Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ehiem James Chinaka Title: Viscosity and biodiesel characteristics of wild Canarium schweinfurthii Engl. fruit oil Abstract: The viscosity of two varieties of Canarium schweinfurthiiEngl. fruits oil (large and long) were studied at four different temperatures (30, 40, 50 and 60oC) and three shear rates (7.91, 15.82 and 39.54 s-1). SurgiFriend Medical (model NDJ-5S) viscometer was used to carry out the study. Biodiesel characteristics of the oil were also investigated. The results showed that variety had no effect (P < 0.05) on the viscosity of Canarium schweinfurthii Engl. fruit while temperature had especially at 50oC and above. The shear rate of 15.82 s-1 (12 rps) gave the lowest oil viscosity for both varieties. The oil from large fruit had the best temperature stability, low percentage viscosity (6.33%) variation and least activation energy (796.51 J.mol-1.K-1) while long variety had best biodiesel characteristic for safe handling. Temperature had no significant (P < 0.05) effect on the consistency coefficient (C) and flow behaviour index (n) of both varieties of Canarium schweinfurthii Engl. fruits oil. Besides, oil from both fruit varieties is Newtonian fluids. Keywords: eonsistency, newtonian, behaviour index, biodiesel, activation energy Journal: Research in Agricultural Engineering Pages: 169-175 Volume: 64 Issue: 4 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/99/2017-RAE File-URL: http://rae.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/99/2017-RAE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/rae-201804-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlrae:v:64:y:2018:i:4:id:99-2017-RAE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Semjons Ivanovs Author-Workplace-Name: Ulbroka Research Centre, Faculty of Engineering, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Ulbroka, Latvia Author-Name: Volodymyr Panasyuk Author-Workplace-Name: National Scientific Centre "Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Electrification", Hlevakha, Ukraine Author-Name: Volodymyr Bulgakov Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Mechanics, Faculty Construction and Design, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine Author-Name: Ilmars Dukulis Author-Workplace-Name: Ulbroka Research Centre, Faculty of Engineering, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Ulbroka, Latvia Title: Impact of forced air flow upon introducing pesticides under conditions of lateral wind Abstract: Pesticide application is accompanied by its losses due to the drift of the droplets of the working liquid caused by the wind outside the treatment area, which reduces the efficiency of chemical protection and increases impact on the ecological state of the environment. Influence of the precipitating (i.e. top-down) air flow has been determined upon the reduction of the drift of sprayed liquid droplets under the impact of a lateral wind, as well as distribution of the sprayed liquid studied by weight and length depending on the pressure of the working fluid in systems of various sprayers. At speed side wind 5.0 m.s-1 and deposition of flow at a speed of 15 m.s-1 the amount of fluid that settled, increased to 30% for spray ST 110-02 and 12% for spray ID 120-02. Keywords: distribution, sprayed liquid, pressure, speed Journal: Research in Agricultural Engineering Pages: 176-180 Volume: 64 Issue: 4 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/100/2017-RAE File-URL: http://rae.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/100/2017-RAE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/rae-201804-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlrae:v:64:y:2018:i:4:id:100-2017-RAE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Andrey Yurievich Izmailov Author-Workplace-Name: Federal Scientific Agricultural Engineering Center VIM, Moscow, Russian Federation Author-Name: Igor Gennadievich Smirnov Author-Workplace-Name: Federal Scientific Agricultural Engineering Center VIM, Moscow, Russian Federation Author-Name: Dmitry Olegovich Khort Author-Name: Rostislav Alexandrovich Filippov Author-Workplace-Name: Federal Scientific Agricultural Engineering Center VIM, Moscow, Russian Federation Author-Name: Alexey Igorevich Kutyrev Author-Workplace-Name: Federal Scientific Agricultural Engineering Center VIM, Moscow, Russian Federation Title: Magnetic-pulse processing of seeds of berry crops Abstract: The effect of a pulsed low-frequency magnetic field on the seed germination and the growth of seedlings of strawberry garden under different conditions of processing and functioning of the apparatus magnetic-pulse processing of plants (MPP) developed by us has been established experimentally. The research has shown that the value of the germination energy of seeds treated with a pulsed magnetic field varied from 29 to 47 percent, of germination from 34 to 48 percent. The highest value of their germination corresponds to an irradiation frequency of 16 Hz and an exposure time of 360 seconds with an induction value in the treatment zone of 5 mT. The maximum increment in the germination of irradiated seeds was 14 percent compared to the control sample. The positive effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields on linear dimensions of germs has been revealed. The increase in the biometric parameters of strawberry shoots affected their weight, compared to the control it increased by 33.3 percent. Keywords: physical impact, presowing seed irradiation, electromagnetic field, horticulture Journal: Research in Agricultural Engineering Pages: 181-186 Volume: 64 Issue: 4 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/9/2018-RAE File-URL: http://rae.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/9/2018-RAE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/rae-201804-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlrae:v:64:y:2018:i:4:id:9-2018-RAE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Armaghan Kosari Moghaddam Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Author-Name: Hassan Sadrnia Author-Name: Hassan Aghel Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Author-Name: Mohammad Bannayan Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Title: Optimization of tillage and sowing operations using discrete event simulation Abstract: A simulation model was developed for secondary tillage and sowing operations in autumn, using discrete event simulation technique in Arena® simulation software (Version 14). Eight machinery sets were evaluated on a 50-hectare farm. Total costs including fixed-costs, variable costs and timeliness costs were calculated for each machinery set. Timeliness costs were estimated for 21-years period on daily basis (Daily Work method) and compared with another method (Average Work method) based on the equation proposed by ASAE Standards, EP 496.3FEB2006. The Inputs of the model were machinery sets, field size, machines performances and daily soil workability state. The optimization criteria were the lowest costs and lowest standard deviation in daily work method plus the lowest costs based on average work method. The validity of the model was evaluated by comparing the output of the model with field observed data collected from various farms. Results revealed that there was no significant difference (P > 0.01) between the observed and predicted finish day. Keywords: discrete event simulation, modeling, sowing, tillage, timeliness costs Journal: Research in Agricultural Engineering Pages: 187-194 Volume: 64 Issue: 4 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/49/2017-RAE File-URL: http://rae.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/49/2017-RAE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/rae-201804-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlrae:v:64:y:2018:i:4:id:49-2017-RAE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Savelii Kukharets Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Mechanical Engineering and Agroecosystems, Zhytomyr National Agroecological University, Zhitomir, Ukraine Author-Name: Gennadii Golub Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Tractors, Automobiles and Bioenergy Systems, National University of Life and environmental sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine Author-Name: Viktor Biletskii Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Mechanical Engineering and Agroecosystems, Zhytomyr National Agroecological University, Zhitomir, Ukraine Author-Name: Oleksandr Medvedskyi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Mechanical Engineering and Agroecosystems, Zhytomyr National Agroecological University, Zhitomir, Ukraine Title: Substantiation of the parameters of the disk-knife working body and the study of its work Abstract: The work is devoted to the issue of improving the quality of cultivating of root-bearing soil layer and optimizing its agrotechnological properties. Improving the quality of cultivation is due to the application of soil cultivating tools equipped with disk-knife working bodies. They are provided theoretical and experimental study of the work of the disk-knife working body, and it is substantiated its rational parameters. The basis of the substantiation of the parameters of the cultivating tool is the original analytical model, which reflects the process of interaction of the working body with the soil. To study the performance of the process, on the basis of kinematic equations of motion of the individual points of the working bodies, it is developed the analytical model of the motion of the battery of the working bodies. On the basis of the provided analytical researches, they were determined geometrical parameters and developed experimental samples of the disk-knife working body. It was carried out a comparative test in the field of tools equipped with disk-knife working bodies and with standard spherical cut-off discs, which confirmed the effectiveness of the use of disk-knife working bodies. The use of disk-knife working bodies ensures: the burying of plant remains and fertilizers into the root-bearing soil layer, improving the quality of soil cultivation, preserving of its structure, reducing the traction resistance of the body. Keywords: modeling, field test, twist angle, burying factor, approach angle, tillage depth, traction resistance Journal: Research in Agricultural Engineering Pages: 195-201 Volume: 64 Issue: 4 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/87/2017-RAE File-URL: http://rae.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/87/2017-RAE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/rae-201804-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlrae:v:64:y:2018:i:4:id:87-2017-RAE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Margus Arak Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Technology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia Author-Name: Kaarel Soots Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Technology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia Author-Name: Marge Starast Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia Author-Name: Jüri Olt Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Technology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia Title: Mechanical properties of blueberry stems Abstract: In order to model and optimise the structural parameters of the working parts of agricultural machines, including harvesting machines, the mechanical properties of the culture harvested must be known. The purpose of this article is to determine the mechanical properties of the blueberry plant's stem; more precisely the tensile strength and consequent elastic modulus E. In order to achieve this goal, the measuring instrument Instron 5969L2610 was used and accompanying software BlueHill 3 was used for analysing the test results. The tested blueberry plant's stems were collected from the blueberry plantation of the Farm Marjasoo. The diameters of the stems were measured, test units were prepared, tensile tests were performed, tensile strength was determined and the elastic modulus was obtained. Average value of the elastic modulus of the blueberry (Northblue) plant's stem remained in the range of 1268.27-1297.73 MPa. Keywords: agricultural engineering, blueberry, harvesting, mechanical properties, elastic modulus Journal: Research in Agricultural Engineering Pages: 202-208 Volume: 64 Issue: 4 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/90/2017-RAE File-URL: http://rae.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/90/2017-RAE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/rae-201804-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlrae:v:64:y:2018:i:4:id:90-2017-RAE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nikolay Aldoshin Author-Name: Otari Didmanidze Author-Workplace-Name: Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russian Federation Title: Harvesting Lupinus albus axial rotary combine harvesters Abstract: To ensure the agricultural production of the plant protein, it is advisable to cultivate leguminous crops, such as white lupine (Lupinus albus), which are rich in plant protein. White lupine is an easily threshed crop. Its seeds are large enough, so the main problem is to avoid seed damage during harvesting. To improve the harvesting technology of white lupine, the authors suggest using grain combine harvesters with axial flow threshing and separating mechanism (TSM). They consider it necessary to modify the design of such combine harvesters to eliminate repeated threshing of a grain (seed) mass and decrease threshing intensity in a threshing separating mechanism. The authors have also provided grounds for technological parameters of a combine harvester - a rotor speed and a concave clearance. The recommended rotor speed should be approximately 350-400 min-1 and the concave clearance should be 40 mm. Keywords: axial flow threshing, separation mechanism, grain, seed, damage Journal: Research in Agricultural Engineering Pages: 209-214 Volume: 64 Issue: 4 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/107/2017-RAE File-URL: http://rae.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/107/2017-RAE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/rae-201804-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlrae:v:64:y:2018:i:4:id:107-2017-RAE