Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Jelínek Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Dědina Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Plíva Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Souček Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Research of biological agents effects on reduction of ammonia concentration in stables of intensive farm animals breeding Abstract: In the study are presented results of experiments using bio-technological agents Amalgerol, Bio-Algeen G-40 and Biostrong 510 in intensive pig, poultry breeding and cattle slurry treatment for ammonia emissions reduction. The measuring was conducted, suggested and verified by continual method through the measuring station ASECO and instrument 1312 Photoacoustic Multi-gas Monitor of firm INNOVA Air Tech Instruments. The reached results confirm unambiguously possibility to reduce ammonia emissions from farm animals breeding. Keywords: ammonia emissions, living environment, slurry, pigs, poultry Journal: Research in Agricultural Engineering Pages: 43-53 Volume: 50 Issue: 2 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4926-RAE File-URL: http://rae.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4926-RAE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/rae-200402-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlrae:v:50:y:2004:i:2:id:4926-RAE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Blahovec Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Mareš Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: F. Paprštein Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Static and dynamic tests of pear bruise sensitivity Abstract: The paper is a continuation of the preceding research of bruising sensitivity applied to different pear varieties. This study was based on quasi-static fruit testing in compression between two plates. One part of the method is based on determining the hysteresis losses corresponding to the predetermined low level bruising. This paper contains an attempt to apply the hysteresis loss concept to dynamical impact tests, which are simpler and quicker then quasi-static ones. Moreover the impact tests are closer to the character of deformations that initiating the bruising process in real conditions. Nine pear varieties were tested quasi-statically by the method developed previously. The same varieties were tested also dynamically in a special pendulum with flat and round indentors. The results show that the dynamic test is less sensitive in determining the bruising susceptibility than the previous quasistatic one. Moreover the success of the dynamic test depends on the shape of the indentor. Acceptable results were obtained with a flat indentor in contrast to the round indentor. For the last modification of the indentor we obtained the results, from which it was practically impossible to determine the maximal value of the hysteresis losses at which no bruise spots were formed. Keywords: pears, bruising, compression, impact, bruise volume, absorbed energy, hysteresis losses, degree of elasticity, quality, indentor, spherical, indentor with a flat head Journal: Research in Agricultural Engineering Pages: 54-60 Volume: 50 Issue: 2 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4927-RAE File-URL: http://rae.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4927-RAE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/rae-200402-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlrae:v:50:y:2004:i:2:id:4927-RAE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Heneman Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Change in humidity of solid biofuels Abstract: Humidity, as one of the most important physical properties of pressed solid biofuels, affects thel calorific value of the biofuel and its consistency. Biofuel humidity depends on the initial humidity of raw material, which varies and depends on many factors. Method of manufacture and place and duration of storage have a considerable effect on solid biofuel humidity as well. Humidity of pressed solid biofuels changes not only during the pressing itself, when temperature increases by compression and a part of contained moisture evaporates, but also in the course of handling and storage under unstable environment conditions with high relative air humidity, when, on the contrary, their humidity gradually increases due to their hygroscopicity. Properties of solid biofuels change with their increasing humidity - their calorific value and consistency decreasing and the share of crumbles increasing. Keywords: phytomass, solid biofuels, humidity, calorific value Journal: Research in Agricultural Engineering Pages: 61-65 Volume: 50 Issue: 2 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4928-RAE File-URL: http://rae.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4928-RAE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/rae-200402-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlrae:v:50:y:2004:i:2:id:4928-RAE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Fríd Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Faculty, South Bohemian University, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Šabatka Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Faculty, South Bohemian University, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Celjak Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Faculty, South Bohemian University, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Title: The effect of working conditions on the selected parameters of duckfoot shares Abstract: We measured a series of six duckfoot shares in the years 1999-2000. The purpose of the research project resulted from the Grant EP7111 and the Research project MSM J06/98:122200002/I. We described forces affecting machine implements and we consequently calculated measuring resistances during the ploughing. The deeper the subterranean the higher the linear growth of forces. If the subterranean rises from eight to ten centimetres, it will appear an increase in forces of 59.61% in the horizontal plane and of 30.84% in the vertical plane. If the driving speed increases from 5.91 km/h to 11.38 km/h, i.e. 1.64 m/s to 3.16 m/s, the forces will intensify to 53.11% in the horizontal plane and to 25.8% in the vertical plane. We deducted an outstanding influence of soil moisture on the resistance of the duckfoot shares at all three stages. Keywords: forces, resistivity of loosening, speed of operation, depth, soil moisture Journal: Research in Agricultural Engineering Pages: 66-74 Volume: 50 Issue: 2 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4929-RAE File-URL: http://rae.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4929-RAE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/rae-200402-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlrae:v:50:y:2004:i:2:id:4929-RAE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Březina Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Filípek Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Šenberger Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Application of ductile iron in the manufacture of ploughshares Abstract: The service life and reliability of machines for basic soil cultivation is mainly affected by abrasive wear. The working tools of these machines are mostly made of steel. The paper deals with the possibility of manufacturing ploughshares and reversible points of austempered ductile iron (ADI). The authors examine the abrasion resistance of ADI working tools and compare it with that of the material applied by a leading world manufacturer of ploughshares. Using an appropriate mode of the heat treatment of ADI, abrasion resistance comparable to that of the original tools can be obtained. Keywords: abrasive wear, ploughshares, ductile iron, austempering Journal: Research in Agricultural Engineering Pages: 75-80 Volume: 50 Issue: 2 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4930-RAE File-URL: http://rae.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4930-RAE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/rae-200402-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlrae:v:50:y:2004:i:2:id:4930-RAE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Rybář Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic Title: External factors and their impact on the metabolism and technological quality of stored sugar beet Abstract: Technological quality of sugar beet is a complex of biological, chemical, physico-chemical and mechanical properties of the sugar beet root, which are conclusive to decide upon a proper warehousing and subsequent processing of the crop aimed at reaching a maximum yield of white refined sugar (raffinade). It is affected by a number of external and internal factors of the field during the growing season and during the post-harvest storage. This particularly applies to sugar beet meant for sugar factory processing in the months of November and December, i.e. to about 40-60% of total sugar beet crop harvested in the Czech Republic. Having been lifted at the end of vegetation, the root still remains to be a living organism with its specific metabolism which can be characterized by a high loss of bioenergy the size of which can be influenced not only by the harvest quality as expressed by the rate of surface damage to the roots, but also by weather factors such as alternating temperatures, solar radiation intensity, precipitations, etc. For this part of the production it is necessary to adopt measures that would minimize the loss of sugar beet roots weight and technological quality during the storage. One of possibilities to slow down the process of this mechanism of losses is to cover the mechanical beet storage in order to create a semi-permeable layer between the beet floor and the surrounding environment, which would slow-down the process of respiration. Keywords: sugar beet, storage, losses, sugar content Journal: Research in Agricultural Engineering Pages: 81-87 Volume: 50 Issue: 2 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4931-RAE File-URL: http://rae.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4931-RAE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/rae-200402-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlrae:v:50:y:2004:i:2:id:4931-RAE