Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Bečka Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Lucie Bečková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jaroslav Tomášek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Vlastimil Mikšík Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Mária Viciánová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Agronomic Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Title: Effects of various nitrogen fertilisers applied in autumn on growth parameters, yield and quality of winter oilseed rape Abstract: The aim of this trial was to verify the influence of various autumn-applied nitrogen fertilisers on the growth, yield and quality of winter oilseed rape. In the three years, small-plot field trials were carried out at the Research Station Červený Újezd (50.0697044N, 14.1659086E). The hybrid cultivar DK Exstorm was chosen, with a sowing rate of 50 seeds/m2. Five fertilisation regimes were tested: (1) nitrogen-free control; (2) CAN (calcium ammonium nitrate); (3) ANU (ammonium nitrate urea); (4) U (urea), and (5) US (urea with N-(n-butyl)thiophosphoric acid triamide (NBPT) inhibitor). A uniform dose of 40 kg N/ha was applied at the end of October. Fertilisers U (leaf length, root collar diameter, leaf and root dry weight) and US (number of leaves and root length) had the best growth outcomes. The highest seed yields were obtained with US (5.83 t/ha) and ANU (5.82 t/ha) applications, which outperformed the unfertilised control by 0.65 and 0.64 t/ha, respectively. CAN fertiliser appears to be unsuitable for autumn fertilisation in terms of yield. There were no statistically significant differences in oil content (%) or thousand seed weight (g) between the treatments in any of the experimental years. Keywords: Brassica napus L., oilseed crop, mineral nutrient, autumn nitrogen fertilisation, dry matter Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 317-325 Volume: 70 Issue: 6 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.17221/68/2024-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/68/2024-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202406-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:70:y:2024:i:6:id:68-2024-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wennan Su Author-Workplace-Name: College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, P.R. China Author-Name: Xuefei Tian Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education/College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China Author-Name: Fangyuan Huang Author-Workplace-Name: Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P.R. China Author-Name: Mingjing Wang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, P.R. China Author-Name: Mengtian Wang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, P.R. China Author-Name: Yexuan Zhu Author-Workplace-Name: College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, P.R. China Author-Name: Tao Yan Author-Workplace-Name: College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, P.R. China Author-Name: Xiangling Li Author-Workplace-Name: College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, P.R. China Title: Sustainable controlled-release urea placement depth reduces lodging risk and enhances spring maize productivity Abstract: Deep placement of controlled-release urea is an effective fertiliser management strategy for improving the maize productivity, but it is not clear whether and how controlled-release urea depth affects the stem and root lodging of spring maize. Two consecutive years of field experiments were conducted to elucidate stem and root lodging properties and their relationship between grain yield and lodging behaviours under various controlled-release urea placement depths. Results depicted that compared to broadcast nitrogen treatment (D0), deep controlled-release urea significantly decreased the stem lodging rate by 34.7-80.4%, which contributed to improving the mechanical characteristics of the internode by optimising the internode diameter and dry matter in the third basal internode as well as higher lignin content. In addition, due to a greater and deeper root system (root dry weight, root surface area, root length and root width) as well as larger angle, diameter, and tension of aerial root that significantly decreased root lodging rate (37.0-88.4%). Furthermore, deep placement of controlled-release urea significantly increased the 100-grain weight, grain number and harvested index by constructing a deeper and larger root system, which significantly improved maize grain yield by 14.2-38.5%, and the nitrogen use efficiency increased by 4.8-10.7%. The highest grain yield, nitrogen use efficiency and lowest lodging rate occurred in controlled-release urea placement depths of 15 cm. Hence, our study suggests that controlled-release urea placement depths of 15 cm were an efficient nitrogen fertiliser management strategy to improve crop productivity as well as lodging resistance in spring maize. Keywords: slow-release fertiliser, environmental condition, deep fertilisation, Zea mays L Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 326-341 Volume: 70 Issue: 6 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.17221/41/2024-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/41/2024-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202406-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:70:y:2024:i:6:id:41-2024-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Haiyan Liang Author-Workplace-Name: Shandong Peanut Research Institute/Chinese National Peanut Engineering Research Center, Qingdao, P.R. China Author-Name: Qi Wu Author-Workplace-Name: Shandong Peanut Research Institute/Chinese National Peanut Engineering Research Center, Qingdao, P.R. China Author-Name: Liyu Yang Author-Workplace-Name: Shandong Peanut Research Institute/Chinese National Peanut Engineering Research Center, Qingdao, P.R. China Author-Name: Dianxu Chen Author-Workplace-Name: Shandong Peanut Research Institute/Chinese National Peanut Engineering Research Center, Qingdao, P.R. China Author-Name: Pu Shen Author-Workplace-Name: Shandong Peanut Research Institute/Chinese National Peanut Engineering Research Center, Qingdao, P.R. China Title: Partitioned nitrogen fertilisation in peanut rhizosphere and geocarposphere drives specific variation soil microbiomes Abstract: Peanut is a plant characterised by belowground fruiting that absorbs nutrients not only through its roots but also through its pods. However, little is currently known regarding the species of bacteria that contribute to nutrient absorption and utilisation in this plant's pod and root zones. This study examined the effects of root and pod area nitrogen (N) fertiliser application on peanut rhizosphere and geocarposphere microbial communities and functions. Using two peanut cultivars [nodulated Huayu 22 (H) and non-nodulated NN-1 (B)], we applied the following four treatments: no N fertiliser (HT1, BH1); N applied to geocarposphere soil (HT2, BT2); N applied to rhizosphere soil (HT3, BT3), and N applied to both rhizosphere and geocarposphere soil (HT4, BT4). The results revealed that compared with HT1 and BT1, the HT3, HT4, BT3, and BT4 treatments promoted increases in total plant accumulated N of 11.2, 30.1, 38.5, and 9.9%, respectively. Moreover, N input contributed to an increase in the abundance of bacteria colonising the surrounding pods, which differed significantly from bacteria colonising the rhizosphere. Among the top four bacterial phyla detected, we recorded a significant increase in the relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes in response to treatments HT2 and HT4, whereas the highest relative abundances of Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria were detected in HT3 plants. Regarding cultivar B, we detected increases in the relative abundances of Bacteroidetes and Gemmatimonadetes in response to the BT2 and BT4 treatments, and in the relative abundance of Actinobacteria in BT3 treated soil. The findings of FAPROTAX functional analysis revealed clear differences among the T2, T4, and T3 treatments of two peanut cultivars concerning the functional groups with the highest relative abundances. These findings will make a considerable contribution to enhancing our understanding of the effects of N fertilisation on soil microbial structure and function in the rhizosphere and geocarposphere of peanuts and can provide a basis for identifying beneficial bacteria for promoting N utilisation and yield enhancement. Keywords: Arachis hypogaea L., pod zone, zoot zone, bacterial composition and diversity, nitrogen application Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 342-355 Volume: 70 Issue: 6 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.17221/498/2023-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/498/2023-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202406-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:70:y:2024:i:6:id:498-2023-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yingchun Lv Author-Workplace-Name: School of Geography and Tourism, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao, P.R. China Author-Name: Mengyi Wang Author-Workplace-Name: School of Geography and Tourism, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao, P.R. China Author-Name: Wanxin Tian Author-Workplace-Name: School of Geography and Tourism, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao, P.R. China Author-Name: Haibin Hui Author-Workplace-Name: Agrotechnical Service Center for Rizhao City, Rizhao, P.R. China Title: The content and potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in coastal wetlands around the Bohai Sea Abstract: Coastal wetlands play a vital role in the migration and transformation of heavy metal pollutants in watersheds. There were 30 surface sediment samples that were analysed to investigate the distribution and ecological risks of heavy metals in the coastal wetlands around the Bohai Sea. Our results showed that the average concentrations of Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Cd in these wetlands were 17.92 ± 5.81, 50.29 ± 20.50, 31.53 ± 9.71, 25.37 ± 4.29, 80.13 ± 15.11, and 0.92 ± 0.54 mg/kg, respectively. Relative to other wetlands, Pb (25.43 ± 2.68 mg/kg) and Cd (1.67 ± 0.06 mg/kg) contents were higher in the Liaohe Delta wetland (LHDW). Cu (28.44 ± 3.71 mg/kg), Cr (83.11 ± 5.80 mg/kg), and Ni (45.91 ± 3.02 mg/kg) contents were higher in the Yellow River Delta wetland (YRDW). The Zn (120.86 ± 7.41 mg/kg) content was higher in the Qilihai wetland. Heavy metal concentrations in coastal wetland sediments are shown to be positively correlated with organic matter content. Our results showed that the concentration of heavy metals decreases with increasing sediment particle size. In this study, Cd showed the highest pollution index and, therefore, more attention should be paid to the potential ecological risks of Cd in coastal wetlands around the Bohai Sea, especially in the LHDW and YRDW. Keywords: Bohai rim, Reed coastal wetland, toxic element, pollution assessment, source analysis Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 356-365 Volume: 70 Issue: 6 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.17221/24/2024-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/24/2024-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202406-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:70:y:2024:i:6:id:24-2024-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Xingrong Bai Author-Workplace-Name: College of Geography and Land Engineering, Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi, Yunnan, P.R. China Author-Name: Lili Chen Author-Workplace-Name: College of Geography and Land Engineering, Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi, Yunnan, P.R. China Author-Name: Zhaojie Wang Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research and Development of Natural Products; School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China Author-Name: T. Ryan Lock Author-Workplace-Name: University of Missouri, Division of Plant Science and Technology, Columbia, USA Title: Physiological and metabolic responses of Lolium perenne L. roots to acid stress in cadmium-contaminated soil Abstract: Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) has potential in the phytoremediation of cadmium (Cd)-contaminated soil due to its strong Cd accumulation capacity and high biomass. In this study, we investigated the growth physiology, Cd accumulation, and metabolites of L. perenne roots under different soil acid stress levels (pH 4.0, 4.5, 5.0 and 6.0) and Cd concentrations (100 and 0 mg/kg) after 90 days of growth. The results showed that soil acid stress significantly impacts the remediation capability and physiological metabolic properties of L. perenne. Based on root Cd content and enrichment coefficient, soil pH between 4.5 and 5.0 was more conducive to Cd accumulation. The growth physiology and Cd accumulation of L. perenne were inhibited under high soil acid stress (pH 4.0). High soil acid stress caused a decrease in root length, root volume, and root biomass of L. perenne. Root malondialdehyde (MDA) content and the activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD)) increased significantly in response to high soil acid stress to enhance tolerance. Metabolomics analysis revealed that acid stress resulted in significant changes in certain metabolites. Tartaric acid, fructose and amino acids (glutamate and lysine) in the roots of L. perenne were compatible solutes under acid stress. This study indicated that L. perenne has strong physiological and metabolic tolerance, as well as Cd accumulation ability, in response to soil acid stress. Keywords: adverse stress, heavy metal, metabolite profiling, soil pollution Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 366-376 Volume: 70 Issue: 6 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.17221/494/2023-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/494/2023-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202406-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:70:y:2024:i:6:id:494-2023-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Xiaoqing Yuan Author-Workplace-Name: Dryland-Technology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, P.R. China Author-Name: Yajun Li Author-Workplace-Name: Dryland-Technology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, P.R. China Author-Name: Yan Shi Author-Workplace-Name: Dryland-Technology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, P.R. China Title: Synergistic nitrogen fertiliser effects on nitrogen metabolism of wheat in saline-alkaline land Abstract: In this study, a synergist made of itaconic acid, maleic acid, acrylic acid and other active ingredients polymerised was sprayed on the surface of nitrogen (N) fertiliser particles to make synergistic nitrogen fertilisers (SNF). To explore the effect of SNF on N metabolism of wheat in saline-alkaline land, five treatments were set up: CK - ordinary N fertiliser (299.86 kg N/ha); T1 - SNF (299.86 kg N/ha); T2 - SNF (239.89 kg N/ha); T3 - SNF (179.92 kg N/ha); T4 - SNF (119.94 kg N/ha). The aboveground dry weight of wheat, the photosynthetic characteristics of wheat flag leaves, the activity of the N metabolism enzyme of wheat flag leaves, the expression of N transporter-related genes in wheat roots, and the N accumulation and transport of plants were determined. The results showed that the T1 treatment performed the best. During the two years, the N translocation from stems and leaves to spikes of plants at maturity in T1 was 33.18-45.55% higher than that of CK. The N content of wheat spikes was 12.01-12.66% higher than that of CK. The activities of nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase, glutamate synthetase and the expression of nitrate transporter gene TaNRT1.1 and ammonium transporter gene TaAMT1.1 were significantly higher than that of CK. The aboveground dry weight of wheat and photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaves were significantly higher than those of CK in T1, whereas the intercellular CO2 concentration was significantly lower than that of CK. The application of SNF positively affected N accumulation and transport in wheat, wheat yield, and fertiliser utilisation, as well as reduced N loss in saline-alkaline land. Keywords: saline-alkali stress, nitrogen use efficiency, gene expression, enzyme activity, photosynthesis Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 377-393 Volume: 70 Issue: 6 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.17221/398/2023-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/398/2023-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202406-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:70:y:2024:i:6:id:398-2023-PSE