Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Pešek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Technological Equipment of Buildings, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Science Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Přikryl Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Technological Equipment of Buildings, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Science Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Technical possibilities of the cutting oils filtration residues combustion Abstract: The value of consumption share of electricity from renewable sources in the Czech Republic up to 8% in 2010 stems from an individual obligation adopted by the Czech Republic when signing the Kyoto Protocol of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. One of the possibilities how to reduce greenhouse gases emissions from fossil fuels consists in biomass burning. Biomass used for power purposes is obtained on purpose as a result of production activities or it originates from utilization of wastes from agricultural, forest and industrial production. In biomass burning, the boiler used produces carbon dioxide, recyclable in nature. Increase of the amount of municipal and technological waste including materials that are heavily soiled and difficult to recycle pushed up demand to obtain the best possible solutions in terms of both technological and economic terms. Recycling of materials can provide multiple circulations which have to lead to final solution such as storage or use in energy production. One of the solutions shall consist in recommending the installation of the sorting line, the homogenizer, and possibly a pelletizer to ensure sufficient homogeneity of the material. Keywords: renewable sources of energy, gases emissions, biomass, municipal wastes, burning Journal: Research in Agricultural Engineering Pages: 45-49 Volume: 60 Issue: 2 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/33/2010-RAE File-URL: http://rae.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/33/2010-RAE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/rae-201402-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlrae:v:60:y:2014:i:2:id:33-2010-RAE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Malaťák Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Technological Equipment of Buildings, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Bradna Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Use of waste material mixtures for energy purposes in small combustion devices Abstract: The article assesses the energy use of solid biofuels (wheat and rape straw) and their blends with suitable additives (cocoa husks, brown coal and coal sludge). The elemental and stoichiometric analysis evaluates their suitability for energy recovery. Furthermore, thermal emission characteristics in automatic hot water boiler VERNER A251 are observed. The results of thermal emission measurements show that all samples meet the requirements of the Directive No. 13/2006 for carbon monoxide (2,000 mg/m3). The average nitrogen oxides emission concentrations exceed emission limits compared with the Directive No. 13/2006 (250 mg/m3) for all samples of solid biofuels. One reason is the high temperature in the combustion chamber that increases combustion temperature and results in high temperature of nitrogen oxides. Another problem is carbon monoxide that depends on the coefficient of excess air. The value of this coefficient drops under its optimum (2.5) and subsequently follows an increasing trend. Keywords: biomass, additives, cocoa husks, brown coal, coal sludge, net calorific value, emission Journal: Research in Agricultural Engineering Pages: 50-59 Volume: 60 Issue: 2 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/78/2012-RAE File-URL: http://rae.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/78/2012-RAE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/rae-201402-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlrae:v:60:y:2014:i:2:id:78-2012-RAE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D. Sochr Author-Workplace-Name: Blue Power - Energetické systémy s.r.o., Nenačovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: R. Adamovský Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Kára Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Hanzlíková Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Evaluation of the influence of fermentation input substrates preparation on biogas production intensity Abstract: The article is aimed at verification of the effect of chaff length of fermented material and duration time of the contact of material with oxygen before dosing into the fermenter, on production and energy content of biogas. The results of the verification showed an effect of chaff length in the fermented material on production and energy content of the biogas at processing grass silage with high content of dry-matter and especially maize silage. When processing maize silage, optimal length of chaff in terms of production and energy content of biogas was 13 mm, with grass silage it was from 69 to 112 mm. Verification of the influence of time of grass silage and maize silage contact with air oxygen before dosing into the fermenter did not confirm our hypothesis. It was demonstrated that production and energy content of the biogas increase together with the length of duration of 7 days compared to fermentation of material after max. 3 h of contact with air oxygen. Keywords: biogas plant, energy crop, grass silage, maize silage, energy content Journal: Research in Agricultural Engineering Pages: 60-67 Volume: 60 Issue: 2 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/72/2012-RAE File-URL: http://rae.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/72/2012-RAE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/rae-201402-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlrae:v:60:y:2014:i:2:id:72-2012-RAE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Kabutey Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: D. Herák Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: O. Dajbych Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Divišová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: W.E. Boatri Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Sustainable Technologies, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: R. Sigalingging Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Deformation energy of Jatropha curcas L. seeds under compression loading Abstract: The present research is a follow-up of the previous studies on mechanical behaviour of Jatropha curcas L. seeds under compression loading. The research describes in detail the deformation energy which was determined from the area under the force-deformation curve. The compression device ZDM 50-2313/56/18 with a chart recorder and pressing vessel of diameter 76 mm were used to record the force-deformation functions of varying moisture content between 8.46% and 36.50% w.b. of Jatropha curcas L. seeds. Under the force-deformation curve, three main descriptions namely the increasing function (smooth curve), wave-effect characteristics (serration effect) and whole area under the force-deformation curve were analysed. For each of the force-deformation curve descriptions, it was found that moisture content influenced the values of compressive force, deformation, deformation energy and seed hardness. Interestingly, the research findings conclude that moisture content is a primary factor contributing to the wave-effect characteristics on the force-deformation curve. Keywords: seed moisture content, compressive force, deformation curve, smooth curve, serration effect Journal: Research in Agricultural Engineering Pages: 68-74 Volume: 60 Issue: 2 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/15/2012-RAE File-URL: http://rae.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/15/2012-RAE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/rae-201402-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlrae:v:60:y:2014:i:2:id:15-2012-RAE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S.P. Sonawane Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Process Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, India Author-Name: G.P. Sharma Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Processing and Food Engineering, College of Technology and Engineering, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, India Author-Name: N.J. Thakor Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Process Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, India Author-Name: R.C. Verma Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Processing and Food Engineering, College of Technology and Engineering, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, India Title: Moisture-dependent physical properties of kokum seed (Garcinia indica Choisy) Abstract: Designing the equipment for processing, sorting and sizing of agricultural crops requires information about the crops' physical properties. The physical properties of kokum seed were evaluated as a function of moisture content in the range of 7.35 to 25.79% d.b. (dry basis). The average length, width, thickness and one thousand seed mass were 17.17 mm, 10.66 mm, 5.87 mm and 410 g, respectively, at a moisture content of 7.35% d.b. The average value of geometric mean diameter and sphericity were 10.19 mm and 59.75%, respectively, at moisture content of 7.35% d.b. As the moisture content increased from 7.35 to 25.79% d.b., the bulk density increased from 345 to 396 kg/m3, true density decreased from 1179 to 1070 kg/m3, and the corresponding porosity decreased from 65.73 to 55.46%; the repose angle and terminal velocity increased from 32.1 to 42.3° and 4.30 to 6.73 m/s,respectively. The static coefficient of friction increased on three structural surfaces namely, glass (0.59-0.73), stainless steel (0.81-0.87) and plywood (0.74-0.83) in the moisture range from 7.35 to 25.79% d.b. Linear regression equations were used to express the physical properties of kokum seeds as a function of moisture content. Keywords: kokum butter, engineering properties, angle of repose, terminal velocity, static coefficient of friction Journal: Research in Agricultural Engineering Pages: 75-82 Volume: 60 Issue: 2 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/59/2011-RAE File-URL: http://rae.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/59/2011-RAE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/rae-201402-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlrae:v:60:y:2014:i:2:id:59-2011-RAE