Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Müller Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Material Science and Manufacturing Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Š. Horníčková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Hrabě Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Material Science and Manufacturing Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Mařík Author-Workplace-Name: Department for Quality and Dependability of Machines, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Analysis of physical, mechanical and chemical properties of seeds and kernels of Jatropha curcas Abstract: The research was performed to examine the physical, mechanical and chemical properties of seeds and kernels of Jatropha curcas. The test parameters were the dimensions of the seeds and kernels, required energy for oil extraction, determination of fatty acids in the oil by gas chromatography method, determination of the iodine value, determination of the acid value, determination of total polyphenols by the Folin & Ciocault reagent and determination of tocopherols and tocotrienols (vitamin E) by High-performance liquid chromatography. It was ascertained that the size of the seed and kernel varies considerably. Pressing of whole seeds needs more energy (50%) than pressing of kernels. From a chemical point of view it seems to be very appropriate for a production of biofuels. Jatropha curcas contains more polyphenols and vitamin E, which act as antioxidants, than the rape. Due to the low content of unsaturated fatty acids it is chemically suitable to replace the rape-seed oil with Jatropha curcas oil. Keywords: cake, chemical analysis, pressing Journal: Research in Agricultural Engineering Pages: 99-105 Volume: 61 Issue: 3 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/10/2014-RAE File-URL: http://rae.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10/2014-RAE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/rae-201503-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlrae:v:61:y:2015:i:3:id:10-2014-RAE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Kouřím Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Libra Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Poulek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Off-grid photovoltaic system for illumination Abstract: The off-grid photovoltaic (PV) system with batteries and with the LED light source was constructed and tested in in laboratory conditions. The PV system is used for emergency illumination and it is independent of the electric grid. The PV system is suitable for example in agriculture in store, in horse barn or in outdoors place. Description of the construction and testing is presented in this paper as well as results of the tests. The PV system was self-sufficient during the summer and autumn period till the November 3, 2011. Since November the illumination mode was modified. The illumination intensity was lowered, the discharging speed was decreased. Keywords: solar energy, PV system, energy accumulation Journal: Research in Agricultural Engineering Pages: 106-110 Volume: 61 Issue: 3 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/25/2014-RAE File-URL: http://rae.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/25/2014-RAE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/rae-201503-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlrae:v:61:y:2015:i:3:id:25-2014-RAE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Y.I. Prokof'ev Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Physics, Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, Bunin Yelets State University, Elets, Russian Federation Author-Name: T.N. Poyarkova Author-Workplace-Name: Department of High Molecular Compounds and Colloids, Faculty of Chemistry, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russian Federation Author-Name: A.R. Bykov Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Physics, Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, Bunin Yelets State University, Elets, Russian Federation Author-Name: A.S. Shestakov Author-Workplace-Name: Department of High Molecular Compounds and Colloids, Faculty of Chemistry, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russian Federation Author-Name: V.A. Kuznetsov Author-Workplace-Name: Department of High Molecular Compounds and Colloids, Faculty of Chemistry, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russian Federation Author-Name: O.G. Androsova Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Physics, Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, Bunin Yelets State University, Elets, Russian Federation Title: Influence of the isolation method of the soapstockfatty component on its characteristics Abstract: From soapstock, which is a waste product of sunflower oil production, the fatty component was isolated using isopropyl alcohol, toluene, fusel oil and a mixture of common salt and nonionic surfactants. With the help of the Langmuir film balance the molecular areas of isolated fats were found and the degree of hydrophobization in comparison with the original soapstock was evaluated. It was found that the strongest compression of the monolayer is observed when using fusel oil. The surface active properties of emulsifiers, synthesized by alkaline hydrolysis method on the basis of the obtained fat extracts and original soapstock, were studied. These results are consistent with measurements on the Langmuir balance. Keywords: vegetable oils, surfactants, food waste, emulsifiers, renewable materials Journal: Research in Agricultural Engineering Pages: 111-115 Volume: 61 Issue: 3 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/20/2014-RAE File-URL: http://rae.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/20/2014-RAE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/rae-201503-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlrae:v:61:y:2015:i:3:id:20-2014-RAE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Gürsoy Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agriculture Machinery, Faculty of Agriculture, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey Author-Name: B. Kolay Author-Workplace-Name: GAP International Agricultural Research and Training Center, Diyarbakir, Turkey Author-Name: Ö. Avşar Author-Workplace-Name: GAP International Agricultural Research and Training Center, Diyarbakir, Turkey Author-Name: A. Sessiz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agriculture Machinery, Faculty of Agriculture, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey Title: Evaluation of wheat stubble management practices in terms of the fuel consumption and field capacity Abstract: Five wheat stubble management practices i.e. chopping the stubble by the chopper mounted on combine during harvest and transmitting the straw to trailer (SCDF), chopping the stubble by the chopper mounted on combine during harvest and spreading the straw to field surface (SCDS), chopping the stubble on field surface after harvest by chopper mounted on combine and transmitting the straw to trailer (SCAF), leaving the stubble on field surface (SLS) and removing the stubble left on field surface by baling (SSB) and the cutting height of combine header (10 and 20 cm) were evaluated in terms of fuel consumption and field capacity. The result of the studies showed that the cutting height of header was increased from 10 to 20 cm, the field capacity increased from 1.195 to 1.365 ha/h and the fuel consumption decreased from 54.472 to 38.859 l/ha. While the highest field capacity was determined in SLS (1.846 ha/h), SCAF and SSB treatments had the lowest field capacity (0.954 and 0.891 ha/h, respectively). Chopping the stubble by chopper mounted on combine and transmitting straw to trailer during harvest increased the fuel consumption of combine by 3.6 times. Keywords: combine harvester, straw chopper, cutting height, field performance Journal: Research in Agricultural Engineering Pages: 116-121 Volume: 61 Issue: 3 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/77/2013-RAE File-URL: http://rae.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/77/2013-RAE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/rae-201503-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlrae:v:61:y:2015:i:3:id:77-2013-RAE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M.C. Ndukwu Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural and Bio Resources Engineering, College of Engineering and Engineering Technology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, Umuahia, Nigeria Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Engineering, School of Engineering and Engineering Technology Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Nigeria Author-Name: S.I. Manuwa Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Engineering, School of Engineering and Engineering Technology Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Nigeria Title: Impact of evaporative cooling preservation on the shelf life of fruits and vegetable in South Western Nigeria Abstract: Maintaining the freshness of vegetables and fruits even for a short period in a tropical environment is difficult. Fresh fruits and vegetables usually deteriorate faster than other products because they increase in respiration while in storage, due to high moisture content and high tropical heat which lead to a number of physical and physiological changes affecting the viability, quality and marketability of the produce. The use of evaporative cooling system showed improvement in the shelf life of fruits and vegetables stored. The stored vegetables in the cooler showed higher moisture and vitamin C content while the withered control has higher ash, protein, fibre and carbohydrate content. However, the fruits stored in the cooler had lower vitamin C and higher moisture than the control which showed good quality and crispiness while the control deteriorated at the same period. The results suggest that the integration of evaporative cooling system with good sanitation along the marketing channel from the harvest point until the consumption point will help to attain high quality level of freshness for some period. Keywords: environmental friendly, refrigeration, freshness, cold storage, food quality Journal: Research in Agricultural Engineering Pages: 122-128 Volume: 61 Issue: 3 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/54/2013-RAE File-URL: http://rae.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/54/2013-RAE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/rae-201503-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlrae:v:61:y:2015:i:3:id:54-2013-RAE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Pastorek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Technological Equipment of Buildings, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Kára Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Z. Pastorek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Technological Equipment of Buildings, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Experimental research on phytomass suitable for production of biogas Abstract: The structure of the dry material plant is made up of a cell tissues system. The walls of the cells are formed by cellulose and lignin, ingredients difficult to biodegrade. Therefore, the aim of the breeders performed a variety of energy plants, providing a high yield of dry matter in the green state. This applies particularly to herbs, grown on agricultural and arable land (for example cereals, maize, sorghum, hemp, amaranthus, mallow, sugar beet, potatoes, fodder crops on arable land, permanent grassland and other). The subject of the experiment was to evaluate selected varieties of maize and sorghum and to determine the suitability of the materials on the device model for anaerobic fermentation mixed with beef slurry, and ferment from the biogas plant. Among the varieties of maize there are the significant differences in the production of biogas in the same conditions. Of the three maize varieties (Fixxif, Saxxo, Benicia), the most powerful was Saxxo. Keywords: maize, variety, sewer gas, methane Journal: Research in Agricultural Engineering Pages: 129-133 Volume: 61 Issue: 3 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/74/2013-RAE File-URL: http://rae.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/74/2013-RAE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/rae-201503-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlrae:v:61:y:2015:i:3:id:74-2013-RAE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Brožek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Material Science and Manufacturing Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Bonding of wood Abstract: The paper presents the results of strength tests of joints made using six different adhesives destined by their producers for bonding wood. Bonded samples were made from seven sorts of wood commonly growing in the Czech Republic, namely ash, beach, cherry, maple, pine, spruce and walnut. From semi-products (boards, planks, squared timber logs) the test samples of dimensions 25 × 100 mm and 4 mm thickness were cut out in the direction of year rings. Always two samples were bonded together so that their overlap was of 12.5 mm. All these assemblies were loaded using the universal testing machine up to their rupture. The rupture force and the rupture type (rupture in the joint, in the bonded material) were registered. The aim of the tests was to assess the influence of the used adhesive on the bonded joint strength at different woods, to assess the variability of the adhesive consumption at the manual adhesive application by different workers and to determine costs for bonding of different woods using different adhesives. From the results it follows that between six tested adhesives used for bonding of seven sorts of wood, considerable differences exist not only as regards their price, but also their quality. From the results it also follows that the manual adhesive application is very unequal, because it depends on the dexterity and care of the worker. Next, the costs for bonding of different woods using different adhesives were determined. Keywords: adhesive bonding, laboratory tests, bonded joints testing Journal: Research in Agricultural Engineering Pages: 134-139 Volume: 61 Issue: 3 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/8/2014-RAE File-URL: http://rae.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8/2014-RAE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/rae-201503-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlrae:v:61:y:2015:i:3:id:8-2014-RAE