Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jiří Vegricht
Author-Name: Josef Šimon
Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: David Hájek
Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Jiří Bradna
Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Prague, Czech Republic
Title: Flow rate of liquid cattle manure leakage into subsoil during storage
Abstract: Under laboratory conditions, seepage of liquid cattle manure with dry matter content of 3-8% through subsoil was studied in relation to its dry matter content and period of storage. Statistical dependence of the total amount of eluate on the dry matter has been found (P = 0.0013). A hypothesis was also confirmed that liquid cattle manure shows a sealing effect during storage. It was found that the average value of coefficient of permeability decreases as soon as 48 hours after the start of storage under the value 5.56171 × 10-6 cm.s-1, which, according to peer reviewed literature, is not hazardous to the environment. The results will help in designing projects of liquid cattle manure reservoirs and assessment of their effect on the environment.
Keywords: manure storage, sealing effect, coefficient of permeability
Journal: Research in Agricultural Engineering
Pages: 49-54
Volume: 64
Issue: 2
Year: 2018
DOI: 10.17221/109/2017-RAE
File-URL: http://rae.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/109/2017-RAE.html
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlrae:v:64:y:2018:i:2:id:109-2017-RAE

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ján Jobbágy
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Machines and Production Biosystems, Faculty of Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic
Author-Name: Koloman Krištof
Title: Evaluation of the coefficient of uniformity and non-uniformity of irrigation for wide-range irrigators in various field conditions
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to address an issue of work quality of irrigation machines with eight parameters that were selected and defined as input variables. The objective of the study was to determine possibilities of different evaluation methods for a wide range of irrigation machines and their versatility. All input conditions that could affect the results were recorded and analysed. The results were statistically analysed by a linear model (ANOVA). The results confirm that there are no statistically significant differences in used evaluation methods (p > 0.05) when the effect of locality was not considered. When the effect of locality was considered, statistically significant differences were observed (p < 0.05). When considering the coefficient of non-uniformity, statistically significant differences were not observed, however in case of considering different irrigation machines, statistically significant differences were observed. The obtained results indicate that the evaluation of irrigation uniformity is possible to carry out with other methods; however, the specific field conditions are not interchangeable as a parameter.
Keywords: irrigation machinery, irrigation uniformity, coefficient of uniformity, quality of work
Journal: Research in Agricultural Engineering
Pages: 55-62
Volume: 64
Issue: 2
Year: 2018
DOI: 10.17221/8/2017-RAE
File-URL: http://rae.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8/2017-RAE.html
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlrae:v:64:y:2018:i:2:id:8-2017-RAE

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Radek Pražan
Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Josef Hůla
Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Pavel Kovaříček
Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Jakub Čedík
Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Ilona Gerndtová
Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Marcela Vlášková
Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Prague, Czech Republic
Title: Functional properties of blade tiller working tools
Abstract: After the harvest of winter wheat, the tensile force, cross section of loosened soil and specific resistance of soil were measured on a loamy soil plot. During the comparative measurements, 3 blades were used with chisel width of 20 mm, 40 mm and 75 mm. In case of all blades, the measurements were carried out at the depth of 100, 200 and 300 mm. In the course of measurements, the standards of blades were attached in a measuring frame on six-component hinge with connected tensometric sensor. The selected blades were developed for a new type of tiller destined for primary cultivation of soil. Moreover, in case of a blade equipped by chisel there were used side wings of a width of 110, 150 and 200 mm for tillage into a depth of 100 mm. It was found that the width of blade chisels did not have a statistically significant effect on the values of specific resistance of soil during the soil tillage. At all widths of blade chisels, a trend of an increase in specific resistance of soil was recorded at growing recess into the soil.
Keywords: primary tillage of soil, depth of tillage, specific resistance of tillage
Journal: Research in Agricultural Engineering
Pages: 63-69
Volume: 64
Issue: 2
Year: 2018
DOI: 10.17221/106/2017-RAE
File-URL: http://rae.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/106/2017-RAE.html
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlrae:v:64:y:2018:i:2:id:106-2017-RAE

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stoyan Ishpekov
Author-Name: Petar Petrov
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Mechanization, Agricultural University - Plovdiv, Bulgaria
Author-Name: Rangel Zaykov
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Mechanization, Agricultural University - Plovdiv, Bulgaria
Author-Name: Nayden Naydenov
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Mechanization, Agricultural University - Plovdiv, Bulgaria
Title: Indicators of а fruit detacher with non-symmetric angular oscillations at removing tomato fruits
Abstract: The main qualitative and quantitative indicators of a newly developed fruit detacher with non-symmetric angular oscillations have been investigated at inertial removal of fruits of table tomato varieties from stems. The detacher removes over 95% of the fruits of examined tomato varieties 'Tomsk' and 'Tobray', without damaging them mechanically at frequency of oscillations from 10.8 to 13.3 Hz and initial elastic moment of the clutch from 0 to 2.0 Nm. The detacher achieves the productivity for plants from 1.554 to 11.650 kg.s-1 and the productivity for fruits of 0.827 to 6.921 kg.s-1 for each meter of its working width. The best qualitative indicators were observed at the productivity range from 2.460 to 4.621 kg.s-1. During operation, the device allows smooth adjustment of both number of impacts and speed of moving plants towards the exit, which distinguishes it from existing shaker drums. The developed fruit detacher can be integrated into tomato harvesters and to be tested for inertial removal of the fruits of other crops.
Keywords: tomatoes, fruit detacher, mechanization
Journal: Research in Agricultural Engineering
Pages: 70-76
Volume: 64
Issue: 2
Year: 2018
DOI: 10.17221/51/2017-RAE
File-URL: http://rae.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/51/2017-RAE.html
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlrae:v:64:y:2018:i:2:id:51-2017-RAE

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zahra Basati
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Bio-System Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh-Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
Author-Name: Mansour Rasekh
Author-Name: Yousef Abbaspour-Gilandeh
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Bio-System Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh-Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
Title: Mechanical test suitable for detection of bug-damage wheat grains abstract
Abstract: Considering the fact that the presence of bug-damaged wheat in the bulk results in a decrease of the flour quality and its final product, which is bread, it is necessary to differentiate the bug-damaged wheat grains from the healthy ones. Therefore, the present study investigated the mechanical properties of bug-damaged and healthy wheat grains of the Azar cultivar. By making use of these mechanical properties, it would be possible to provide a more precise texture identification of the bug-damaged wheat grains compared to the healthy ones. In this study, the mechanical properties (rupture energy, toughness and apparent elastic coefficient) were determined under compressive loading, with four levels of loading velocity (5, 15, 25 and 35 mm.min-1) and four levels of moisture content (9, 11.5, 14 and 16.5% wet basis) in both bug-damaged and healthy wheat grains. Due to the significant difference in the mean value of apparent elastic coefficient between the bug-damaged grains (74.779 MPa) and the healthy ones (289.071 MPa), this parameter can be employed as the most appropriate factor to distinguish the bug-damaged wheat grains from the healthy ones.
Keywords: mechanical properties, wheat, bug-damaged, apparent elastic coefficient, toughness
Journal: Research in Agricultural Engineering
Pages: 77-84
Volume: 64
Issue: 2
Year: 2018
DOI: 10.17221/45/2017-RAE
File-URL: http://rae.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/45/2017-RAE.html
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlrae:v:64:y:2018:i:2:id:45-2017-RAE

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Petr Jevič
Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Radek Pražan
Author-Name: Zdeňka Šedivá
Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Prague, Czech Republic
Title: Engine performance and exhaust emission characteristics of paraffinic diesel fuel in a model diesel engine
Abstract: The article deals with verification of a diesel fuel and two fuel mixtures blends with different amounts of the bio-component using the model single-cylinder engine without the additional equipment for treatment of exhaust gases. This combustion diesel engine served for measuring the performance characteristics of the model single-cylinder engine and the individual emission components in order to assess the use of these blends of liquid paraffinic diesel fuel in practice and to meet current and forthcoming European legislation and to fulfil the commitments by 2020. A detailed chemical analysis was performed in case of all the tested paraffinic diesel fuels.
Keywords: combustion engine, renewable blending component, hydrotreated vegetable oil, engine performance, laboratory test
Journal: Research in Agricultural Engineering
Pages: 85-95
Volume: 64
Issue: 2
Year: 2018
DOI: 10.17221/113/2017-RAE
File-URL: http://rae.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/113/2017-RAE.html
File-Format: text/html
X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/rae-201802-0006.txt
Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlrae:v:64:y:2018:i:2:id:113-2017-RAE

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tajana Krička
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, Croatia
Author-Name: Ana Matin
Author-Name: Neven Voća
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, Croatia
Author-Name: Ana Pospišil
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, Croatia
Author-Name: Mateja Grubor
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, Croatia
Author-Name: Ivana Šaronja
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, Croatia
Author-Name: Vanja Jurišić
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, Croatia
Title: Changes in nutritional and energy properties of soybean seed and hull after roasting
Abstract: After harvesting, soybean seed must be thermally treated because of the increased moisture content. The most common thermal treatment of soybean is roasting, with three indicators that are critical for the process itself: seed moisture content, roasting period and process temperature. Following the above-mentioned, the aim of this paper was to determine nutritional and energy changes in three soybean varieties ('Gordana', 'Sivka' and 'Slavonka'). After collecting the samples, the nutrient structure of the core and energy components of seed hull for each variety were determined before and after the heat treatment by roasting. The roasted soybean seeds of the specified varieties were dried by exposure to temperatures of 125°C and 135°C in the duration of 10, 20 and 30 minutes. The results show that significant changes occurred in nutritional properties of soybean seed core in relation to temperature and time of roasting, as well as to assortment. There are also significant differences in elements, which affects the energy properties of soy seed hulls depending on temperature and duration of the procedure. 
Keywords: thermal treatment, nutritional values, energy values
Journal: Research in Agricultural Engineering
Pages: 96-103
Volume: 64
Issue: 2
Year: 2018
DOI: 10.17221/29/2016-RAE
File-URL: http://rae.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/29/2016-RAE.html
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlrae:v:64:y:2018:i:2:id:29-2016-RAE

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hamideh Faridi
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agrotechnology, College of Abouraihan, University of Tehran, Iran
Author-Name: Akbar Arabhosseini
Title: Application of eggshell wastes as valuable and utilizable products: A review
Abstract: Eggshell is a solid waste, with production of several tons per day. Eggshell is mostly sent to the landfill with a high management cost. It is economical to transform the eggshell waste to create new values from these waste materials. The present article is an attempt to summarize the possible applications of eggshell. The eggshell waste can be used (a) at biodiesel production as a solid base catalyst used for biodiesel pollutants minimization, reducing the production costs of biodiesel and making the process of biodiesel production fully ecological and environment-friendly; (b) as an absorbent of heavy metals from wastewater as it is a serious environmental problem in the ecosystem; (c) as biomaterial in order to replace bone tissues due to the rise in the number of patients; (d) as a fertilizer and calcium supplement in nutrition for human, animals, plants, etc. Number of research articles have been included in this review to describe a methodical growth in this subject matter.
Keywords: biomaterial, fertilizer, waste, application, biodiesel
Journal: Research in Agricultural Engineering
Pages: 104-114
Volume: 64
Issue: 2
Year: 2018
DOI: 10.17221/6/2017-RAE
File-URL: http://rae.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6/2017-RAE.html
File-Format: text/html
X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/rae-201802-0008.txt
Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlrae:v:64:y:2018:i:2:id:6-2017-RAE