Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Haifang Dai Author-Workplace-Name: Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, P.R. China Author-Name: Damiao Yuan Author-Workplace-Name: Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, P.R. China Author-Name: Changjuan Shan Author-Workplace-Name: Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, P.R. China Title: Jasmonic acid biosynthetic inhibitor ibuprofen inhibits the accumulation of ascorbic acid in strawberry fruit induced by lanthanum nitrate Abstract: By using jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthetic inhibitor ibuprofen (IBU), we investigated the roles of JA in the process of lanthanum nitrate (La(NO3)3)-regulated ascorbic acid (AsA) content and metabolic enzymes responsible for AsA metabolism in strawberry fruit. Findings demonstrated that La(NO3)3 markedly improved AsA content by enhancing the activities and transcript levels of glutathione reductase (GR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) and L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase (GalLDH), and inhibiting the activities and transcript levels of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and ascorbic acid oxidase (AAO). In comparison with La(NO3)3 alone, all the concentrations of IBU plus La(NO3)3 markedly inhibited the activities and transcript levels of DHAR, MDHAR, GalLDH and AAO, and improved the activities and transcript levels of GR and APX, which further reduced AsA content. Besides, La(NO3)3 increased JA content and IBU decreased JA content induced by La(NO3)3. Meanwhile, the results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that JA content had significant correlations with the activities and transcript levels of DHAR, MDHAR and GalLDH. Above findings implied that La(NO3)3 induced JA production, which further increased AsA content in fruits by mainly up-regulating the activities and transcript levels of DHAR, MDHAR and GalLDH. Keywords: hormone, antioxidant enzyme, ascorbate, rare earth element, Fragaria × ananassa Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 95-104 Volume: 69 Issue: 3 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/384/2022-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/384/2022-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202303-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:69:y:2023:i:3:id:384-2022-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Shangshu Huang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Land Resources and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil, Nanchang, P.R. China Author-Name: Mahbub Ul Islam Author-Workplace-Name: Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh Author-Name: Fahui Jiang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Land Resources and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, P.R. China Title: The effect of deep-tillage depths on crop yield: A global meta-analysis Abstract: The tillage depth plays a critical role in solving soil compaction - a global problem of soil degradation. However, to date, there are few research reported about tillage depth, and the standard of optimum tillage depth is lacking. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to quantify the effect of tillage depths on crop yield across a global scale, and then to analysis their influence factors such as local climate, soil properties, and managements. Moreover, a global distribution of the optimal tillage depths was estimated by using a random-forest model. Overall, our result demonstrated that crop yield first increased within tillage depths from 25 to 35 cm, and then reduced under higher depth of deep tillage compared to conventional tillage, according to 1109 wheat, maize and soybean (WMS) yield observations from 202 studies and 109 publications. Visibly, 35 cm hence became the optimum tillage depth of WMS across the world, while it varies with different regions. Furthermore, higher crop yields observed in areas with a humid climate, high clay contents, and large bulk density under the optimal depth 40, 35 and 45 cm, respectively. In contrast, a lower yield was observed in areas with arid climates, silty and sandy soils, and lower bulk density within optimal depth of 25 cm, 30 cm, and 25 to 35 cm. Human management efforts, including fertilizer addition, irrigation, straw returning, and changing of cropping system or crop species mostly increased the crop yield under deep tillage. Particularly, our meta-analysis indicated that straw returning needs a greater depth. Finally, we predicted the distributions of optimum depths, which showed that 30 and 35 cm were the optimum tillage depths in the temperate and tropical regions, and the total crop yields of global WMS increased by 2689 million tons per year under the optimal tillage depth, compared with the conventional tillage. Keywords: conventional tillage, random-forest, best tillage depth, tillage management, subsoiling Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 105-117 Volume: 69 Issue: 3 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/373/2022-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/373/2022-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202303-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:69:y:2023:i:3:id:373-2022-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Krystyna Zarzecka Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Agriculture and Horticulture, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland Author-Name: Marek Gugała Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Agriculture and Horticulture, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland Author-Name: Agnieszka Ginter Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Agriculture and Horticulture, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland Author-Name: Iwona Mystkowska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Dieteties, Pope John Paul II State School of Higher Education in Biała Podlaska, Biała Podlaska, Poland Author-Name: Łukasz Domański Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Agriculture and Horticulture, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland Author-Name: Anna Sikorska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agriculture, Vocational State School of Ignacy Mościcki, Ciechanów, Poland Title: Biostimulants improves the content of polyphenol in the potato tubers Abstract: Research was conducted to determine the content of total polyphenols (TP) in table potato tubers obtained in a three-year field experiment arranged as a split-plot design with three replicates. The first experimental factor included two potato cultivars: Oberon and Malaga, the second one being an application of the following biostimulants: PlonoStart, Aminoplant, Agro-Sorb Folium and the herbicide Avatar 293 ZC (clomazone + metribuzin). The polyphenol content of potato tubers was determined in the fresh tuber mass by the spectrophotometric method with the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. The tuber content of polyphenols was affected by cultivars and test biostimulants. Cv. Malaga accumulated more polyphenols than cv. Oberon. Biostimulants + herbicide significantly increased an accumulation of polyphenolic compounds compared with tubers cultivated in the control unit which was not treated with the test products. Keywords: Solanum tuberosum L., cultivars, bioactive substances, growth regulators, herbicide Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 118-123 Volume: 69 Issue: 3 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/441/2022-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/441/2022-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202303-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:69:y:2023:i:3:id:441-2022-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Milan Novák Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Veronika Zemanová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Milan Pavlík Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Isotope Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Simona Procházková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Daniela Pavlíková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Change in β-glucosidase activity in root zone of ferns under toxic elements soil contamination Abstract: The influence of toxic elements, such as arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn), in the root zone of As-hyperaccumulator Pteris cretica 'Albo-lineata' and non-As-hyperaccumulator P. straminea, on the enzymatic activity of β-glucosidase, dissolved organic carbon (C) in soil, toxic element accumulation in fern roots, and root biomass were evaluated in a pot experiment. Ferns were cultivated in soils from the locality of Suchdol (control) and Litavka (high contamination) for six months. For all toxic elements, an increasing trend in their contents in the roots was observed with soil contamination for both ferns. Differences between ferns were observed in As and Zn accumulation. Pteris cretica had a significantly higher As accumulation than P. straminea. Zinc accumulation in the roots showed an opposite trend. A significant difference between ferns was confirmed in the dissolved organic C content. Our results showed a significantly higher content of dissolved organic C in the P. straminea root zone than in P. cretica. The significant effect of toxic elements in the soil on β-glucosidase activity was observed. Toxic elements inhibited β-glucosidase activity in the root zone of P. cretica, and an increase in P. straminea was determined in the Litavka soil. The results suggest a higher sensitivity of P. straminea to toxic element contamination in soil, leading to increased β-glucosidase activity and increased dissolved organic C content. Keywords: pollution, heavy metal, soil enzyme activity, microorganism, Pteridaceae Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 124-130 Volume: 69 Issue: 3 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/448/2022-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/448/2022-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202303-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:69:y:2023:i:3:id:448-2022-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michaela Kolářová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Luděk Tyšer Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Theresa A. Reinhardt Piskáčková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jana Májeková Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia Title: Incidence of thermophilic, grass and rare arable weeds in cereal fields in the Czech and Slovak Republic Abstract: Our objectives were to characterise arable weeds of the Czech and Slovak Republic in cereals, especially considering important groups of species: thermophilic, weedy grasses, and rare and endangered species. The three-year phytocoenological survey was conducted from 2006 to 2008 in five climatic regions and eight different soil types. 379 relevés were recorded, and 281 weed species were found. The effects of both the climatic region and soil type were found to be statistically significant. Species richness increased with altitude. Several species were distinctly associated with soil type, from fertile chernozems to less fertile cambisols, while fluvisols were strongly associated with e.g. Calystegia sepium (L.) R. Br. The incidence of species outside their expected regions generally fit two categories: the most pervasive weeds found almost in all climate regions, such as Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv., or rare weeds in higher altitudes than expected, such as Lolium temulentum L. Rare and endangered species were more likely to be found in a colder climate and poorer soils, and this is linked to less intensive management; however, not all endangered arable species can tolerate such conditions. Even though this data is not recently collected, this is still valuable information on the distribution of weedy species, especially concerning the current interest in maintaining biodiversity. Keywords: agrobiodiversity, weed vegetation, soil type, climate regions, endangered species Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 131-140 Volume: 69 Issue: 3 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/439/2022-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/439/2022-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202303-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:69:y:2023:i:3:id:439-2022-PSE