Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yaqian Zong Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China Author-Name: Chao Xu Author-Workplace-Name: Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China Author-Name: Kai Zhou Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China Author-Name: Xinhui Duan Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China Author-Name: Bo Han Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China Author-Name: Chenggang He Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China Author-Name: Hua Jiang Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China Title: Effects of exogenous ascorbic acid on photosynthesis and xanthophyll cycle in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) under drought and heat stress Abstract: Alfalfa is an important leguminous plant, yield and quality depend on the growing environment, while effects of drought and heat stress on alfalfa leaves are unknown. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of exogenous ascorbic acid (AsA) on photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, and xanthophyll cycle in alfalfa leaves subject to under drought and heat stress. The results suggest that drought and heat stress caused decreases in the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) in alfalfa leaves, but stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (Tr), and intercellular CO2 concentration (ci) were increased. The application of AsA could alleviate these changes to some extent. Besides, the decreased photosystem II (PSII) maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) and violaxanthin (V) contents and significantly increased non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) levels. The increased NPQ corresponds to the de-epoxidation state (DPS) of xanthophyll pigments. In the AsA-pretreated alfalfa plants, the Fv/Fm and the NPQ were elevated, indicating that AsA could alleviate the adverse effects on photosynthesis induced by this stress. The violaxanthin de-epoxidase (VDE) enzyme activity was inhibited by drought and heat stress, and AsA significantly increased VDE enzymatic activity on the 2nd and 8th days. In summary, photoinhibition of PSII occurred in alfalfa leaves under drought and heat stress, resulting in decreased photosynthetic activity. Exogenous AsA can enhance the photosynthetic capacity of the plant, and enhance the drought and heat resistance of alfalfa. Keywords: exogenous substances, abiotic stress, leaf gas exchange, climate change Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 487-499 Volume: 69 Issue: 11 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/330/2023-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/330/2023-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202311-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:69:y:2023:i:11:id:330-2023-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Shoukun Dong Author-Workplace-Name: College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China Author-Name: Xinyu Zhou Author-Workplace-Name: College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China Author-Name: Zhipeng Qu Author-Workplace-Name: College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China Author-Name: Xiyue Wang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China Title: Effects of drought stress at different stages on soluble sugar content of soybeans Abstract: Drought is an important agricultural problem worldwide, which seriously affects the growth and yield of crops. To explore the effects of different degrees of drought on the soluble sugar content of soybeans, this study measured the soluble sugar content of two soybean cultivars at three growth stages under four levels of drought stress. The results showed that drought stress significantly affected the soluble sugar content, and there were differences among different growth stages and cultivars. At the seedling and flowering stages, the sucrose content of both Heinong44 and Heinong65 showed an unimodal trend and reached the maximum value at moderate drought. The increase rate was the highest in the leaves at the flowering stage, which increased by 36.18% and 25.79% compared with CK, respectively. The fructose and glucose contents were the highest during severe drought, and the fructose content increased the most in the leaves at the seedling stage, which increased by 18.05% and 17.67% compared with CK, respectively. The glucose content increased the most in the petioles at the flowering stage, reaching 40.66% and 35.24%. At the pod-filling stage, the three sugar contents of both Heinong44 and Heinong65 were the lowest at severe drought, and the sucrose and fructose contents decreased the most in the petioles, which decreased by 21.66% and 23.94%, 12.58% and 13.49% compared with CK, respectively. The glucose content decreased the most in the stems, which decreased by 11.72% and 9.66%. In addition, at each growth stage and drought treatment, the ratio of the soluble sugar content of Heinong44 was higher than that of Heinong65. Keywords: legume, nonstructural carbohydrate, differences in drought resistance, water deficit, growth and development Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 500-511 Volume: 69 Issue: 11 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/385/2023-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/385/2023-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202311-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:69:y:2023:i:11:id:385-2023-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Xinliang Zhao Author-Workplace-Name: Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, P.R. China Author-Name: Yibo Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, P.R. China Author-Name: Xiaoqing Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, P.R. China Author-Name: Changjuan Shan Author-Workplace-Name: Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, P.R. China Title: Putrescine improves salt tolerance of wheat seedlings by regulating ascorbate and glutathione metabolism, photosynthetic performance, and ion homeostasis Abstract: To supply more insights into the roles of putrescine (Put) in alleviating salt stress in wheat crops, we explored the effects of Put on ascorbate (ASC) and glutathione metabolism, photosynthetic performance, and ion homeostasis in leaves of salt-stressed wheat seedlings. Our results displayed that salt stress increased the activities of enzymes in ASC and glutathione metabolism, including ascorbate peroxidase, dehydroascorbate reductase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, glutathione reductase, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, and l-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase, which increased reduced ascorbate (AsA), dehydroascorbate (DHA), reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidised glutathione (GSSG), total ASC and total glutathione contents. Whereas, salt stress induced higher increases in the contents of DHA and GSSG than those of AsA and GSH, which led to reduced AsA/DHA and GSH/GSSG. Meanwhile, salt stress reduced photosynthetic rate (Pn), maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), and the contents of chlorophyll and carotenoids, and destroyed Na+/K+ homeostasis, which further inhibited plant growth. In comparison with salt stress alone, Put strengthened the activities of the above enzymes, which further increased the above metabolites contents, as well as AsA/DHA and GSH/GSSG in leaves of salt-treated seedlings. In this way, Put reduced malondialdehyde content and electrolyte leakage. Besides, Put also increased Pn, Fv/Fm, and above pigments contents, and maintained Na+/K+ homeostasis. Meanwhile, Put increased plant height and biomass of salt-treated seedlings. The present findings clearly implied that Put enhanced salt tolerance of wheat crops by strengthening ASC and glutathione metabolism, photosynthetic performance, and maintaining ion homeostasis in leaves. Therefore, Put can be applied to strengthen the salt tolerance of wheat crops in production and cultivation. Keywords: salinity, polyamine, resistance, antioxidant, Triticum aestivum L Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 512-521 Volume: 69 Issue: 11 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/312/2023-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/312/2023-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202311-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:69:y:2023:i:11:id:312-2023-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Benjamin Klauk Author-Workplace-Name: Department Life Science and Engineering, Bingen Technical University of Applied Sciences, Bingen am Rhein, Germany Author-Name: Jan Petersen Author-Workplace-Name: Department Life Science and Engineering, Bingen Technical University of Applied Sciences, Bingen am Rhein, Germany Title: The potential of glyphosate-alternatives like electrophysical weeding in the stale seedbed method for Alopecurus myosuroides (Huds.) control Abstract: Changing political demands requires the search for alternatives to glyphosate, which has often been used in the stale seedbed method. In three field trials between 2020 and 2023, three electrophysical treatments (XPower System, Zasso®) differing in speed, three mechanical treatments (disc harrow, rotary harrow, cultivator) and three chemical treatments (glyphosate, maleic hydrazide, pelargonic acid + maleic hydrazide) were evaluated concerning the efficacy and economic performance in stale seedbed method in Alopecurus myosuroides control. Process costs for each treatment were calculated. Furthermore, the maximum investment costs for the XPower system were calculated to be on the same level as the other treatments. In all treatments, the density of A. myosuroides in autumn was significantly lower than in the control. In general, the fewest plants and heads were found in the chemical treatments. Despite the lower plant density, the electrophysical method did not show a significant difference in the number of heads compared to the untreated control, especially at higher speeds. Calculated process costs ranged between 40 €/ha (glyphosate) and 430 €/ha (pelargonic acid + maleic hydrazide). To be economically comparable with the other treatments, the investment of the XPower should be at maximum between - 219 000 € (glyphosate) and 300 000 € (pelargonic acid + maleic acid), depending on the driving speed. In a holistic view, electrophysical control, as well as pelargonic acid and maleic hydrazide as glyphosate alternatives in the stale seedbed method, are not suitable. A stale seedbed with mechanical control of A. myosuroides is recommended. Keywords: blackgrass, integrated weed management, non-chemical weed control, pelargonic acid, maleic hydrazide Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 522-531 Volume: 69 Issue: 11 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/386/2023-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/386/2023-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202311-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:69:y:2023:i:11:id:386-2023-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jakub Prudil Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University in Brno, Faculty of AgriSciences, Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Lubica Pospíšilová Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University in Brno, Faculty of AgriSciences, Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Tamara Dryšlová Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University in Brno, Faculty of AgriSciences, Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Gabriela Barančíková Author-Workplace-Name: National Agricultural and Food Centre, SSCRI Bratislava, Bratislava, External Working Place Prešov, Prešov, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Vladimír Smutný Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University in Brno, Faculty of AgriSciences, Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Luboš Sedlák Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University in Brno, Faculty of AgriSciences, Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Pavel Ryant Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University in Brno, Faculty of AgriSciences, Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Petr Hlavinka Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University in Brno, Faculty of AgriSciences, Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Global Change Research Institute, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Miroslav Trnka Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University in Brno, Faculty of AgriSciences, Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Global Change Research Institute, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Ján Halas Author-Workplace-Name: National Agricultural and Food Centre, SSCRI Bratislava, Bratislava, External Working Place Prešov, Prešov, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Štefan Koco Author-Workplace-Name: National Agricultural and Food Centre, SSCRI Bratislava, Bratislava, External Working Place Prešov, Prešov, Slovak Republic Author-Workplace-Name: University of Prešov, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, Department of Geography and Applied Geoinformatics, Prešov, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Jozef Takáč Author-Workplace-Name: National Agricultural and Food Centre, SSCRI Bratislava, Bratislava, External Working Place Prešov, Prešov, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Kateřina Boturová Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University in Brno, Faculty of AgriSciences, Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Soňa Dušková Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University in Brno, Faculty of AgriSciences, Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Lubomír Neudert Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University in Brno, Faculty of AgriSciences, Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Michal Rábek Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University in Brno, Faculty of AgriSciences, Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Assessment of carbon sequestration as affected by different management practices using the RothC model Abstract: Long-term field experiments provide a valuable dataset for predicting changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in different agricultural systems. The RothC-26.3 model was used to simulate changes in SOC in the monoculture of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and the Norfolk crop rotation during 1972-2100. The potential of the Gleyic Fluvisol Clayic to sequester organic carbon was investigated. The studied soil was heavily textured, with medium organic carbon content. Four management scenarios in the monoculture and six management scenarios in the Norfolk crop rotation were evaluated. Three different global climate models (MPI, MRI, CMSS) representing the uncertainty of future climate conditions were used. Results showed that carbon stocks were mainly influenced by plant residue inputs and exogenous organic materials application. The projection showed trends of carbon stocks decreasing in the case of monoculture management. Results also documented that management scenario D with straw incorporation and intercrops represented sustainability and carbon stock increase during all modelled climate scenarios. The SOC stock at the end of the century was approximately 66 t/ha. This represents a moderate sequestration of SOC of approximately 0.09 t/ha/year. Keywords: organic carbon accumulation, crop management and climatic conditions, modelling Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 532-544 Volume: 69 Issue: 11 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/291/2023-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/291/2023-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202311-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:69:y:2023:i:11:id:291-2023-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jozef Vilček Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Geography and Applied Geoinformatics, University of Prešov in Prešov,Prešov, Slovak Republic Author-Workplace-Name: National Agricultural and Food Centre, Soil Science and Conservation Research Institute, Prešov, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Matúš Maxin Author-Workplace-Name: National Agricultural and Food Centre, Soil Science and Conservation Research Institute, Prešov, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Monika Lörincová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Geography and Applied Geoinformatics, University of Prešov in Prešov,Prešov, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Miroslav Kudla Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Geography and Applied Geoinformatics, University of Prešov in Prešov,Prešov, Slovak Republic Title: Pedo-climatic predictions and reality of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) growing in Slovakia Abstract: This work aims to differentiate the rural land of Slovakia in view of the possibility of effective sunflower growing. The differentiation is based on pedo-climatic and production-economic parameters. Soil categorisation took into account the correlation between the site properties (soil and climatic conditions) and the biological and agrotechnical requirements of the crops. Sunflower requirements were included in yield databases using software filters such that a given site property excluded or limited sunflower growing, which was reflected in predicted production. The prediction was subsequently interpolated into four suitability categories: soils unsuitable for sunflower growing, less suitable soils, suitable soils and very suitable soils. A map of categories of soil suitability for sunflower growing was created using a Geographic Information System on the distribution of soil parameters in Slovakia. According to our calculation in Slovakia, 18.8% of farmland is very suitable for sunflower growing, 24.9% is suitable, 16.6% is less suitable, and 39.7% is unsuitable for sunflower growing. These categories are characterised and specified in detail in the paper in terms of geographical, soil, climatic, production and economic parameters. The analysis of the actual sowing of sunflowers between 2018 and 2021 showed that 51% of the areas were located in very suitable soils, 32% in suitable, 10% in less suitable soils and 7% in unsuitable soils for cultivation. Keywords: oil crops, land potential, agricultural landscape categorisation Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 545-553 Volume: 69 Issue: 11 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/323/2023-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/323/2023-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202311-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:69:y:2023:i:11:id:323-2023-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kanwar Barjinder Singh Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India Author-Name: Gurpreet Singh Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India Author-Name: Rajeev Kumar Gupta Author-Workplace-Name: School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India Author-Name: Ahmed A. Al-Othman Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Engineering, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Author-Name: Abed Alataway Author-Workplace-Name: Prince Sultan Bin Abdulaziz International Prize for Water Chair, Prince Sultan Institute for Environmental, Water and Desert Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Author-Name: Ahmed Z. Dewidar Author-Workplace-Name: Prince Sultan Bin Abdulaziz International Prize for Water Chair, Prince Sultan Institute for Environmental, Water and Desert Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Author-Name: Mohamed M. Mattar Author-Workplace-Name: Prince Sultan Bin Abdulaziz International Prize for Water Chair, Prince Sultan Institute for Environmental, Water and Desert Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Title: Integrated effect of residue management and drip irrigation on crop growth and water productivity of direct seeded rice Abstract: Crop residue management and water saving are the two major issues for the sustainability of the rice-wheat cropping system. Therefore, a two-year field experiment was conducted in a split-plot design to study the combined effect of three rice residues (residue incorporation (RI), residue standing (RS) and residue removal (RR) and two wheat residue incorporation (WI) and residue removal (WR) management in main plots and two irrigation regimes, i.e., flood (F) and surface drip (SD) in subplots on the growth and water productivity of direct seeded rice (DSR). During both years, RI-WI resulted in significantly higher plant height (PH), leaf area index (LAI) and dry matter accumulation (DMA) than in other residue management treatments. Drip irrigation significantly increased PH, LAI, DMA grain yield, straw, and biological yield, along with a 9.6% irrigation water savings over flood irrigation. During both years, grain yield, straw and biological yield of DSR were significantly higher in RI-WI than in RR-WR and RR-WI. RI-WI had significantly greater apparent water productivity (AWP) and actual water productivity (RWP) of DSR. Drip irrigation had significantly higher AWP and RWP during both years than flood irrigation except RWP during 2017. Transpiration efficiency (TE) in rice residue incorporation was significantly higher than in rice residue standing and removal. During both years, the TE of drip irrigation was also significantly higher than flood irrigation. So, incorporating rice and wheat residues along with drip irrigation improves crop growth and water productivity. Keywords: Oryza sativa L., production, groundwater, precipitation, nutrient Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 554-565 Volume: 69 Issue: 11 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/105/2023-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/105/2023-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202311-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:69:y:2023:i:11:id:105-2023-PSE