Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jakub Elbl Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Spearhead Czech, Ltd., Horní Moštěnice, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Research, Ltd., Troubsko, Czech Republic Author-Name: Antonín Kintl Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Research, Ltd., Troubsko, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Martin Brtnický Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Petr Širůček Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jiří Mezera Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Vladimír Smutný Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jan Vopravil Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague 5 - Zbraslav, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jiří Holátko Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Igor Huňady Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Research, Ltd., Troubsko, Czech Republic Author-Name: Vojtěch Lukas Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Assessment of the effect of optimised field plot size on the crop yield Abstract: The presented research deals with the effect of plot size changes on the crop yield. Three plots were chosen in a company engaged in conventional agriculture, on which yields were monitored from 2019 using yield maps. In 2020, the plots (initial size > 30 ha) were divided into different parts sized < 30 ha. In 2021, these newly arisen parts of the plots were harvested. Changes in the yield of grown crops were analysed using yield maps acquired by the harvesting machines. Relative yields (%) and absolute yields (t/ha) were determined on all experimental land parts arising from the initial plots' division. The values were then compared with yields recorded before the division of individual plots using zonal statistics. Measured relative yield values clearly show (P < 0.05) that the division of plots resulted in the increased heterogeneity of crop yields. On the initial plots as well as on the newly arisen plots, the relative yield was divided into the following categories: < 70, 70-85, 85-95, 95-105, 105-115, 115-130 and > 130%, with the value of 100% representing average yield. The analysis of measured yield data showed that the division of plots into smaller parts resulted in an uneven yield distribution because if a divided plot was heterogeneous in terms of yield levels, a cumulation of "higher yield levels (> 100%)" could have occurred in one specific newly arisen plot at the expense of another one. Moreover, new marginal parts of lands came into being during the division of larger soil complexes, and hence zones with potentially reduced yields. Keywords: yield monitoring system, precision agriculture, GIS, soil heterogeneity, soil fertility Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 447-462 Volume: 69 Issue: 10 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/262/2023-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/262/2023-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202310-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:69:y:2023:i:10:id:262-2023-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Peng Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Horticultural Plant Resource Utilization and Germplasm Enhancement, Xinxiang, Henan, P.R. China Author-Name: Fengge Hao Author-Workplace-Name: School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Horticultural Plant Resource Utilization and Germplasm Enhancement, Xinxiang, Henan, P.R. China Author-Name: Zitan Zhu Author-Workplace-Name: Liaoning Institute of Saline-alkali Land Utilization, Panjin, Liaoning, P.R. China Author-Name: Dongmei Lang Author-Workplace-Name: School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Horticultural Plant Resource Utilization and Germplasm Enhancement, Xinxiang, Henan, P.R. China Author-Name: Huiling Hu Author-Workplace-Name: School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Horticultural Plant Resource Utilization and Germplasm Enhancement, Xinxiang, Henan, P.R. China Title: Inoculation with Bacillus alters nitrogen uptake and metabolism in roots of Diospyros lotus under wheat straw addition in soil Abstract: A 15N-labelling technique was carried out to investigate the effect of wheat straw co-application with Bacillus nealsonii, Cohnella, and Paenibacillus lautus on N uptake and assimilation in Diospyros lotus. Wheat straw combined with Bacillus increased the plant height, biomass accumulation, photosynthetic capacity, and uptake of 15N by roots, with 15N accumulating mainly in leaves of D. lotus. The NO3--N content in roots and leaves were decreased by wheat straw co-application with Bacillus, whereas NH4+-N, soluble protein, and total N contents were increased. Wheat straw addition promoted the activities of nitrate reductase, glutamine synthase and glutamate synthase in roots rather than in leaves. These N assimilation enzymatic activities, and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase activities were markedly increased by wheat straw combined with Bacillus. Moreover, the combined application of wheat straw and Bacillus, particularly B. nealsonii, improved the N use efficiency. These findings suggest that the combined application of wheat straw and Bacillus improved D. lotus growth by increasing N uptake, metabolism, and utilisation efficiency. Keywords: 15N-uptake, nitrogen assimilation, persimmon tree, nutrition, isotope Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 463-470 Volume: 69 Issue: 10 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/225/2023-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/225/2023-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202310-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:69:y:2023:i:10:id:225-2023-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mei Chen Author-Workplace-Name: College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guizhou Province, Guiyang, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guizhou Province, Guiyang, P.R. China Author-Name: Xin Luo Author-Workplace-Name: College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guizhou Province, Guiyang, P.R. China Author-Name: Long Jiang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guizhou Province, Guiyang, P.R. China Author-Name: Rui Dong Author-Workplace-Name: College of Zoology, Guizhou University, Guizhou Province, Guiyang, P.R. China Author-Name: K.H.M. Siddique Author-Workplace-Name: The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia Author-Name: Jin He Author-Workplace-Name: College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guizhou Province, Guiyang, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guizhou Province, Guiyang, P.R. China Title: Legume crops use a phosphorus-mobilising strategy to adapt to low plant-available phosphorus in acidic soil in southwest China Abstract: Phosphorus (P) deficiency significantly affects crop productivity, especially legume crops. Therefore, it is important to understand the P-acquisition strategies of different leguminous crops. In this study, we undertook a pot experiment with 11 legume crops (soybean, faba bean, pea, cowpea, common bean, lentil, adzuki bean, chickpea, grass pea, red kidney bean and common vetch) to investigate P-acquisition strategies related to root morphology, organic acid and acid phosphatase exudations, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonisation under low (4.4 mg/kg) and optimal (40 mg/kg) P conditions. The results revealed that P deficiency significantly decreased biomass and P accumulation, root length (10.5%), and root surface area (7.9%), increased organic acid exudation (80.2%) and acid phosphatase activity (16.8%), and did not affect root diameter or root AMF colonisation rate. Principal component analysis revealed a positive correlation between organic acid exudation and acid phosphatase activity, while root length and root surface area negatively correlated with organic acid exudation, acid phosphatase activity and root AMF colonisation rate. P accumulation positively correlated with root length, surface area, and diameter but negatively correlated with organic acid exudation, acid phosphatase activity, and AMF colonisation rate. These findings confirmed the following: (1) legume crops use a P-mobilisation strategy related to organic acid exudation and acid phosphatase activity to acquire P under low soil P conditions; (2) organic acid exudation coincided with acid phosphatase activity to mobilise soil inorganic and organic P, improving P accumulation; (3) a trade-off exists between the P-scavenging strategy related to root morphology traits and mobilisation strategy. Keywords: phosphorus deficiency, macronutrient, adaptability, root exudates, arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 471-479 Volume: 69 Issue: 10 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/254/2023-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/254/2023-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202310-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:69:y:2023:i:10:id:254-2023-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Attila Vad Author-Workplace-Name: Institutes for Agricultural Research and Educational Farm (IAREF), Farm and Regional Research Institutes of Debrecen (RID), Experimental Station of Látókép, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary Author-Name: András Szabó Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Production, Applied Ecology and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary Author-Name: Oqba Basal Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Applied Plant Biology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary Author-Name: Szilvia Veres Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Applied Plant Biology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary Title: Yield of sweet corn and sunflower as affected by different cultivation methods and fertilisation schemes Abstract: If appropriately applied, tillage can positively affect the crop's yield by enhancing the soil's physical properties. Fertilisation also has beneficial effects on yield if applied at efficient rates by increasing available-to-uptake nutrients and improving soil's chemical properties. A field experiment was carried out in Debrecen, Hungary, to evaluate the individual and the interaction effects of these 2 factors on sunflower and sweet corn. The cultivation methods applied were ploughing (C1), direct drilling (C2) and deep loosening (C3). In addition, 3 fertilisation rates were applied to each cultivation system: F1 (control, no fertilisation); F2 (100:50:70) kg NPK/ha and F3 (150:100:120) kg NPK/ha in a randomised complete block design (RCBD) with 4 replicates. Our results showed that fertilisation did not affect the yield of sweet corn measurably. However, C1 resulted in the highest yield, whereas C2 and C3 resulted in relatively similar yields. In sunflowers, the yields of both C1 and C2 were higher than that of C3. No significant differences were recorded between C1 and C2. The yields of both F2 and F3 were higher than the yield of F1. The differences between F2 and F3 were insignificant. It could be concluded that the cultivation method is a determining factor in the yield of sweet corn. The effects of both fertilisation and cultivation treatments were more detectable in sunflowers. The differences between the two fertilisation rates (F2 and F3) were insignificant in both species, indicating that the extra fertilisation levels might be unnecessary. Keywords: Zea mays L., Helianthus annuus L., nutrition, productivity, seed bed Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 480-485 Volume: 69 Issue: 10 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/292/2023-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/292/2023-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202310-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:69:y:2023:i:10:id:292-2023-PSE