Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chandra Sekhar Paul
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Luka Stefanovic
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Tatiana Robledo-Mahón
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology, Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
Author-Name: Filip Mercl
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Jiřina Száková
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Pavel Tlustoš
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Title: Agricultural waste-based lactic acid production by the fungus Rhizopus oryzae: a tool for sustainable polylactic acid production for agricultural use - a review
Abstract: Lactic acid has gained considerable attention globally due to its multi-purpose application. Commercial lactic acid production uses the fungal species Rhizopus oryzae, which produces other organic acids. A crucial point of effective fungal organic acid production is matching the fungal strains' requirements, where the carbon source plays a major role. The highest production rate is achieved when glucose is used as a carbon source. Alternatively, we can apply carbon-rich agricultural residues as carbon sources. Using agricultural waste for lactic acid production provides a sustainable and cost-effective feedstock but also helps to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by diverting waste from landfills and decreasing reliance on fossil fuels. Moreover, polylactic acid (PLA) produced from lactic acid monomers can occur in numerous agricultural applications. We should delve deeper into sustainable methods of using carbon residues to recycle waste, foster the circular economy, and advance sustainable agriculture. Therefore, there is a need for further research on the commercial use of agricultural and food industry wastes for lactic acid production.
Keywords: biochemical process, biotechnology, fungi, organic acids
Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment
Pages: 739-750
Volume: 70
Issue: 12
Year: 2024
DOI: 10.17221/416/2024-PSE
File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/416/2024-PSE.html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Roland Gerhards
Author-Workplace-Name: Weed Science Department, Institute for Phytomedicine, University of Hohenheim (360), Stuttgart, Germany
Author-Name: Kerstin Hüsgen
Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Technology Center Augustenberg, Department of Plant Protection, Karlsruhe, Germany
Author-Name: Klaus Gehring
Author-Workplace-Name: Baverian State Institution of Agriculture (LfL), Institute for Plant Protection, Department of Weed Science, Freising, Germany
Title: Evaluation of mechanical and combined chemical with mechanical weeding in maize (Zea mays L.), soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr. and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Abstract: Joint field experiments were established in Southwestern Germany to investigate the potential of herbicide savings on-farm sites with high densities of problematic weed species. From 2020 until 2024, 21 field studies were conducted in maize, soybean and winter wheat, all realised as randomised complete block designs with four replications. Mechanical weeding and two combined chemical with mechanical weeding methods were compared to conventional broadcast pre- and post-emergence herbicide spraying and an untreated control. Weed density, herbicide savings, greenhouse gas emissions and crop yield were determined for all treatments. On average, 142 weeds/m2 were counted in the untreated plots. The most frequent weed species were Chenopodium album, Echinochloa crus-galli, Solanum nigrum, Stellaria media, and Veronica persica. Combined chemical with mechanical weed control in soybean and winter wheat was more effective than chemical and mechanical weed control alone. In maize, the combination of hoeing and herbicide application achieved equal weed control efficacy (WCE) as chemical weeding alone. Hoeing removed less intra-row weeds than inter-row weeds. Hoeing and harrowing had low WCE against Chenopodium album and perennial weed species. Combined treatments reduced herbicide use by 24-60% in relation to conventional herbicide treatments. Mechanical and combined weed control achieved equal yield as the conventional herbicide treatment. This study underlines the potential for herbicide savings by integrating mechanical weed control methods.
Keywords: weed competition, band-spraying, integrated weed management
Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment
Pages: 751-759
Volume: 70
Issue: 12
Year: 2024
DOI: 10.17221/386/2024-PSE
File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/386/2024-PSE.html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nils Carsten Thomas Ellersiek
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Applied Sciences Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
Author-Name: Hans-Werner Olfs
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Applied Sciences Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
Title: Lessons learnt from the use of passive samplers to measure ammonia emissions in multi-plot experiments
Abstract: Chemical additives can reduce ammonia emissions from ammonium-containing fertilisers. We aimed to investigate the effect of an additive based on carboxylic acid derivatives on ammonia emissions from slurry. In a randomised multi-plot field trial, three slurry treatments with increasing amounts of the additive based on carboxylic acid derivates were tested in comparison to untreated slurry and mineral fertiliser. Ammonia emissions were measured with so-called passive samplers, a method already used in numerous studies. However, problems arose during the evaluation of the collected data, so we examined the methodology used in more detail. The results of the measurements were analysed with regard to their spatial distribution and temporal variation. The results show that the more additives were used, the less ammonia was emitted, up to an emission reduction of 48% at the highest additive application rate. However, the spatial distribution of ammonia emissions reveals a drift of ammonia and, thus, an interaction between the plots. Thus, even in unfertilised plots, ammonia emissions of up to 50% of the treatment with the highest emissions were determined. Furthermore, it was also proven that the different times at which the slurry was applied influenced the level of ammonia emissions. Due to the interaction between the plots and the temporal differences in the application of the slurry, measuring ammonia emissions with passive samplers in multi-plot field trials, as presented in this study, is not suitable to quantify differences between the ammonia emissions from different treatments. Based on these results, recommendations for the use of passive samplers to measure ammonia emissions in field trials are proposed.
Keywords: acid traps, ammonia drift, measurement technique, NH3 emission, slurry additive
Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment
Pages: 760-771
Volume: 70
Issue: 12
Year: 2024
DOI: 10.17221/453/2024-PSE
File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/453/2024-PSE.html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jinyue Ying
Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, P.R. China
Author-Workplace-Name: College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, P.R. China
Author-Name: Xi Zhang
Author-Workplace-Name: Red River Research Station and School of Plant, Environmental and Soil Sciences, Louisiana State University-Agricultural Center, Bossier City, USA
Author-Name: Weixiang Wu
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
Author-Name: Qiong Nan
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
Author-Name: Guorong Wang
Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural (Forestry) Technology Promotion Center, Xiaoshan, Hangzhou, P.R. China
Author-Name: Da Dong
Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, P.R. China
Author-Workplace-Name: College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, P.R. China
Title: The effects of long-term rice straw and biochar return on soil humus composition and structure in paddy soil
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of continuous application of rice straw and biochar for 10 years on soil humus composition and structure in paddy soil. A 10-year field experiment was conducted in a paddy field and included three treatments: rice straw biochar (SC); rice straw (RS), no biochar or rice straw. The elemental analyser, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum, and three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy with fluorescence regional integration (FRI) analysis were used to study the soil humus composition and structure under different treatments. The results verified that the incorporation of rice straw and biochar significantly improved soil pH values and the soil organic carbon contents compared with the control. Rice straw significantly increased the contents of extractable humus, humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid in soil, while biochar only significantly affected HA and humic degree values. The molecular structure of HA affected by biochar is characterised by high humification and aromaticity, but rice straw increased the aliphaticity of the HA structure, as presented by elemental composition. Moreover, 3D EEM spectroscopy combined with FRI analysis showed that RS treatment formed soil humus had more aliphatic compounds, while SC treatment increased the aromatic components of humus. These results suggest that rice straw promotes the renewal of humus, and biochar enhances the humification degree of humus and the aromaticity of HA.
Keywords: ecosystem, FT-IR spectrum, carbon cycle, microorganism, structural properties
Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment
Pages: 772-782
Volume: 70
Issue: 12
Year: 2024
DOI: 10.17221/179/2024-PSE
File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/179/2024-PSE.html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xiangzhu Wang
Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Green & Smart Chemical Engineering in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, P.R. China
Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, P.R. China
Author-Name: Man Wu
Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Green & Smart Chemical Engineering in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, P.R. China
Author-Name: Chengbin Sun
Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Green & Smart Chemical Engineering in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, P.R. China
Author-Name: Miao Liu
Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, P.R. China
Author-Name: Liyu Yang
Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, P.R. China
Author-Name: Haiyan Liang
Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, P.R. China
Author-Name: Qi Wu
Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, P.R. China
Author-Name: Pu Shen
Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, P.R. China
Title: Biochar distribution mode in soil affects the vegetative peanut growth, nitrogen uptake and nitrogen-fixing bacteria activity
Abstract: Biochar plays an important role in agricultural production as it can improve soil fertility, promote nutrient adsorption and enhance plant growth. However, the distribution of biochar in the soil significantly impacts its application effect. In order to investigate the impact of non-uniform biochar distribution on soil nutrient uptake, root shape, peanut development, and the makeup of soil microbial communities, we carried out greenhouse peanut pot studies. This experiment followed a completely randomised design with four treatments, each with three replications. The four treatments were as follows: no biochar application (B0); concentrated biochar application near seeds (B1); relatively concentrated surface application of biochar (B2), and uniformly dispersed application of biochar (B3). The findings demonstrated that, compared to the no-biochar scenario, the aboveground and root nitrogen uptake was significantly (P < 0.05) improved by the B2 treatment, increasing by 42.79% and 51.39%, respectively, compared to the control group. Additionally, it reduced the concentrations of NO3--N and NH4+-N in the soil. The B2 treatment also significantly (P < 0.05) increased the net photosynthetic rate and aboveground dry matter weight, increasing by 196.85% and 53.96%, respectively, compared to the B0 treatment. The B1 and B3 treatments also demonstrated a higher promoting effect. The growth of the root system and the quantity of root nodules were promoted by the addition of biochar. The number of root nodules in the B2 treatment was 72.22% higher than that in the control group. In terms of microbial and bacterial communities, the addition of biochar increased the number of nitrogen-fixing bacteria to a certain extent, while the relative abundance of soil bacterial communities showed no significant differences. In general, the non-uniform distribution of biochar in the soil significantly affected peanuts' vegetative growth and developmental effects. The relatively concentrated surface application of biochar treatments contributes to improving plant nutrient uptake and root system development. This provides a more effective application method for agricultural personnel to apply biochar fertiliser in the future.
Keywords: photosynthesis, root morphology, nitrogen content, organic carbon, enzyme activity
Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment
Pages: 783-798
Volume: 70
Issue: 12
Year: 2024
DOI: 10.17221/228/2024-PSE
File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/228/2024-PSE.html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yingguo Wang
Author-Workplace-Name: Technology Innovation Center for Land Engineering and Human Settlements, Shaanxi Land Engineering Construction Group Co. Ltd. and Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
Author-Workplace-Name: Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Land Engineering and Technology, Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
Author-Name: Tingting Cao
Author-Workplace-Name: Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Land Engineering and Technology, Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
Author-Name: Juan Li
Author-Workplace-Name: Technology Innovation Center for Land Engineering and Human Settlements, Shaanxi Land Engineering Construction Group Co. Ltd. and Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Land Engineering and Technology, Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
Author-Name: Hang Zhou
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Land Engineering and Technology, Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering, the Ministry of Land and Resources, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
Author-Name: Haiou Zhang
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Land Engineering and Technology, Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering, the Ministry of Land and Resources, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
Title: Study on the main physicochemical characteristics of different plant cultivation substrates and their effects on standard roses
Abstract: Standard roses are a widely used ornamental plant in urban landscapes, valued for their attractive flowers and adaptability to various environmental conditions. This study investigated how different substrate types affect the growth and development of standard roses and their potential to improve the ecology of urban landscapes. Nine substrate conditions (rotted corn stover, decomposed shiitake mushroom residue, perlite, and combinations) were compared with field soil as a control treatment. The physical and chemical characteristics of each substrate were analysed, and the growth and development of standard rose plants were observed over six months. The results indicated that the substrate T4 (70% rotted corn stover, 15% decomposed shiitake mushroom residue, 15% perlite) achieved the highest evaluation index, leading to superior plant growth compared to other substrates. This combination provided optimal water retention, aeration, and nutrient supply, making it the most effective substrate for cultivating standard roses. Additionally, the use of these substrates can improve soil quality and reduce environmental pollution, offering a sustainable option for urban landscape management.
Keywords: physicochemical properties, physiological index, principal component analysis, nutrient interactions, soilless culture
Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment
Pages: 799-808
Volume: 70
Issue: 12
Year: 2024
DOI: 10.17221/258/2024-PSE
File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/258/2024-PSE.html
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