Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Petr Dvořák Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Ivana Capouchová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Martin Král Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Petr Konvalina Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecosystems, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: Dagmar Janovská Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Matěj Satranský Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Grain yield and quality of wheat in wheat-legumes intercropping under organic and conventional growing systems Abstract: The effect of simultaneous intercropping of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with different legumes of faba bean (Vicia faba L.), pea (Pisum sativum L.), and purple clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) on selected production and qualitative parameters of wheat was evaluated in field trials conducted both in organic and conventional cropping systems, in comparison with pure sown wheat. Wheat intercropped with legumes achieved higher grain yield compared to pure sown wheat for an average of two years. However, in organic cultivation, the positive effect of intercropping on wheat yields was more pronounced. In addition, a strong influence of the year was noted. In 2021, in the organic cropping system, the most yielding intercropped wheat (especially with pea and bean) achieved 114-117% higher yields compared to pure sown wheat (in the previous year of 2020, it was usually only about 102-106%). In the conventional cropping system, the effect of intercropping on wheat yield was significantly weaker, and in 2021, wheat intercropped with legumes reached even lower yields than pure sown wheat in some cases. In terms of sowing methods (both in organic and conventional cropping systems), mixed sowing with individual legumes significantly exceeded the yields of wheat grown with legumes in separate, alternating rows. As regards quality parameters, wheat intercropped with legumes reached in comparison with pure sown wheat usually had higher crude protein content in wheat grain dry matter and higher values of Zeleny sedimentation. Keywords: available nitrogen, nutrient, competition, mixed cultures, method of sowing, weather conditions Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 553-559 Volume: 68 Issue: 12 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.17221/276/2022-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/276/2022-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202212-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:68:y:2022:i:12:id:276-2022-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Haiyan Liang Author-Workplace-Name: Shandong Peanut Research Institute/Chinese National Peanut Engineering Research Center, Qingdao, P.R. China Author-Name: Liyu Yang Author-Workplace-Name: Shandong Peanut Research Institute/Chinese National Peanut Engineering Research Center, Qingdao, P.R. China Author-Name: Qi Wu Author-Workplace-Name: Shandong Peanut Research Institute/Chinese National Peanut Engineering Research Center, Qingdao, P.R. China Author-Name: Liang Yin Author-Workplace-Name: Shandong Peanut Research Institute/Chinese National Peanut Engineering Research Center, Qingdao, P.R. China Author-Name: Cuiping Meng Author-Workplace-Name: Shandong Peanut Research Institute/Chinese National Peanut Engineering Research Center, Qingdao, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory of Shandong University of Clean Chemical Process, Qingdao, P.R. China Author-Name: Pu Shen Author-Workplace-Name: Shandong Peanut Research Institute/Chinese National Peanut Engineering Research Center, Qingdao, P.R. China Title: Exogenous glucose modulated the diversity of soil nitrogen-related bacteria and promoted the nitrogen absorption and utilisation of peanut Abstract: Exogenous carbon (C) not only regulates plant growth but also provides energy for microbes and improves the soil environment. We hypothesised that exogenous C could improve plant growth by affecting the soil environment. Therefore, pot experiments were conducted and peanut cvs. Huayu 22(H) and NN-1(B) were used under three different treatments (the control, single nitrogen (N), and N combined with glucose (CN)). The results showed that the abundance and diversity of N-fixing bacteria are obviously influenced by the C and N, and exogenous C can promote the restoration of microbial diversity. The relative abundances of Burkholderiales were increased under HCN and BCN to 9.8% and 9.5%, respectively, compared to the control (3.9%, 2.5%). The abundance of N fixation bacteria increased mainly due to the soil nutrient change. In comparison with the single N treatment, the addition of the C significantly decreased the soil NH4+-N and NO3--N contents by 31.0% and 13.3%, respectively. And the activities of soil urease and nitrogenase were significantly increased. Compared to the control, single N significantly limited the root development, while the addition of C played a promoting role in root growth. Plant N accumulation increased compared with the control, but there was no significant difference between N treatment and CN treatment. These results indicated that exogenous C promoted soil microorganism activity and strengthened plant growth by changing the soil environment. Keywords: Arachis hypogaea L., legume, macronutrient, microbial community Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 560-571 Volume: 68 Issue: 12 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.17221/275/2022-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/275/2022-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202212-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:68:y:2022:i:12:id:275-2022-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tomáš Mrština Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Lukáš Praus Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Lukáš Kaplan Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jiřina Száková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Pavel Tlustoš Title: Efficiency of selenium biofortification of spring wheat: the role of soil properties and organic matter amendment Abstract: The effect of soil selenate application to two different soils (Phaeozem and Cambisol) on biomass yield and selenium (Se) uptake by spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was investigated in a pot experiment. Additionally, organic amendment (fugate, i.e. liquid by-product from the biogas plant) was applied to assess (i) the effect of organic matter on the bioavailability of Se and (ii) the fugate (containing 2.3 mg/kg of Se) as a potential source of Se for plants. Selenium was applied at two levels: 6.4 µg/kg (Se1) and 32 µg/kg (Se2) of soil. The efficiency of biofortification and the distribution of selenium within individual plant compartments were assessed in this case. The highest Se contents in the grain were achieved in the treatments receiving NPK fertiliser together with selenate, 455 µg/kg (Se1) and 2 721 µg/kg (Se2) when wheat was planted in Phaeozem. Fugate in co-application with selenate significantly reduced Se content in wheat plants as compared to treatments enriched solely with selenate. The lower Se contents in the wheat plants growing in Phaeozem were due to the biodilution effect, whereas in Cambisol, the decrease in wheat Se uptake was not clearly driven by a particular factor. Keywords: microelement, nutrition, deficiency, selenisation effect, digestate, agronomic biofortification Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 572-579 Volume: 68 Issue: 12 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.17221/357/2022-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/357/2022-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202212-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:68:y:2022:i:12:id:357-2022-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hongyan Sun Author-Workplace-Name: School of Environment and Resources, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, P.R. China Author-Name: Xiaoyun Wang Author-Name: Ni Yang Author-Workplace-Name: School of Environment and Resources, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, P.R. China Author-Name: Huanxin Zhou Author-Workplace-Name: College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Author-Name: Yifan Gao Author-Workplace-Name: School of Environment and Resources, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, P.R. China Author-Name: Jia Yu Author-Workplace-Name: School of Environment and Resources, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, P.R. China Author-Name: Xiaoxiao Wang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Title: Effect of exogenous selenium on mineral nutrition and antioxidative capacity in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedlings under cadmium stress Abstract: The ameliorative effects and its mitigation mechanisms of selenium (Se) on cadmium (Cd) toxicity in cucumber seedlings were studied through hydroponic experiments. Cd and other mineral nutrient concentrations, antioxidant enzyme activities, and antioxidant contents in cucumber were studied. The results revealed that exogenous Se significantly decreased the Cd concentrations in all tissues, especially in the leaves. Moreover, exogenous Se (Cd + Se) could increase Zn, Na, leaf Cu, stem/root Fe, stem/root Ca, and stem/root Mg concentrations; and reduce leaf Mg concentration, compared with Cd alone treatment. Additionally, the application of Se ameliorated the toxicity of Cd by harmonising the activities of antioxidase, such as Cd + Se treatment reduced Cd-induced increase of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, leaf/stem ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities, which resulted in the significant decrease of the content of hydrogen peroxide, and malondialdialdehyde; increased root APX, and glutathione reductase activities. In addition, the content of nonenzymatic antioxidants such as root-reduced glutathione and oxidised glutathione was significantly increased by adding Se under Cd stress. Also, exogenous Se enhanced the total antioxidant capacity in terms of cupric-reducing antioxidant capacity and decreased total phenols, flavonoids, and leaf/root proline contents under Cd stress. In general, 3 μmol/L Se was conducive to plant growth and improved the cucumber's ability to alleviate Cd stress. Keywords: heavy metal, pollution, contamination, abiotic stress, remediation, toxic elements Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 580-590 Volume: 68 Issue: 12 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.17221/294/2022-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/294/2022-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202212-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:68:y:2022:i:12:id:294-2022-PSE