Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Aneta Bokšová
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Jan Kazda
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Jan Bartoška
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Systems Engineering, Faculty of Economics and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Martin Kamler
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Research, Bee Research Institute, Dol, Czech Republic
Title: Effect of glyphosate on the foraging activity of European honey bees (Apis mellifera L.)
Abstract: Glyphosate is a widely used agrochemical. Nevertheless, only a few studies have investigated its effect on bees, specifically its influence on their foraging activity. This article provides a summary of the prominent research results on this issue, published in journals in the field of experimental biology. The effect of commonly used concentrations of glyphosate on honey bee navigation has been evaluated in several studies, as well as concentrations that are reportedly sublethal. Exposure to this herbicide increases the flight time back to the hive and affects the flight trajectories of these bees. These results imply that glyphosate at certain concentrations reduces their sensitivity to nectar rewards in associative memories. The contact of bees with non-lethal concentrations of glyphosate results in sublethal effects that affect foraging. In the future, the behaviour of glyphosate and its effect on bees in their natural environment need to be explored.
Keywords: plant protection, pollinator, bee memory, bee orientation, sugar syrup
Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment
Pages: 195-201
Volume: 69
Issue: 5
Year: 2023
DOI: 10.17221/86/2023-PSE
File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/86/2023-PSE.html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:69:y:2023:i:5:id:86-2023-PSE

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xiao Wang
Author-Workplace-Name: Anshun University, Anshun, P.R. China
Author-Name: Deyan Li
Author-Workplace-Name: Anshun University, Anshun, P.R. China
Author-Name: Xiaohui Song
Author-Workplace-Name: Anshun University, Anshun, P.R. China
Title: Elevated CO2 mitigates the effects of cadmium stress on vegetable growth and antioxidant systems
Abstract: Previous studies of the effects of elevated CO2 (eCO2) concentrations and heavy metal stress conditions on plant growth and physiology have mostly focused on crops rather than vegetables. In this study, we investigated the effects of Cd stress on the growth and antioxidant system of pak choi (Brassica rapa L.), water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forssk.), cherry radish (Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus (L.) Domin) and pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) growing in pots under ambient CO2 (aCO2) or eCO2 conditions. In general, Cd stress reduced plant biomass and SPAD values under aCO2 and eCO2 conditions; however, the reduction was smaller under eCO2. Cd stress significantly reduced vegetable superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities under both aCO2 and eCO2 conditions; however, the decrease in cherry radish and pepper peroxidase and SOD activities and in pak choi SOD and CAT activities was significantly less under eCO2. The Cd content of the edible parts of pak choi, water spinach and pepper was significantly lower under eCO2 than under aCO2. Our data suggest that eCO2 concentrations could be beneficial for the growth of some vegetables and reduce the Cd content.
Keywords: climate change, CO2 concentration, abiotic stress, greenhouse gas, antioxidant enzymes
Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment
Pages: 202-209
Volume: 69
Issue: 5
Year: 2023
DOI: 10.17221/125/2023-PSE
File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/125/2023-PSE.html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:69:y:2023:i:5:id:125-2023-PSE

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Thanakorn Saengsanga
Author-Workplace-Name: Environmental Science Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima Rajabhat University, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
Author-Name: Nutthida Phakratok
Author-Workplace-Name: Environmental Science Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima Rajabhat University, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
Title: Biodegradation of chlorpyrifos by soil bacteria and their effects on growth of rice seedlings under pesticide-contaminated soil
Abstract: This study identified three soil bacteria (NRRU-BW3, NRRU-BW3, and NRRU-TV11) that degrade chlorpyrifos, produce indole-3-acetic acid, and exopolysaccharides under pesticide stress. The results revealed that soil bacteria were identified as Priestia megaterium NRRU-BW3, Bacillus siamensis NRRU-BW9, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens NRRU-TV11. These strains showed the ability to produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and exopolysaccharides (EPS) in chlorpyrifos. Moreover, these bacteria can degrade chlorpyrifos (CP) in an aqueous medium, and a 33-52% degradation rate was observed after 14 days of incubation. Inoculation with the NRRU-TV11 significantly increased (P < 0.05) plant height, root length, biomass and vigour index of rice seedlings compared to uninoculated controls in chlorpyrifos-contaminated soil. The findings demonstrated the beneficial effects of indigenous NRRU-TV11 on rice seedling development and chlorpyrifos degradation and recommended this strain as a potential replacement for plant growth improvement and environmental bioremediation of pesticide-contaminated agricultural soils.
Keywords: weed control, contamination, polluted soil, auxin, organophosphate, plant growth promoting bacteria
Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment
Pages: 210-220
Volume: 69
Issue: 5
Year: 2023
DOI: 10.17221/106/2023-PSE
File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/106/2023-PSE.html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:69:y:2023:i:5:id:106-2023-PSE

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Guanhua Zhang
Author-Workplace-Name: Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Changjiang Water Resources Commission, Wuhan, P.R. China
Author-Workplace-Name: Research Center on Mountain Torrent & Geologic Disaster Prevention of Ministry of Water Resources, Wuhan, P.R. China
Author-Name: Wenjun Yang
Author-Workplace-Name: Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Changjiang Water Resources Commission, Wuhan, P.R. China
Author-Name: Jiajun Hu
Author-Workplace-Name: Changjiang Water Resources Commission of the Ministry of Water Resources, Wuhan, P.R. China
Author-Name: Jigen Liu
Author-Workplace-Name: Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Changjiang Water Resources Commission, Wuhan, P.R. China
Author-Workplace-Name: Research Center on Mountain Torrent & Geologic Disaster Prevention of Ministry of Water Resources, Wuhan, P.R. China
Author-Name: Wenfeng Ding
Author-Workplace-Name: Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Changjiang Water Resources Commission, Wuhan, P.R. China
Author-Workplace-Name: Research Center on Mountain Torrent & Geologic Disaster Prevention of Ministry of Water Resources, Wuhan, P.R. China
Author-Name: Jinquan Huang
Author-Workplace-Name: Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Changjiang Water Resources Commission, Wuhan, P.R. China
Author-Workplace-Name: Research Center on Mountain Torrent & Geologic Disaster Prevention of Ministry of Water Resources, Wuhan, P.R. China
Title: Effects of tea planting age on soil microbial biomass C:N:P stoichiometry and microbial quotient
Abstract: This study aimed to determine the effect of tea planting age on stoichiometric ratios of microbial biomass carbon (MBC), nitrogen (MBN), and phosphorus (MBP) and soil microbial quotient (SMQ, expressed as qMBC, qMBN, and qMBP, respectively). A chronological sequence of tea plantations (3, 8, 17, 25, and 34 years) was selected in a small watershed in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, and a slope farmland was selected as control. The results showed that with the increase of tea plantation age, soil and microbial biomass C, N, P contents, soil C:N and C:P elevated significantly, while soil N:P overall declined; the MBC:P and MBN:P increased first and then decreased, but MBC:N varied insignificantly. The tea plantation age affected SMQ notably. qMBC first decreased and then increased following the tea planting age, while qMBN and qMBP went up in a fluctuating pattern. In this study, qMBC positively correlated with soil N:P and microbial biomass C:N:P, but negatively correlated with soil C:N and C:P; on the contrary, qMBN and qMBP negatively correlated with soil N:P and microbial biomass C:N:P, but positively correlated with soil C:N and C:P. Generally, the variations of soil microbial biomass and SMQ could reflect the soil quality of tea plantations.
Keywords: stoichiometric characteristics, microbes, chronosequence, Camellia sinensis L
Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment
Pages: 221-229
Volume: 69
Issue: 5
Year: 2023
DOI: 10.17221/164/2023-PSE
File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/164/2023-PSE.html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xiaoyang Zeng
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Architecture, Sichuan College of Architectural Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
Title: Water and nutrient use efficiencies of Stipa purpurea Griseb. along a precipitation gradient of the Tibetan Plateau
Abstract: Water and nutrient use efficiencies are important adaptive features of plants in arid and semi-arid environments. In this study, water, nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) use efficiencies of Stipa purpurea Griesb., an endemic and dominant grass species, were investigated in the alpine steppe along precipitation gradients on the Tibetan Plateau. The leaf N content of S. purpurea increased along the precipitation gradient, but leaf P decreased, whereas carbon (C) remained unchanged. Leaf δ13C (water use efficiency, WUE) and C:N ratio (N use efficiency, NUE) decreased with increasing precipitation. But leaf C:P (P use efficiency, PUE) and N:P ratios increased with increasing precipitation. A trade-off was found between WUE and PUE but not between WUE and NUE. The changes in leaf traits were associated with changes in soil water, organic C, total N and P. These findings offer insights into understanding alpine plant water and nutrient use strategies along a precipitation gradient, as well as facilitate the prediction of alpine ecosystem responses to precipitation changes.
Keywords: grassland, water availability, nutrient limitation, correlation, soil characteristic
Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment
Pages: 230-237
Volume: 69
Issue: 5
Year: 2023
DOI: 10.17221/36/2023-PSE
File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/36/2023-PSE.html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jiří Záruba
Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Land Use and Improvement, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague - Suchdol, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Pavel Formánek
Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: David Kincl
Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Land Use and Improvement, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague - Suchdol, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Jan Vopravil
Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Land Use and Improvement, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague - Suchdol, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Helena Kusá
Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Pavel Růžek
Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: David Kabelka
Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecosystems, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Pavel Kasal
Author-Workplace-Name: Potato Research Institute Havlíčkův Brod, Havlíčkův Brod, Czech Republic
Title: Different technologies of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivation and their effects on water runoff and soil erosion
Abstract: Surface runoff and soil losses in the case of potato cultivation using de-stoning technology on gentle slopes (Haplic Cambisol) were studied in 2020-2022. Different ridges shapes were compared: control (smooth shaped ridges), pits, pits plus loosening, pits plus loosening plus cover crop (Triticum aestivum L.) sowing in trail furrows. Runoff and soil losses were studied approximately 1 and 2 months after planting potatoes. The obtained results showed the highest reduction of surface runoff and soil losses in the treatment with cover crop sowing. In this variant, soil losses were reduced by 65-81% (1 month after planting) and 54-85% (2 months after planting) in case of simulated rainfall on the soil with natural moisture (or these losses were reduced by 51-93% and 50-76% in case of 15-min rainfall). On average, tuber yields reached 29.4 t/ha (pits + loosening) to 30.6 t/ha (pits) in 2020-2022. The different abilities of the tested shapes of ridges and furrows to retain water did not significantly affect the achieved yields of tubers, as rainfall was not a limiting factor in the monitored period. The yield differences among all tested treatments reached units of tons per hectare if the entire dose of nitrogen was applied at planting. Splitting the total nitrogen dose (50% at planting, 50% at loosening) gave significantly (P < 0.05) higher yields (34.2 t/ha) than a single application at planting. The treatment pits plus loosening with fertilisation provided a 19-26% higher tuber yield than pits plus loosening with a total N dose applied at planting.
Keywords: crop canopy, erodibility, fertiliser, water retention, wheat
Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment
Pages: 238-246
Volume: 69
Issue: 5
Year: 2023
DOI: 10.17221/149/2023-PSE
File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/149/2023-PSE.html
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