Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anindita Sharma Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Tezpur University, Tezpur, India Author-Name: Partha Pratim Dutta Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Tezpur University, Tezpur, India Title: Evaluation of low temperature drying characteristics of fresh tea leaves (Camellia assamica) in an environmental chamber using mathematical models Abstract: Low-temperature drying (withering) is the first stage in black tea processing. Determination of appropriate end moisture content of green tea leaf as well as temperature and relative humidity (RH) maintained during withering eventually aid the final quality of the processed tea. Therefore, the tea leaf withering (partial drying) properties were evaluated in an environmental chamber using mathematical models. The temperatures and RH considered were 25, 30, 35 °C and 80, 85, 90%, respectively. A total of nine combinations of temperature and RH were considered by keeping one parameter constant. The conditions were taken adhering to that of the climatic conditions of Assam, India. The withering data from experiments were fitted into five drying models using the curve fitting method. The Page model gave better predictions with an R2 value of 0.9989 at 30 °C temperature and 90% RH. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the tea leaf samples were evaluated. The best results were 50.60 ± 0.02 mg GAE.g-1 (GAE - gallic acid equivalent) and 22.47 ± 0.01 mg QCE.g-1 (QCE - quercetin equivalent) at 30 °C withering temperature. Keywords: fit, green tea-leaf, humidity, moisture ratio, wither Journal: Research in Agricultural Engineering Pages: 55-64 Volume: 69 Issue: 2 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/28/2021-RAE File-URL: http://rae.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/28/2021-RAE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/rae-202302-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlrae:v:69:y:2023:i:2:id:28-2021-RAE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rossy Chumbe Author-Workplace-Name: Department Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Lima, Lima, Peru Author-Name: Stefany Silva Author-Workplace-Name: Department Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Lima, Lima, Peru Author-Name: Yvan Garcia Author-Workplace-Name: Department Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Lima, Lima, Peru Title: Comparison of the machine learning and AquaCrop models for quinoa crops Abstract: One of the main causes of having low crop efficiency in Peru is the poor management of water resources; which is why the main objective of this article is to estimate the amount of irrigation water required in quinoa crops through a comparison between the machine learning and AquaCrop models. For the development of this study, meteorological data from the province of Jauja and descriptive data of quinoa crops were processed and a simulation period was established from June to December 2020. From the simulation carried out, it was determined that the best model to predict the required irrigation water is the Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost) model in which it was observed that the mean and standard deviation of the AdaBoost models (mean = 19.681 and SD = 4.665) behave similarly to AquaCrop (mean = 19.838 and SD = 5.04). In addition, the result of ANOVA was that the AdaBoost model has the best P-value indicator with a value of 0.962 and a smaller margin of error in relation to the mean absolute error (MAE) indicator with a value of 0.629. Likewise, it was identified that, for the simulation period of 190 days, 472.35 mm of water was required to carry out the irrigation process in red quinoa crops. Keywords: AdaBoost, irrigation system, predictive analysis, statistical analysis, water management Journal: Research in Agricultural Engineering Pages: 65-75 Volume: 69 Issue: 2 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/86/2021-RAE File-URL: http://rae.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/86/2021-RAE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/rae-202302-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlrae:v:69:y:2023:i:2:id:86-2021-RAE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Inga Andruškaité Author-Name: Vaclovas Bogužas Title: Contrasting tillage systems and vertical arable layer stratification impacts on soil aggregates and root biomass in Lithuania Abstract: Tillage intensity can affect soil quality through soil aggregates, which are strongly associated with organic carbon. In this study, we evaluated the effect of different intensity tillage (conventional ploughing (CP), shallow ploughing (SP), deep cultivation (DC), shallow cultivation (SC), no-tillage (NT)) on soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil aggregates at the 0-5, 5-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm layers and root biomass at the 0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm layers. The field experiment on spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) consisted of a split-plot arrangement with four replications. Dry soil aggregates were evaluated using the mean weight diameter (MWD) index. Wet aggregates were assessed using a water-stable aggregate (WSA) index. We identified that tillage intensity significantly influenced the MWD index at four soil levels. Shallow tillage showed greater results at 0-5 and 5-10 cm depths. However, deep tillage increased the MWD at 10-20 and 20-30 cm depth. NT was dominated by evaluating the WSA at every level of the soil. SOC was correlated with WSA. The highest SOC was found under NT. The different tillage intensities did not significantly affect root biomass. Keywords: deep tillage, organic carbon, shallow tillage, soil depth, soil quality Journal: Research in Agricultural Engineering Pages: 76-84 Volume: 69 Issue: 2 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/29/2022-RAE File-URL: http://rae.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/29/2022-RAE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/rae-202302-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlrae:v:69:y:2023:i:2:id:29-2022-RAE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aliakbar Solhjou Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Shiraz, Iran Author-Name: Sayed Mansor Alavimanesh Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Shiraz, Iran Title: Field evaluation of a bent leg tillage implement in dry soil conditions Abstract: Tillage operations in dry soil conditions have increasingly been used in Iran in recent years. However, due to the recent droughts, the choice of suitable implements to reduce the clod and draught force is still under investigation. This study was aimed at determining the effect of the geometry of a bent leg tillage implement on the soil pulverisation and draught force in dry soil conditions. The treatments included three bent leg tillage depths (10, 15, and 20 cm) and three forward speeds (6, 9, and 12 km.h-1). The effect of the bent leg tillage implement on the clod mean weight diameter (MWD) and draught force was studied using a split plot experiment with three replications. The results showed that the tillage depth and forward speed affected the MWD and the draught force. Increasing the tillage depth from 10 to 20 cm increased the MWD and draught force by 24.9 and 35.1%, respectively. Increasing the forward speed from 6 to 12 km.h-1 decreased the MWD by 7.4% and increased the draught force by 40.0%. These findings show that the bent leg tillage technology has the potential to reduce the MWD and draught force at higher forward speeds. Therefore, a bent leg tillage implement can be suggested as a proper implement for tilling in dry land conditions. Keywords: clod mean weight diameter, draught force, forward speed, tillage depth Journal: Research in Agricultural Engineering Pages: 85-93 Volume: 69 Issue: 2 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/41/2022-RAE File-URL: http://rae.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/41/2022-RAE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/rae-202302-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlrae:v:69:y:2023:i:2:id:41-2022-RAE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pavel Brož Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Machines, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jaroslav Korba Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Machinery Utilization, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jitka Edrová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Machines, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Josef Hůla Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Machinery Utilization, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Petr Šařec Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Machinery Utilization, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: The effect of large doses of organic fertilisers on maize Abstract: Organic fertilisers are among the important factors increasing soil fertility. Their use belongs to sustainable technologies. As part of the field experiment, the effect of high doses of organic fertilisers on the parameters of the cultivated crop was monitored. The experiment was established using manure, compost and digestate. Monitored dosages were 40 and 200 t.ha-1. The field trial was based on a light cambisoil. The cultivated crop was maize. A blade cultivator was used in all cases to incorporate fertilisers. The qualitative parameters of the fertilisers were evaluated, as well as the maize yield and the quality of the resulting crop. The results indicate the beneficial effect of fertilisation on plant yield, quality parameters and other factors. Even in variants with high doses of fertilisers, no significant damage to the stand was recorded. Keywords: quality parameters, soil, soil plant analysis development (SPAD), yield Journal: Research in Agricultural Engineering Pages: 94-100 Volume: 69 Issue: 2 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/75/2022-RAE File-URL: http://rae.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/75/2022-RAE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/rae-202302-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlrae:v:69:y:2023:i:2:id:75-2022-RAE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pavel Brož Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Machines, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Josef Hůla Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Machines, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Influence of primary tillage on the displacement of soil particles Abstract: The loss of soil particles due to erosion is one of the main problems of current agriculture. However, soil tillage may also contribute to the undesirable transport of soil particles. It is to note that the effects of particular working elements used on implements for soil tillage have not been described in a sufficient way. To determine the translocation of soil particles, measurements were done in the Central Bohemian region. Two basic machines for soil tillage were used for measurements: a disc harrow and a tine cultivator. Measurements were performed on sandy-loamy Cambisol after the harvest of a spring cereal crop. White limestone grit was used for the indication of soil particle translocation. Great translocation of soil particles was observed after soil tillage with a tine cultivator ‒ the most distant particles were found out at a distance of more than 1.50 m from the original location. After soil tillage with disc harrows, the most distant particles were found out at a distance of 0.90 m. The dependence of tracer weight on a distance from the original location could be described for disc harrows and tine cultivator by an exponential function. Keywords: field, soil particles transfer, tillage erosion Journal: Research in Agricultural Engineering Pages: 101-106 Volume: 69 Issue: 2 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/76/2022-RAE File-URL: http://rae.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/76/2022-RAE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/rae-202302-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlrae:v:69:y:2023:i:2:id:76-2022-RAE