Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Miodrag Tolimir Author-Workplace-Name: Maize Research Institute "Zemun Polje", Belgrade, Serbia Author-Name: Branka Kresović Author-Workplace-Name: Maize Research Institute "Zemun Polje", Belgrade, Serbia Author-Name: Katarina Gajić Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Soil and Reclamation, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Author-Name: Violeta Anđelković Author-Workplace-Name: Maize Research Institute "Zemun Polje", Belgrade, Serbia Author-Name: Milan Brankov Author-Workplace-Name: Maize Research Institute "Zemun Polje", Belgrade, Serbia Author-Name: Marijana Dugalić Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia Author-Name: Boško Gajić Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Soil and Reclamation, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Title: Integrated effect of irrigation rate and plant density on yield, yield components and water use efficiency of maize Abstract: We investigated, under field conditions and during four years (2018-2021) the effects of five irrigation levels (T1: 100% of crop water requirement; T2: 80% of T1; T3: 60% of T1; T4: 40% of T1, and T5: 0% of T1 - rainfed) in interaction with three planting densities (PD1: 54 900, PD2: 64 900, and PD3 75 200 plants/ha) on the yield, yield components and water use efficiency (WUE) of maize in Srem, Serbia. The results indicate a large year-to-year variability, mainly due to the total amount and distribution of rainfall. Water regime and PD interacted significantly. Irrigation increased grain yield 28, 34, 30 and 18% for treatments T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively, compared to the T5; and significantly influenced the yield components. Planting density had significantly lower effects on grain yield compared to irrigation (+1.4-1.8%). WUE is maximised (3.436 kg/m3) at T4 under 75 200 plants/ha. Grain yield and WUE increased significantly with increasing PD, while the number of grains per ear and the weight of 1 000 grains decreased with increasing PD. In conclusion, limited irrigation at T2 under PD2 may be a viable method to maximise production efficiency and maize yield under the environmental conditions of this study and at sites with similar soil and climatic conditions. Keywords: sprinkler irrigation, deficit irrigation, water stress, Zea mays L Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 475-482 Volume: 70 Issue: 8 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.17221/155/2024-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/155/2024-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202408-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:70:y:2024:i:8:id:155-2024-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Limin Wu Author-Workplace-Name: Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, P.R. China Author-Name: Qiumei Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Henan Fengyuan Seed Company Limited, Xinxiang, P.R. China Author-Name: Ninghai Lu Author-Workplace-Name: Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, P.R. China Title: Poly-glutamic acid reinforces wheat cadmium tolerance by modulating ascorbic acid and glutathione metabolism Abstract: We investigated the influence of poly-glutamic acid (PGA) on ascorbic acid (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) metabolism in leaves of wheat seedlings under cadmium (Cd) stress. The results showed that Cd stress enhanced ascorbate peroxidase, dehydroascorbate reductase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, glutathione reductase, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase activities, and increased AsA and GSH contents. Whereas Cd reduced AsA/dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) and GSH/oxidised glutathione (GSSG) ratios and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content and electrolyte leakage (EL). Meanwhile, Cd stress improved Cd accumulation and nonphotochemical quenching (qN) and decreased soil and plant analyser development (SPAD) value, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), photochemical quenching (qP), quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII), wheat height and dry biomass. Compared to Cd alone, PGA plus Cd stress reinforced AsA and GSH metabolism via the above enzymes and increased AsA and GSH contents and their redox status. PGA plus Cd stress also decreased MDA content and EL. Besides, PGA plus Cd stress decreased Cd accumulation and increased SPAD value, Pn, qN, Fv/Fm, qP, ΦPSII, wheat height and dry biomass. Moreover, PGA alone showed positive effects on the indicators mentioned above. Our results clearly indicated that PGA enhanced wheat Cd tolerance by preventing Cd uptake and enhancing AsA and GSH metabolism. Therefore, PGA can be applied to enhance wheat Cd tolerance in production. Keywords: cadmium toxicity, biostimulant, antioxidant capacity, redox state, photosynthetic traits Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 483-491 Volume: 70 Issue: 8 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.17221/154/2024-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/154/2024-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202408-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:70:y:2024:i:8:id:154-2024-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Shujie Miao Author-Workplace-Name: School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Name: Yinzheng Ma Author-Workplace-Name: School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Name: Yue Wu Author-Workplace-Name: School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Name: Yunfa Qiao Author-Workplace-Name: School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, P.R. China Title: Effects of dose nitrogen on yield and global warming potential in a typical rice-wheat rotation system in China Abstract: A three-year field experiment was carried out to investigate the methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and calculate the global warming potential (GWP) according to all energy input in response to the nitrogen (N) rate in the typical rice-wheat rotation system in Jiangsu, China. Four N treatments, including R220W180 (local practice), R220W140 (cutting 10% total N in wheat season), R180W180 (cutting 10% total N in rice season) and R180W140 (cutting 20% total N in rice and wheat seasons separately), were designed in the study. Results showed that annual CH4 emission was decreased by 25.7% in response to cutting 20% N, which was ascribed to the 24.6% reduction of CH4 emission in rice season (P < 0.05) compared to local practice. The mitigation of N2O emissions in R220W140 and R180R180 treatments contributed to the 8.5% and 15.7% decrease in annual N2O emission, which was the 23.5% decrease in cutting 20% N treatment compared to local practice, respectively. Specifically, under the same amount of N rate condition (10% N cutting), the transfer N from rice season (R220W140) to wheat season (R180W180) led to the 8.5% increase in N2O emission (P < 0.05). In the end, the cutting of 20% N decreased GWP and yield-scale GWP by 19% and 17%, which mainly originated from CH4 and N2O emissions. However, cutting N did not significantly decrease grain yield (P > 0.05). These results suggested that the 180 kg N/ha for rice and 140 kg N/ha for wheat in one rotation season were the beneficial N rate to achieve the co-benefit of yield and GWP in the typical rice-wheat rotation system in Jiangsu, China. Keywords: contribution, decreasing emission, fertilisation, Oryza sativa L., Triticum aestivum L Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 492-501 Volume: 70 Issue: 8 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.17221/25/2024-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/25/2024-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202408-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:70:y:2024:i:8:id:25-2024-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Murugesan Chandrasekaran Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, South Korea Title: The role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in refining plant photosynthesis and water status under drought stress: a meta-analysis Abstract: Due to increased climate change, crop productivity worldwide is in danger. Drought stress is considered one of the major environmental factors in relation to world food security. Previous studies showed that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation alleviates drought stress in various plants. However, whether AMF inoculation efficiency is based on gas exchange or water status and whether the effects differ among plants and AMF species remain unclear. To evaluate the effect of AMF on drought stress alleviation, a meta-analysis was conducted based on random-effect models accounting for effect size variation. Results revealed that photosynthetic rate had the highest effect size among gas exchange traits compared to stomatal conductance and transpiration rate. Our results also showed a significant positive impact on relative water content, water potential, and water use efficiency in AMF-inoculated plants compared to non-inoculated plants. Furthermore, among AMF species, Funneliformis mosseae, followed by Rhizophagus irrgularis, was an efficient AM fungi for drought stress alleviation. Therefore, this study suggests that a higher water use efficiency supports water transport to the leaf surface and keeps the stomatal opening, enhancing photosynthetic responses. Keywords: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, water stress, gas exchange, stress alleviation, plant growth Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 502-508 Volume: 70 Issue: 8 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.17221/27/2024-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/27/2024-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202408-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:70:y:2024:i:8:id:27-2024-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Furong Xiao Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: Chen Feng Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Tillage and Cultivation Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Name: Dongpo Li Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: National Field Observation and Research Station of Shenyang Agro-Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Name: Lili Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Name: Yonghua Li Author-Workplace-Name: North Huajin Chemical Industries Group Corporation, Panjin, P.R. China Author-Name: Yandi Du Author-Workplace-Name: Chaoyang County Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Chaoyang, P.R. China Author-Name: Yan Xue Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Name: Ping Gong Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Name: Yuchao Song Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Name: Ke Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: Yiji Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Title: Effect of the combination of nitrapyrin and gamma-aminobutyric acid on soil nitrogen transformation characteristics and rice yield Abstract: When 2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl) pyridine (nitrapyrin) is applied alone, it typically does not significantly increase crop yield. Therefore, we combined gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) with nitrapyrin to address the limitations of nitrapyrin in enhancing yield. We conducted indoor incubation experiments and pot experiments in Chernozem and Calcic Kastanozem, respectively. The results demonstrated that GABA exerted an influence on the effectiveness of nitrapyrin by altering its degradation rate. In Chernozem, GABA accelerated nitrapyrin degradation, whereas, in Calcic Kastanozem, the results were the opposite. The pot experiment results showed that the combination of nitrapyrin and GABA increased rice total biomass by 5%, grain yield by 18 ± 2%, and plant nitrogen (N) uptake by 9 ± 1% compared to nitrapyrin applied alone. The increase in yield was attributed to the combined effect of nitrapyrin and GABA, which elevated root biomass and leaf area. In contrast, the effect of GABA on yield through altering the degradation rate of nitrapyrin was weaker. Therefore, the combination of nitrapyrin and GABA combined with urea increases rice yields in Chernozem and Calcic Kastanozem. The aim of this endeavour was to foster the development of a novel fertiliser product that offers both favourable agronomic outcomes and environmental benefits. Keywords: yield increase limitations, biostimulant, nutrition, nitrogen use efficiency, agronomic benefits Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 509-522 Volume: 70 Issue: 8 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.17221/95/2024-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/95/2024-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202408-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:70:y:2024:i:8:id:95-2024-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chuanyu Zhou Author-Workplace-Name: College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China Author-Name: Hongyu Qian Author-Workplace-Name: College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China Author-Name: Aiyang Liu Author-Workplace-Name: College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China Author-Name: Yufu Hu Author-Workplace-Name: College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China Author-Name: Wei Wang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China Author-Name: Gang Chen Author-Workplace-Name: College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China Author-Name: Zhi Li Author-Workplace-Name: College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China Title: Rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil organic carbon and its labile fractions in alpine desertified grassland affected by vegetation restoration Abstract: Grasslands are the predominant land use type in China, which is currently encountering significant desertification issues. Consequently, restoring grassland vegetation has important implications for terrestrial carbon (C) levels and, consequently, the global C balance. This study focused on Salix cupularis, the primary plant used for desert control on the eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. We analysed the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil up to the depth of 60 cm after Salix cupularis growth for 0-24 years, examining soil total organic carbon (TOC) and its labile fractions. Following restoration, there was a gradual increase in TOC and its labile fractions, with the most significant changes observed in the rhizosphere soil at a depth of 0-20 cm. After 24 years of restoration, the TOC content in both rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil had increased by 141.74% and 39.44%, respectively. Labile organic C in the rhizosphere soil increased more rapidly and pronouncedly compared with the TOC. Specifically, dissolved organic C and easily oxidised organic C in the rhizosphere soil saw substantial increases of 211.03% and 217.65%, respectively. Meanwhile, compared with the 4 years of restoration, soil C pool management index of the 8-24 years soils increased, ranging from 15.70% to 132.21%. Therefore, long-term vegetation restoration on the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau can significantly enhance TOC and its labile fractions, as well as improve soil C sink capacity and quality. Keywords: ecological restoration, ecosystem, soil labile carbon, carbon pool management index, soil depth Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 523-533 Volume: 70 Issue: 8 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.17221/106/2024-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/106/2024-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-202408-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:70:y:2024:i:8:id:106-2024-PSE