Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kai Huang Author-Workplace-Name: Yunnan Academy of Eco-environmental Sciences, Kunming, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Yunnan National Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Kunming, P.R. China Author-Name: Jun Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Yunnan Academy of Eco-environmental Sciences, Kunming, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Yunnan National Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Kunming, P.R. China Author-Name: Guangming Tang Author-Workplace-Name: Yunnan Academy of Eco-environmental Sciences, Kunming, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Yunnan National Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Kunming, P.R. China Author-Name: Da Bao Author-Workplace-Name: Yunnan Academy of Eco-environmental Sciences, Kunming, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Yunnan National Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Kunming, P.R. China Author-Name: Tangyu Wang Author-Workplace-Name: Yunnan Academy of Eco-environmental Sciences, Kunming, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Yunnan National Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Kunming, P.R. China Author-Name: Deping Kong Author-Workplace-Name: Yunnan Academy of Eco-environmental Sciences, Kunming, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Yunnan National Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Kunming, P.R. China Title: Impacts and mechanisms of biochar on soil microorganisms Abstract: Biochar is a carbonaceous material derived from the pyrolysis of carbon-rich biomass that has attracted increasing research and attention because of its ability to enhance soil carbon storage, increase soil fertility, fix and transform pollutants in soil, and improve the soil environment. These enhancements directly or indirectly affect soil microorganisms' metabolic activities and community structure. This paper reviews the effects of biochar on soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, nutrients, contaminants, and related microbial activities. In addition, this work summarises the possible mechanisms involved in the interaction between biochar and microorganisms and the potential hazards associated with biochar use. Finally, this study aims to provide a theoretical basis for future related research. Keywords: charcoal, soil pollution, soil microbial community, soil bacteria Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 45-54 Volume: 69 Issue: 2 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/348/2022-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/348/2022-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202302-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:69:y:2023:i:2:id:348-2022-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Koena Rivonia Selolo Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Agriculture, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa Author-Name: Jestinos Mzezewa Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Agriculture, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa Author-Name: Jude Julius Odhiambo Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Agriculture, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa Title: Short-term effects of tillage and leaf mulch on soil properties and sunflower yield under semi-arid conditions Abstract: A study was conducted at the University of Venda Experimental Farm, Limpopo province, South Africa to determine the effects of tillage and mulching on selected soil properties, and yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replications during the 2018/19 and 2019/20 cropping seasons. Treatments consisted of conventional tillage (CT) and minimum tillage (MT) and three levels of avocado leaf mulch (0, 6 and 12 t/ha). Bulk density (BD), aggregate stability (AS), infiltration rate (IR), soil water content (SWC) and grain yield were determined. Tillage had no significant effect on BD in either season but influenced SWC and sunflower grain yield. CT recorded a significantly higher AS than MT during 2018/19 cropping season. Tillage × mulch interaction was significant during 2018/19 season with CT at 12 t/ha mulch recording higher AS than the MT. IR was significantly influenced by tillage × mulch interaction in both seasons with MT recording higher IR than the CT during 2018/19. Avocado mulch had no significant effect on sunflower grain yield in either season but influenced SWC in 2019/20 season. It was concluded that avocado mulch could be a relevant component of conservation agriculture but long-term studies are needed to validate the benefits observed in this study. Keywords: oil seed crop, drought tollerant, dryland, smallholder farmers Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 55-61 Volume: 69 Issue: 2 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/160/2022-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/160/2022-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202302-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:69:y:2023:i:2:id:160-2022-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Milan Čížek Author-Workplace-Name: Potato Research Institute Havlíčkův Brod, Havlíčkův Brod, Czech Republic Author-Name: Andrea Svobodová Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague 6 - Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jiří Zámečník Author-Workplace-Name: Potato Research Institute Havlíčkův Brod, Havlíčkův Brod, Czech Republic Author-Name: Pavel Kasal Author-Workplace-Name: Potato Research Institute Havlíčkův Brod, Havlíčkův Brod, Czech Republic Author-Name: Daniel Vejchar Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Prague, Czech Republic Title: The effect of drip irrigation for potatoes on soil nitrogen dynamics Abstract: The effects of potato drip irrigation on soil nitrogen dynamics and potato yield was studied in small-plot field trials. The trials were evaluated at during three experimental times seasons (2016-2018). Four variants of irrigation were determined, ie non-irrigated, 60, 65 and 70 ASWC (Available Soil Water Capacity). At the same time, two pre-planting fertilization dates were set at a maximum of 120 kg N/ha a in divided i.e. 60 kg N/ha before planting and 60 kg N/ha by fertigation during vegetation. Pre-planting crop fertilization or in-season fertigation did not have any significant effect on the potato yields of most variants. In all studied parameters, the positive beneficial effect of irrigation was recorded and compared to the non-irrigated control. The mitigation of drought stress in plants during the growing season is the most important advantage of irrigation. In the trials, on average across all years and varieties, the yield of the irrigated variant increased by 41 % compared to the non-irrigated variant. Maintaining optimal soil moisture has a favourable effect use of applied fertilizers. The highest mineral nitrogen content in the soil was recorded for the variant without irrigation. Considering the increased use of nitrogen fertilizers, the subsurface drip line appeared to be optimal for the creation of suitable conditions for nitrogen availability to plants in the root zone. Keywords: Solanum tuberosum L., irrigation frequency, split application, C/N ratio Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 55-61 Volume: 69 Issue: 2 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/422/2022-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/422/2022-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202302-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:69:y:2023:i:2:id:422-2022-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Swati Walia Author-Workplace-Name: Agrotechnology Division, CSIR ‒ Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Palampur, India Author-Name: Pawan Kumar Author-Workplace-Name: Chemical Technology Division, CSIR ‒ Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Palampur, India Author-Name: Dinesh Kumar Author-Workplace-Name: Chemical Technology Division, CSIR ‒ Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Palampur, India Author-Name: Rakesh Kumar Author-Workplace-Name: Agrotechnology Division, CSIR ‒ Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Palampur, India Title: A preliminary study on suitability of growing ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) in western Himalayan region Abstract: Panax ginseng Meyer is one of Asia's most popular medicinal plants, with triterpene saponins as principal bioactive compounds. The present study investigates the possibility of ginseng cultivation in Lahaul & Spiti, Himachal Pradesh, India in the Western Himalayas focusing on growth characteristics, and ginsenoside content in the roots. Plant growth parameters increased with an increase in the crop age and reached maximum maturity at the age of five years along with the production of a good amount of seeds and roots. Root fresh and dry weight of the five-year-old plant was 142.6 g and 45.5 g, respectively, which almost doubled as compared with the four-year-old plant. The HPLC analysis of P. ginseng roots leads to the identification of 14 compounds representing 31.81 ± 2.89 mg/g of total ginsenoside contents, where Rb1, Rg2 and Re were found to be major ginsenosides with 7.53 ± 0.37, 7.04 ± 0.61 and 3.77 ± 0.26 mg/g content. Protopanaxadiol (PPD) and protopanaxatriol (PPT) represent the major classes of ginsenosides present in the ginseng roots with a 0.98 ratio of PPD/PPT. Our studies revealed that the soil and climate of the Lahaul and Spiti district of Himachal Pradesh State in the Western Himalayas are suitable for the cultivation of P. ginseng with good content of ginsenosides in five-year-old roots. Keywords: perennial herb, environmental condition, adaptation behaviour, secondary metabolite, biomass Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 71-80 Volume: 69 Issue: 2 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/288/2022-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/288/2022-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202302-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:69:y:2023:i:2:id:288-2022-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jaromír Šuk Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jakub Mikulka Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Madhab Kumar Sen Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Pavlína Košnarová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Kateřina Hamouzová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Josef Soukup Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: First cases of herbicide resistance of Tripleurospermum inodorum in the Czech Republic Abstract: Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Sch. Bip. is one of the most economically important and yield-reducing weeds in cereals in Europe. Random and systematic monitoring of this weed might provide an early warning for the farmers and slow down the pace of the evolution of herbicide resistance. This study aimed to identify resistant populations of T. inodorum in the Czech Republic and elucidate their possible resistance mechanism/s. Monitoring and screening of T. inodorum for herbicide resistance against acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors and synthetic auxins was carried out. Greenhouse experiments and molecular-genetics studies were conducted to characterize the resistance. While all the tested populations were found to be susceptible to synthetic auxins, two populations (MATIN 2 and MATIN 4) were found to be resistant against tribenuron (ALS inhibitor). However, their cross-resistance to florasulam was not confirmed. The resistance mechanism detected was the target-site substitution of Pro197 at the ALS gene. The two populations carried different point mutations: Pro197Ser (MATIN 2) and Pro197Gln (MATIN 4). This is the first study in the Czech Republic to identify the survival mechanism in T. inodorum for resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides. Our results from this research will provide basis for resistance management in T. inodorum in the Czech Republic and other countries. Keywords: ALS-inhibitors resistance, Pro197 mutations, scentless mayweed, target-site resistance, tribenuron Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 81-87 Volume: 69 Issue: 2 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/427/2022-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/427/2022-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202302-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:69:y:2023:i:2:id:427-2022-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vu Van Long Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Natural Resources - Environment, Kien Giang University, Kien Giang, Vietnam Author-Name: Chau Minh Khoi Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho, Vietnam Author-Name: Doan Thi Truc Linh Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho, Vietnam Author-Name: Nguyen Van Qui Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho, Vietnam Author-Name: Nguyen Minh Dong Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho, Vietnam Author-Name: Ben Macdonald Author-Workplace-Name: CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Black Mountain, Canberra, Australia Title: Phosphorus behavior under long-term fertilization in the intensive rice cultivation system Abstract: Advocating proper phosphorus (P) fertilisation is necessary to save this limited natural resource and to save the investment in rice cultivation. This study aimed to evaluate changes in phosphorus availability, total phosphorus in soil, phosphorus buffering capacity, and phosphorus saturation in the long-term phosphorus fertilisation in the paddy rice system. Soil samples were collected in the harvest stage after seven consecutive crops over three years at Can Tho city, Vietnam. The applied phosphorus fertiliser rates were: no phosphorus fertilisation (P0), 17.4 kg P/ha (P17.4), and 26.2 kg P/ha as farmer's practice (P26.2). The results showed that the soil phosphorus buffering capacity in P0, P17.4 and P26.2 treatments was 9.49, 9.08 and 9.04 mg/kg, respectively. The degree of phosphorus saturation of P17.4 and P26.2 treatments ranged from 17.7% to 25.5%, showing the medium to high risk of phosphorus leaching. This study indicated that the application of phosphorus rate higher than 17.4 kg P/ha might result in the reduced soil phosphorus buffering capacity in the intensive rice cropping system in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta region. Our results implied that the application of a rate lower than 17.4 kg P/ha/crop could be extended to the other rice-growing (double/triple rice) areas in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta region or other paddy rice on alluvial soils in Asia. Keywords: adsorption isotherms, Langmuir, Olsen, Oryza sativa L., paddy soil Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 88-94 Volume: 69 Issue: 2 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/411/2022-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/411/2022-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202302-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:69:y:2023:i:2:id:411-2022-PSE