Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nurul Solehah Mohd Zaini Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia Author-Name: Abedelazeez J.D. Khudair Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia Author-Name: Aliah Zannierah Mohsin Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia Author-Name: Elicia Jitming Lim Author-Workplace-Name: School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia Author-Name: Wakisaka Minato Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biochemical Engineering and Science, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Japan Author-Name: Hamidah Idris Author-Workplace-Name: Food Study Center, Fukuoka Women's University, Fukuoka, Japan Author-Name: Jamilah Syafawati Yaacob Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Author-Name: Muhamad Hafiz Abd Rahim Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia Title: Biotransformation of food waste into biofertilisers through composting and anaerobic digestion: a review Abstract: A growing world population means greater pressure on earth's resources. Currently, 30% of food is wasted, which poses a significant risk to both humans and the environment. One way to offset the growth in food waste (FW) is through the process of microbial bioconversion, whereby FW is transformed into a range of nutrient-dense biofertilisers. This approach not only promotes a highly desirable circular economy, but it can also reduce the use of inorganic fertilisers, which adversely impact the environment through increased greenhouse gases, changes in soil and water characteristics, and loss of biodiversity. The bioconversion of FW to biofertiliser relies on the processes of aerobic (composting) and anaerobic digestion. Recently, alternative decomposition techniques included growing specific beneficial microbes, such as effective microorganisms, to speed up the breakdown process. Microorganisms can act as biostimulants and biodecomposers, possessing nutrient-fixing abilities and providing protection from biotic and abiotic stresses, thus enhancing plant growth and overall health. The potential uses of FW are complex and diverse, but research is actively done to effectively utilise this resource for biofertiliser applications. Keywords: climate change, recycling material, soil microbiota, digestate, environmental impact, plant-growth promoting microorganism Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 409-420 Volume: 69 Issue: 9 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/101/2023-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/101/2023-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202309-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:69:y:2023:i:9:id:101-2023-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Saimilakezi Taiwaikuli Author-Workplace-Name: College of Grassland and Environmental Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology of Xinjiang, Urumqi Xinjiang, P.R. China Author-Name: Guili Jin Author-Workplace-Name: College of Grassland and Environmental Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology of Xinjiang, Urumqi Xinjiang, P.R. China Author-Name: Shazhou An Author-Workplace-Name: College of Grassland and Environmental Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology of Xinjiang, Urumqi Xinjiang, P.R. China Author-Name: Yiqing Dong Author-Workplace-Name: College of Grassland and Environmental Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology of Xinjiang, Urumqi Xinjiang, P.R. China Author-Name: Peng Wei Author-Workplace-Name: Pratacultural Research Institute of Xin Jiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi Xinjiang, P.R. China Title: Effects of different habitats on Achnatherum inebrians (Hance) Keng ex Tzvelev (drunken horse grass) soil seed banks and aboveground vegetation Abstract: The soil seed bank, as a potential source of ground vegetation renewal, plays an important role in the natural recovery and succession of vegetation as well as in the construction of ecosystems. To clarify the characteristics of the soil seed bank of Achnatherum inebrians and its relationship with the aboveground vegetation, the soil seed bank density, species composition and aboveground vegetation of three different grassland types, namely, desert, steppe and meadow, were investigated by means of field survey sampling and indoor germination experiments. The results showed that the seed bank densities of the three habitats were ranked as desert (1 422.22 seeds/m2), steppe (2 077.78 seeds/m2) and meadow (3 722.22 seeds/m2). The numbers of species were 16, 11 and 17, respectively. With respect to the vertical allocation, the soil seed banks in each habitat were shallow, and the seeds were mainly concentrated in the soil surface layer (0-5 cm). The species richness of the soil seed banks in the three habitats was higher than that of the aboveground vegetation, but there were some differences in richness, evenness and dominance. The species richness and diversity of soil seed banks and aboveground vegetation in meadow habitats were higher than those in desert and steppe habitats, indicating that the soil seed banks and aboveground vegetation in meadow habitats had higher stability. There was a significant positive correlation between the density of temporary soil seed banks and the density of aboveground plant communities in grassland habitats. The results may provide some reference for the prevention and control of Achnatherum inebrians in the three habitats. Keywords: invasive plants, poisonous plant, poisonous grass, heterogeneous habitats Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 421-428 Volume: 69 Issue: 9 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/191/2023-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/191/2023-PSE.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:69:y:2023:i:9:id:191-2023-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pavani Yerra Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India Author-Name: Ponnusamy Janaki Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India Author-Name: Alaguthevar Ramalakshmi Author-Workplace-Name: Department Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India Author-Name: Ramasamy Jagadeeswaran Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Remote sensing and Geographic Information System, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India Author-Name: Arjunan Sankari Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Vegetables, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India Author-Name: Palanisamy Murali Arthanari Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India Title: Herbicides and nutrients interaction on earthworm activity in tomato cultivated soil and toxicity appraisal Abstract: While nutrients are administered through various sources and combinations, herbicides are used for pre-plant and pre-emergence weed control in the tomato fields. Therefore, a study was conducted to understand the effects of nutrient fertilisation through inorganic and organic sources along with farmers practice and the application of three herbicides, namely glyphosate, pendimethalin, and metribuzin, individually or in combinations, on earthworm activity in tomato crops. The herbicides caused a significant reduction in earthworm biomass and escapement to the lower 15 cm depth. Application of pendimethalin and metribuzin to soils inorganically fertilised with major and micronutrients resulted in low survival rates and a high ecological risk quotient. The effect was attenuated when farmyard manure was applied. The study suggests that when 2 to 3 herbicides are applied in succession and combined with inorganic fertilisers as nutrient sources, stringent measures like adding organic nutrient sources, applying the correct herbicide combination, etc., must be followed to reduce their toxicity to earthworms. This helps to protect and sustain earthworm activity and biodiversity in the soil. Keywords: Solanum lycopersicum L., vegetable, pesticide, bioindicator, organic nutrients, tank mixing herbicides Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 429-436 Volume: 69 Issue: 9 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/223/2023-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/223/2023-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202309-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:69:y:2023:i:9:id:223-2023-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Keke Hua Author-Workplace-Name: Soil and Fertiliser Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrient Recycling, Resources and Environment, Hefei, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: National Agricultural Experimental Station for Soil Quality, Taihe, P.R. China Author-Name: Wenbo Yang Author-Workplace-Name: Soil and Fertiliser Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrient Recycling, Resources and Environment, Hefei, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, P.R. China Author-Name: Bo Zhu Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, P.R. China Title: Long-term organic fertilisers application increase plant autotrophic, soil heterotrophic respiration and net ecosystem carbon budget in a hillslope agroecosystem Abstract: The effects of long-term various organic fertilisers application on ecosystem respiration components and net carbon budget have rarely been investigated in a hillslope agricultural ecosystem. Hence, we measured the rates of plant autotrophic (Ra) and soil heterotrophic respiration (Rh) from 2011 to 2012 with five treatments: no fertiliser (CK); mineral fertiliser (MF); MF combined with swine manure (MFS); MF combined with crop straw (MFC), and swine manure (SM). Our results confirm that Ra was found to be more temperature-moisture sensitive than Rh, whereas Rh was more temperature sensitive than Ra. Soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) is a major factor influencing the temperature sensitivity coefficient of Rh (Q10), thereby application of organic fertilisers combined with mineral fertilisers (MFS and MFC) significantly increased annual by 19.3% and 17.2% compared with MF treatment. Annual carbon emissions via Rh and Ra under MFS, MFC and SM treatments were increased by 24.6, 28.5, 48.8% and 6.6, 10.6, 1.8%, respectively compared with MF treatment (4.6 and 23.2 t C/ha/year). Net primary production (NPP) under MFS, MFC and SM treatments were increased by 5.4, 6.01, and 15.6% relative to MF treatment (13.6 t C/ha/year), respectively, and the corresponding net ecosystem carbon budget (NECB) increased by 121.2, 172.8, and 342.4%. Our findings establish that long-term organic fertilisers application increase plant autotrophic, heterotrophic respiration and net ecosystem carbon budget, which can increase the carbon sink function. Overall, crop straw combined with mineral fertiliser is a feasible agronomy practice to increase carbon sink function, reduce soil erosion and maintain crop yield. Keywords: carbon cycle, wheat, maize, farmyard manure, carbon balance, sloping croplands Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 437-445 Volume: 69 Issue: 9 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/245/2023-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/245/2023-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202309-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:69:y:2023:i:9:id:245-2023-PSE