Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lenka Plavcová Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic Author-Name: Radek Jupa Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Martin Mészáros Author-Workplace-Name: Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology, Holovousy, Hořice, Czech Republic Author-Name: Klára Scháňková Author-Workplace-Name: Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology, Holovousy, Hořice, Czech Republic Author-Name: Zuzana Kovalíková Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jan Náměstek Author-Workplace-Name: Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology, Holovousy, Hořice, Czech Republic Title: Stem water potential, stomatal conductance and yield in irrigated apple trees Abstract: Plant-based indicators of water status, such as midday stem water potential (Ψstem) and leaf stomatal conductance (gs), are used to optimise irrigation scheduling in horticultural crops because they integrate the effect of soil and climatic conditions and the internal physiological constraints. The use of these indicators relies on experimentally acquired thresholds that relate the value of the indicator to negative effects on yield. In five irrigation treatments, we monitored yield, fruit size and the courses of Ψstem and gs throughout four consecutive growing seasons. We found that Ψstem was more sensitive to irrigation treatment than gs. Both indicators increased with available soil water content (ASWC) and decreased with evaporative demands of the atmosphere (ETC). On a seasonal basis, crop load had a stronger impact on gs than Ψstem. In summary, our study explored the effect of environmental conditions and crop load on plant-based indicators of tree water status and can be useful for establishing thresholds for irrigation scheduling in apple tree orchards. Keywords: drought, water dynamic, fruit trees, gas exchange, deficit, abiotic stress Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 303-313 Volume: 69 Issue: 7 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/160/2023-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/160/2023-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202307-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:69:y:2023:i:7:id:160-2023-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bambang J. Priatmadi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil, Faculty of Agriculture, Lambung Mangkurat University, Simpang Empat Banjarbaru, Kalimantan Selatan, Indonesia Author-Name: Meldia Septiana Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil, Faculty of Agriculture, Lambung Mangkurat University, Simpang Empat Banjarbaru, Kalimantan Selatan, Indonesia Author-Name: Akhmad R. Saidy Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil, Faculty of Agriculture, Lambung Mangkurat University, Simpang Empat Banjarbaru, Kalimantan Selatan, Indonesia Author-Workplace-Name: Doctoral Program of Agricultural Science, Postgraduate Program Lambung Mangkurat University, Simpang Empat Banjarbaru, Kalimantan Selatan, Indonesia Title: Growth performance and yield of rice grown in three different types of soil collected from rice fields with coal fly ash application Abstract: The improvement of rice production to meet food needs for the increasing population is a general problem faced in wetland development for agriculture. The use of industrial waste, such as coal fly ash (CFA), could effectively improve the soil properties of wetlands. In this study, CFA with an amount of 2% (weight/volume) or 240 g was added to 12 L of three different soils collected from the rice fields (peatland, swampland, and rainfed field) in a 15-L pot, and then incubated in the greenhouse for 15 days. The soil pH, concentrations of NH4+-N, NO3--N, exchangeable calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) and available phosphorus in the soil were quantified following the completion of the incubation. Rice seedlings were planted in each pot, and after 90 days, the growth and yield variables were observed. The results showed that CFA application enhanced the concentrations of NH4+-N, NO3--N, and available phosphorus in peatland and swampland, the rice fields that contain high organic carbon (C), which ultimately leads to increasing rice growth and yield. The application of CFA to rice fields containing low organic carbon did not improve available nitrogen and phosphorus nor enhance the growth and yield of rice. Results of this study indicate an important role of soil organic C content in the rice fields in controlling the effect of CFA on nutrient availability, growth and yield of rice. Keywords: available nutrients, mineralisation, soil fertility, toxic element, contamination Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 314-323 Volume: 69 Issue: 7 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/245/2022-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/245/2022-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202307-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:69:y:2023:i:7:id:245-2022-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Seyed Gholam Reza Hosseini Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Author-Name: Behzad Sani Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Author-Name: Hamid Mozafari Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Author-Name: Hamidreza Zabihi Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Research and Natural Resources Center of Khorasan Razavi, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organisation, Mashhad, Iran Author-Name: Faezeh Rajabzadeh Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Title: Effect of silicon dioxide application and potassium levels on morphophysiological properties and storable seed yield of hybrid super sweet maize (Zea mays L. 'Elika') under drought stress Abstract: In this experiment, we investigated the effects of drought combined with exogenous silicon (Si) and potassium application on super sweet corn growth and development. Drought stress caused decreases in the stem diameter, leaf area, cob length, cob diameter, 100 seed weight, seed number, cob yield, biologic yield, and relative water content (RWC), but proline content and catalase activity were higher under drought stress conditions. The results of a two-year experiment showed that potassium sulfate application and foliar application significantly increased RWC in drought stress conditions, and the highest increase was related to treatment with potassium sulfate in an amount of 25 kg/ha. Under normal irrigation conditions, with 25 kg of potassium sulfate per ha and Si foliar application, the maximum cob diameter (5.85 cm) was observed. Si application did not significantly affect proline content under normal irrigation conditions but increased proline content under drought stress. The highest proline content (10.77 mmol/g fresh weight) was recorded in the Si application using 25 kg of potassium sulfate per ha under drought stress conditions. Also, applying potassium sulfate with silicone foliar spraying had no significant effect on biologic yield under normal irrigation conditions. However, under drought stress treatments, biologic yield increased by applying 15 and 25 kg/ha of potassium sulfate and Si foliar spraying. In summary, applying potassium sulfate and exogenous Si can enhance the antioxidant system of the plant, promote the RWC, thus improving biologic and cob yield, and enhance the drought resistance of super sweet corn. Keywords: abiotic stress, mineral nutrition, weather condition, climatic condition Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 324-332 Volume: 69 Issue: 7 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/302/2022-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/302/2022-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202307-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:69:y:2023:i:7:id:302-2022-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rajeev Kumar Gupta Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India Author-Name: Paramjit Kaur Sraw Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India Author-Name: Jasjeet Singh Kang Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India Author-Name: Jagroop Kaur Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India Author-Name: Anu Kalia Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India Author-Name: Vivek Sharma Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India Author-Name: Surjeet Singh Manhas Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India Author-Name: Nadhir Al-Ansari Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Lulea University of Technology, Lulea, Sweden Author-Name: Abed Alataway Author-Workplace-Name: Prince Sultan Bin Abdulaziz International Prize for Water Chair, Prince Sultan Institute for Environmental, Water and Desert Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Author-Name: Ahmed Z. Dewidar Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Engineering, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Author-Name: Mohamed A. Mattar Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Engineering, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Title: Influence of 11 years of crop residue management on rice productivity under varied nitrogen levels in the rice-wheat cropping system Abstract: The present study compares the six crop residue management techniques in main plots (since 2008) and three split nitrogen (N) levels, i.e., 75, 100 and 125 kg N/ha in subplots for rice crops for two years, i.e., 2019 and 2020, in sandy loam soil under field conditions. This experiment evaluated the long-term effect on rice productivity, soil organic carbon content and nutrient requirement in rice-wheat cropping system. The results revealed that different crop residue management practices and N levels significantly influenced rice growth, yield and yield attributes and improved nutrient uptake by grain and straw. Maximum grain yields of 20.8% and 17.8% higher over the conventional (no straw) treatment during 2019 and 2020, respectively, were recorded where the rice and wheat residue was retained or incorporated. The rice grain yield without residue responded significantly up to 125 kg N/ha. Whereas, with rice and wheat residue, rice grain yield did not respond to the application of N beyond 75 kg N/ha during both years. Keywords: environmental pollution, nitrogen uptake, climate change, Oryza sativa L., paddy straw Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 333-343 Volume: 69 Issue: 7 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/68/2023-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/68/2023-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202307-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:69:y:2023:i:7:id:68-2023-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Timm Gergeni Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, University of Wyoming, Laramie, USA Author-Name: John Derek Scasta Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, University of Wyoming, Laramie, USA Author-Name: Kristie Maczko Author-Workplace-Name: Sustainable Rangelands Roundtable, Fort Collins, USA Author-Name: Steve Paisley Author-Workplace-Name: James C. Hageman Sustainable Agriculture Research and Extension Center (SAREC), Lingle, USA Author-Name: John Tanaka Author-Workplace-Name: Sustainable Rangelands Roundtable, Fort Collins, USA Title: Temporal variability drives soil chemical and biological dynamics more than grazing in a northern mixed-grass prairie Abstract: Quantification of soil health dynamics relative to grazing can inform both agriculture and conservation. We conducted an experiment near Lingle, Wyoming, USA, on a semi-arid northern mixed-grass prairie from 2017-2019. Three grazing density treatments (NG - not grazed; MRG - moderate rotationally grazed a herd of 4 Angus heifers, and UHD - ultra-high density rotationally grazed a herd of 33 Angus cow-calf pairs) were replicated four times in a randomised complete block design across twelve - 0.405 ha paddocks. Soil sampling was conducted prior to grazing in June 2017, one-week post grazing in July 2019, and six weeks post grazing in August 2019 and included a suite of forage, ground cover, soil chemical, soil physical, and soil microbiological measurements. Grazing treatment did result in lower vegetation structure but had no effect on any soil variables (P > 0.05). Conversely, the sampling interval was more influential for predicting fluctuations in chemical (15 variables significantly different within at least one treatment) or microbiological (13 variables significantly different within at least one treatment) variables than grazing treatment. The study was conducted in an intact native prairie with initial and final values indicating "Very Good" soil health, including the saturated:unsaturated fatty acid ratio, an indicator of stress. Keywords: grazing intensification, ecosystem, animal density, beef, grassland, rangeland Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 344-362 Volume: 69 Issue: 7 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/54/2023-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/54/2023-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202307-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:69:y:2023:i:7:id:54-2023-PSE