Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 431-440 Volume: 68 Issue: 9 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.17221/148/2022-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/148/2022-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202209-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:68:y:2022:i:9:id:148-2022-PSE