Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Pexa Author-Workplace-Name: Department for Quality and Dependability of Machines, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Kubín Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Effect of rapeseed methyl ester on emission production Abstract: This paper describes the effect of a mixture of rapeseed methyl ester and diesel oil on emission production of tractor engine. The hydraulic dynamometer was used to load the engine of Zetor Forterra 8641 tractor over rear power take-off. The measured tractor is almost new with less than 100 h worked. The measurements were realized for several ratios of diesel oil and rapeseed methyl ester (from pure diesel to pure rapeseed methyl ester). The engine was loaded by the dynamometer in several working points which were predefined by engine speed and its torque. The production of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) were measured in each of these points. The comparison of different fuels was performed using the Non-Road Steady Cycle (NRSC) test procedure. Engine maps were also created for each emission component and for all of tested fuels. Keywords: biofuel, ecology, NRSC, engine characteristic Journal: Research in Agricultural Engineering Pages: 1-9 Volume: 60 Issue: 1 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/71/2012-RAE File-URL: http://rae.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/71/2012-RAE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/rae-201401-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlrae:v:60:y:2014:i:1:id:71-2012-RAE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Z Konrád Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J Los Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J Fryč Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J Kudělka Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Analysis of using brewery mash for energy Abstract: In contrast to waste in a full sense of the word, brewery mash is not considered as waste nowadays but rather as a material for various kinds of use. It can be fed to animals or processed to produce biogas. Various scientific and state institutions conduct experiments to find other possibilities of its use. Our experiment was focused on analysing the energy potential of this material. Keywords: beer, by-product, combustion heat, brewery mash, stamping, pellets Journal: Research in Agricultural Engineering Pages: 10-16 Volume: 60 Issue: 1 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/21/2013-RAE File-URL: http://rae.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/21/2013-RAE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/rae-201401-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlrae:v:60:y:2014:i:1:id:21-2013-RAE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Dalias Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Research Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus Author-Name: P. Polycarpou Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Research Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus Title: Decomposition of the biodiesel by-product, crude glycerol, in soil Abstract: The disposal of crude glycerol, the biodiesel by-product, may become an economic or environmental problem in cases where no trading of this material is possible. This study aimed at evaluating the decomposability in soil of the unpurified glycerol fraction taken after the transesterification of oil using sodium hydroxide as a catalyst. The immediate effect of glycerol incorporation was a considerable increase in soil pH. In soil samples characterized by low biological activity this pH increase did not permit microbial development although the time lag before the growth of microorganisms feeding on glycerol was shortened after the addition of a nitrogen inorganic source. On the contrary, in soils with higher organic matter content and active microbial communities, excess alkalinity was rapidly eliminated and glycerol C mineralization progressed with a relatively high rate reaching 53% of initial C added after 2.5 months of incubation when an inorganic nitrogen source was available. It is concluded that results allow for further consideration of the possibility of spreading glycerol on soil or including it in compost piles. Keywords: glycerine, C mineralization, soil respiration Journal: Research in Agricultural Engineering Pages: 17-23 Volume: 60 Issue: 1 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/1/2013-RAE File-URL: http://rae.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1/2013-RAE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/rae-201401-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlrae:v:60:y:2014:i:1:id:1-2013-RAE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: T. Šima Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Machines and Production Systems, Faculty of Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: L. Nozdrovický Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Machines and Production Systems, Faculty of Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: K. Krištof Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Machines and Production Systems, Faculty of Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: J. Krupička Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Machines, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Impact of the size of nitrogen fertiliser application rate on N2O flux Abstract: The application rate of a nitrogen fertiliser is one of the most important factors that affect the nitrous oxide (N2O) flux. Calk ammonium nitrate with 27% nitrogen content was spread by a fertiliser spreader VICON RS-L connected with a tractor Zetor 16145 and incorporated into the soil by a power harrow Pöttinger Lion 301 six hours after spreading. Monitoring points were selected based on the size of application rate 0, 100, 200 and 300 kg/ha and were measured 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after fertiliser application and incorporation into the soil. Nitrous oxide emissions were measured by a photoacoustic field gas monitor INNOVA 1412 with a multipoint sampler INNOVA 1309. Based on the data obtained, there were found statistically significant differences among time intervals and among the size of the application rate at a 95.0% confidence level. Results have shown impacts of the size of fertiliser application rate and time interval after fertilisation on nitrous oxide flux. Keywords: nitrous oxide, soil emissions, fertilising, fertiliser spreader Journal: Research in Agricultural Engineering Pages: 24-29 Volume: 60 Issue: 1 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/81/2012-RAE File-URL: http://rae.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/81/2012-RAE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/rae-201401-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlrae:v:60:y:2014:i:1:id:81-2012-RAE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: N.A. Aviara Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural and Environmental Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria Author-Name: A.A. Lawal Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural and Environmental Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria Author-Name: H.M. Mshelia Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural and Environmental Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria Author-Name: D. Musa Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural and Environmental Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria Title: Effect of moisture content on some engineering properties of mahogany (Khaya senegalensis) seed and kernel Abstract: Some engineering properties of mahogany seed and kernel were investigated and expressed as a function of moisture content. In the moisture ranges of 7.1-32% and 5.3-22% (d.b.), respectively, the seed and kernel length, width and thickness increased with increase in moisture content. One thousand seed and kernel weight increased linearly with moisture content. True density, bulk density, porosity and angle of repose of seed and kernel also increased with increase in moisture content. Static and kinetic coefficients of friction increased linearly with moisture content and varied with structural surfaces. Specific heat increased with increase in both moisture content and temperature. Regression equations were used to express the relationships existing between the engineering properties and seed and kernel moisture contents. Keywords: Khaya senegalensis, physical properties, frictional properties, thermal properties, specific heat, Nigeria Journal: Research in Agricultural Engineering Pages: 30-36 Volume: 60 Issue: 1 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/10/2012-RAE File-URL: http://rae.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10/2012-RAE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/rae-201401-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlrae:v:60:y:2014:i:1:id:10-2012-RAE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Müller Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Material Science and Manufacturing Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Valášek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Material Science and Manufacturing Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic Title: Environmental degradation aspects influencing coach-working one-component epoxy adhesives Abstract: Degradation processes act on adhesive bonds behaviour in a negative way. The aim of experiments is to set the influence of liquid contaminants on strength changes of the adhesive bonds created with the adhesive used in the area of a coach-work construction. It is presumed according to a hypothesis that the adhesives applied in the construction of traffic and electricity means are resisting to liquid contaminants. The rain water, 33% solution of the rain-water and halite and the oil were used as the degradation mediums/environments. On the basis of evaluated experiments it can be said that resultant strength of the adhesive bonds decreases in the course of time at simultaneous affection of the environment. The measure of the strength decrease depends on specific conditions of the environment; however, it can be as much as 55%. The significant contaminant is the solution of the water and halite. Keywords: adhesive bond strength, corrosion, diffusion, failure area, liquid contaminants Journal: Research in Agricultural Engineering Pages: 37-43 Volume: 60 Issue: 1 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/42/2013-RAE File-URL: http://rae.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/42/2013-RAE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/rae-201401-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlrae:v:60:y:2014:i:1:id:42-2013-RAE