Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M Macák Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Machines and Production Biosystems, Faculty of Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: K Krištof Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Machines and Production Biosystems, Faculty of Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Title: The effect of granulometric structure and moisture of fertilizer on its static strength Abstract: During the load of vertical static force the strength limit of individual fertilizer particles was studied in relation to the fertilizer moisture content and granulometric composition. The experiment was conducted for the fertilizer damage at the different level of fertilizer moisture content and particle size groups. The result of the first part indicates the need to point out the differences of static strength between prilled and granular fertilizers. Both types of prilled fertilizers reached from 3 to 8 times lower values of static strength than standard granular fertilizers. The theses above point out the need for more caution during manipulation, storage and application of prilled fertilizers, the quality of which may be affected at some point by the greater extent of static load. The second part of the study was focused on the effect of moisture and granulometric fraction of fertilizer on static strength of fertilizer. For all tested fertilizers the statistical difference was observed for both of variation factors. Their mutual ratio of the effect is however different for each individual fertilizer. This fact may be interpreted as the dependence of the quantity of water that the individual fertilizers are able to absorb. This amount was influenced by very different types of fertilizers' hygroscopicity. The interaction of both factors at the same time was not confirmed for any fertilizer tested. Keywords: particle distribution, properties of fertilizer, hygroscopicity, static load, static strength Journal: Research in Agricultural Engineering Pages: S1-S7 Volume: 62 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/31/2016-RAE File-URL: http://rae.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/31/2016-RAE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/rae-201610-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlrae:v:62:y:2016:i:SpecialIssue:id:31-2016-RAE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: I. Vitázek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Transport and Handling, Faculty of Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: J. Klúčik Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Transport and Handling, Faculty of Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: J. Jablonický Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Transport and Handling, Faculty of Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: P. Vereš Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Transport and Handling, Faculty of Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Title: Ideal cycle of combustion engine with natural gas as a fuel Abstract: The aim of the paper is to present a detailed methodology of calculations of parameters of an ideal working cycle of spark-ignition combustion engine. Natural gas in the form of compressed natural gas (CNG) was used as a fuel. A theoretical ideal cycle is currently described in simplified way. The paper introduces calculations considering excess air, residual space in the cylinder of the engine and the course of properties of gases in dependence on temperature. The thermodynamics of ideal gas mixture was used. A computer program for clear, quick and accurate calculations of this relatively complicated system of relations was designed. The presented methodology of calculations broadens the scope of the theory of combustion engines and enables a precise determination of parameters of combustion engine with natural gas as a fuel. Keywords: thermodynamic parameters, CNG, stoichiometry, precise calculation, thermal efficiency Journal: Research in Agricultural Engineering Pages: S14-S20 Volume: 62 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/35/2016-RAE File-URL: http://rae.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/35/2016-RAE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/rae-201610-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlrae:v:62:y:2016:i:SpecialIssue:id:35-2016-RAE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Balková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of building equipment and technology safety, Faculty of Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: R. Záhorská Author-Workplace-Name: Department of building equipment and technology safety, Faculty of Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Title: Impact of shelter on daylight in the stables for dairy cows Abstract: The aim of the measurement was to assess the illuminance values and values of daylight factor in two stables for dairy cows that have the same technology layout. The difference between the stables was a shelter on the side of one of them. Measurements were made halfway through the stables including edge portions with cubicle and central parts with feed passage, above which is skylight. From the measured values of illuminance and calculated values of daylight factor, it can be seen that the effect of roof skylight is significant in terms of daylight. At the same time, they show how shelter affects daylight in the stable. The difference in values in the section under the roof skylight and in parts where the external walls are open is considerable. In the sheltered part, illuminance values are even lower than those with other external walls. This implies that the shelter sufficiently shades the cubicle, which is especially useful during summer. Keywords: daylight factor, illuminance, lighting measurement, stable for dairy cows, shelter Journal: Research in Agricultural Engineering Pages: S21-S26 Volume: 62 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/36/2016-RAE File-URL: http://rae.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/36/2016-RAE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/rae-201610-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlrae:v:62:y:2016:i:SpecialIssue:id:36-2016-RAE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S.N. Antonov Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Using Electric Power in Agriculture, Electric Power Faculty, Stavropol State Agrarian University, Stavropol, Russia Author-Name: S.Z. Gabriyelyan Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Electric Engineering, Automation and Metrology, Electric Power Faculty, Stavropol State Agrarian University, Stavropol, Russia Author-Name: M.A. Mastepanenko Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Electric Engineering, Automation and Metrology, Electric Power Faculty, Stavropol State Agrarian University, Stavropol, Russia Author-Name: E.B. Zorina Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Foreign Languages and Cross-cultural Communication, Socio-cultural Service and Tourism Faculty, Stavropol State Agrarian University, Stavropol, Russia Author-Name: L. Nozdrovický Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Machine and Production Biosystems, Faculty of Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Using Electric Power in Agriculture, Electric Power Faculty, Stavropol State Agrarian University, Stavropol, Russia Title: The device of magnetic processing of water for boiler greenhouse Abstract: The most part of the heat power equipment in agriculture is maintained with infringement of requirements in rules of technical operation. The scum that does not leave from heating surfaces reduces copper efficiency and increases fuel consumption. Chemical ways of ecological water preparation are not safe and are expensive. Magnetic water preparation has a number of advantages in this way, one of which is the possibility not only to prevent scaling, but also to remove earlier scum. Existing devices of water magnetic processing has a basic deficiency - presence of narrow slot hole backlashes in which the processing is performed. Thus, the productivity of installation and its reliability decreases. Transition from water processing by the basic magnetic stream to dispersion streams eliminates this deficiency. Getting optimum parameters of processing water (the constructional module) is connected with a change of magnetic system design. The crystal-optic way is the most exact at definition of efficiency of processing water by magnetic field. Keywords: scum, salt crystals, rigidity of water, heat supply, magnetic field Journal: Research in Agricultural Engineering Pages: S27-S33 Volume: 62 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/41/2016-RAE File-URL: http://rae.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/41/2016-RAE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/rae-201610-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlrae:v:62:y:2016:i:SpecialIssue:id:41-2016-RAE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Jobbágy Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Machines and Production Biosystems, Faculty of Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: K. Krištof Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Machines and Production Biosystems, Faculty of Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: M. Andacký Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Machines and Production Biosystems, Faculty of Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Title: The effectiveness of heating of housing unit by renewable energy source Abstract: The paper is aimed at pointing out possibilities of using of dendromass for heating. The object of interest was heating of housing units with 75.27 m2 of total area. The average value of dendromass moisture was 17.71%. The inserted fireplace Nordica Focolare 70 with a nominal output of 9 kW was used as a heat source. For temperature measurement, a non-contact infrared thermometer GM 900 was used. The total heat loss transferred through walls of housing unit (heat loss through thermal bridges and ventilation losses) were calculated at the value of 176.26 W/K. Based on the results of samples moisture the net calorific value of one kilogram of burned fuel wood was determined (14.791 MJ kg). The amount of thermal energy which is necessary to supply by the heating system for the whole heating period was 14,199.18 kWh. The weight of raw fuel wood was 5,450.97 kg (at moisture of 30%), dried at 17.71% (4,636.87 kg). Price of raw fuel wood of acacia for the year under evaluation was 64.80 €/m3 (the required amount of raw fuel wood for heating period was 10 m3). Total costs for the heating season was thus 648 €. The price of heat transmitted by the fireplace inset Nordica Focolare 70 inserted into heating system using fuel wood (white acacia) with 17.71% of absolute moisture was 0.045636 €/kWh. Keywords: heating costs, heat loss, fuel wood, fuel wood moisture Journal: Research in Agricultural Engineering Pages: S34-S43 Volume: 62 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/44/2016-RAE File-URL: http://rae.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/44/2016-RAE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/rae-201610-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlrae:v:62:y:2016:i:SpecialIssue:id:44-2016-RAE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Lendelová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Building Equipment and Technology Safety, Faculty of Engineering, Slovak university of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia Author-Name: M. Žitňák Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Building Equipment and Technology Safety, Faculty of Engineering, Slovak university of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia Author-Name: M. Bošanský Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Building Equipment and Technology Safety, Faculty of Engineering, Slovak university of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia Author-Name: M. Šimko Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak university of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: P. Piterka Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak university of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic Title: Testing of property changes in recycled bedding for dairy cows Abstract: The aim of this study was to analyse the change of the characteristics of different types of organic bedding in deepened stall base cubicles for dairy cows. The research was carried out in barn 1 using separated raw manure solids, in barn 2 using drum composted manure solids and for comparison a barn 3 was chosen, which used traditional straw as a bedding material. Dry matter of separated raw manure and drum composted recycled manure solids in sample 1 collected after 2-3 hours of bedding acclimatization in the stable were lower (P < 0.05) compared with sample 3 collected 2-3 hours before the new bedding was spread, but dry matter of straw in sample 1 was higher (P < 0.05) compared with sample 3. The values of the coefficient of thermal conductivity show that the bedding from recycled sludge slurry is a good insulant and absorbent. In addition, a determined increase of humidity at the end of the bedding interval does not cause dramatic changes of thermal performance. Keywords: dairy cattle, separated manure solids, dry matter content, thermal conductivity Journal: Research in Agricultural Engineering Pages: S44-S52 Volume: 62 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/45/2016-RAE File-URL: http://rae.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/45/2016-RAE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/rae-201610-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlrae:v:62:y:2016:i:SpecialIssue:id:45-2016-RAE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Prístavková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Building Equipment and Technology Safety, Faculty of Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: M. Žitňák Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Building Equipment and Technology Safety, Faculty of Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: J. Lendelová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Building Equipment and Technology Safety, Faculty of Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Title: Hazard analysis in operating of the post-harvest lines Abstract: The aim of this study is to evaluate the hazards in operating post-harvest lines in an agricultural organization, with emphasis on pre-cleaning and drying of grain. The paper deals with a description of technology of pre-cleaning and drying grain. Risk assessments at post-harvest line were processed by using the point method. The point method is used to review the hazards for working positions in terms of safety at work. This work identifies threats, proposes measures and solutions to eliminate or minimize the consequences of each risk. Evaluations of the hazards are processed before and after the measures were taken. Based on the results, it can be stated that the risk was reduced below the level of acceptable risk after the measures were taken. Keywords: point method, security, risk management, dust Journal: Research in Agricultural Engineering Pages: S53-S60 Volume: 62 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/52/2016-RAE File-URL: http://rae.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/52/2016-RAE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/rae-201610-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlrae:v:62:y:2016:i:SpecialIssue:id:52-2016-RAE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Kažimírová Author-Workplace-Name: Departnemt of Building Equipment and Technology Safety, Faculty of Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: R. Opáth Author-Workplace-Name: Departnemt of Building Equipment and Technology Safety, Faculty of Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Slovak Republic Title: Biomass combustion emissions Abstract: The paper deals with gaseous emissions generated in biomass combustion in water boilers. It provides results of analyses of gaseous emissions and boiler efficiency in combustion of branches of apple trees from spring pruning, spruce cuttings and corn cobs obtained from kernel harvest. Measurements were done in laboratory conditions. Average CO emission values observed in combustion were from 334.7 to 650.18 mg/m3 and average NOx emission values were low, between 50.1 and 157.2 mg/m3. Boiler efficiency in applewood combustion was lower - this was caused by its higher moisture. Keywords: CO, NOx, heat production, boiler efficiency Journal: Research in Agricultural Engineering Pages: S61-S65 Volume: 62 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/69/2015-RAE File-URL: http://rae.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/69/2015-RAE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/rae-201610-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlrae:v:62:y:2016:i:SpecialIssue:id:69-2015-RAE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Králik Author-Workplace-Name: S-EKA s.r.o., Technical Services of Emission Control of motor vehicles. Department of Technical Support, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: J. Jablonický Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Transport and Handling, Faculty of Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Z. Tkáč Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Transport and Handling, Faculty of Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Ľ. Hujo Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Transport and Handling, Faculty of Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: D. Uhrinová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Transport and Handling, Faculty of Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: J. Kosiba Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Transport and Handling, Faculty of Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: J. Tulik Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Transport and Handling, Faculty of Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: R. Záhorská Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Transport and Handling, Faculty of Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Title: Monitoring of selected emissions of internal combustion engine Abstract: The paper deals with the possibility of appropriate measurement and evaluation of emissions of nitrogen oxides. Development of exhaust systems which captures the solid particles emitted from engine, lost an objective assessment of the emission status of the diesel engine of agricultural tractor. Therefore, it is necessary to find a new method of measuring and quantifying the emission state of the diesel engine by measuring emissions, which should be economic and time-saving, but especially universal and sufficiently precise. The selected method should also provide sufficient information on such emissions that are subject to approval but they are not controlled during periodic checks. Keywords: nitrogen oxides, diesel engines, measuring of emission of diesel engine Journal: Research in Agricultural Engineering Pages: S66-S70 Volume: 62 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/72/2015-RAE File-URL: http://rae.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/72/2015-RAE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/rae-201610-0009.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlrae:v:62:y:2016:i:SpecialIssue:id:72-2015-RAE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: I. Vitázek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Transport and Handling, Faculty of Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: J. Klúčik Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Transport and Handling, Faculty of Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: D. Uhrinová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Transport and Handling, Faculty of Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Z. Mikulová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Transport and Handling, Faculty of Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: M. Mojžiš Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Transport and Handling, Faculty of Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Title: Thermodynamics of combustion gases from biogas Abstract: Biogas as a respected source of renewable energy is used in various areas for heating or in power cogeneration units. It is produced by anaerobic fermentation of biodegradable materials. The utilization of biogas is wide - from process of combustion in order to obtain thermal energy, combined heat and power production, gas combustion engines, micro turbines or fuel cells up to trigeneration. Biogas composition depends on the raw material. The aim of this paper was to develop a new methodology; according to this methodology, by means of gas mixture thermodynamics and tabular exact parameters of individual gaseous components, all the necessary thermodynamic and operating values of biogas composition were calculated. The mathematical model of biogas combustion was elaborated. For an accurate realization of calculation, a computing program was designed. Keywords: renewable resource, gaseous fuel, stoichiometry, characteristic indexes, Wobbe number Journal: Research in Agricultural Engineering Pages: S8-S13 Volume: 62 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/34/2016-RAE File-URL: http://rae.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/34/2016-RAE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/rae-201610-0010.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlrae:v:62:y:2016:i:SpecialIssue:id:34-2016-RAE