Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dániel Fróna Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Regional Economics and Sustainable Development, Institute of Rural Development, Regional Economics and Tourism Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary Title: The state of agricultural digitalisation in Hungary Abstract: In recent years, the concept of digitalization has gained increasing attention in the field of agriculture. The adoption of digital technologies such as sensors, drones, and precision farming tools has the potential to revolutionize how agricultural production is carried out, leading to increased efficiency, productivity, and sustainability. This study examines the current state of digitisation and the use of digital tools in agriculture among Hungarian farmers. The uptake of digitalisation has been slow, and more comprehensive policies and strategies are needed to improve progress. The study shows that while there are positive developments, such as the increasing use of precision technologies, there is still a lack of digital infrastructure and skills, as well as limited access to finance and information. The study concludes by making recommendations for policy makers, stakeholders and farmers to enhance the digitalisation of agriculture in Hungary. Keywords: digital divide, sustainability, precision agriculture, technology Journal: Research in Agricultural Engineering Pages: 1-12 Volume: 70 Issue: 1 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.17221/15/2023-RAE File-URL: http://rae.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/15/2023-RAE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/rae-202401-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlrae:v:70:y:2024:i:1:id:15-2023-RAE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dewi Qurrota A'yuni Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia Author-Name: Dede Kurniawan Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia Author-Name: Muhammad Pradhipta Irwanda Prayoga Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia Author-Name: Andri Cahyo Kumoro Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia Author-Name: Mohamad Djaeni Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia Author-Name: Agus Subagio Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia Title: Energy and carbon dioxide emission analysis of a batch-mode paddy drying process in a rotary dryer Abstract: The rice drying process in a rotary dryer gives the benefit of producing uniformly dried rice in a short drying time. This work investigated a rotary dryer's efficiency and heat consumption at various temperatures (40, 50, and 60 °C) and capacities (10, 20, 30, and 40 kg). When loaded with 10 to 30 kg of rough rice and operated at 60 °C, the dryer produced dry rice with 14% w.b. moisture content for less than 3 hours. The energy efficiency and consumption were evaluated based on the experiment and theoretical analysis. According to the observation, a high temperature significantly shortened drying time. Thus, the total energy and fuel consumption decreased even at the higher capacity. The lowest carbon dioxide emission was achieved at the highest temperature and capacity. Keywords: energy consumption, energy efficiency, fuel consumption, moisture content Journal: Research in Agricultural Engineering Pages: 35-42 Volume: 70 Issue: 1 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.17221/32/2023-RAE File-URL: http://rae.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/32/2023-RAE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/rae-202401-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlrae:v:70:y:2024:i:1:id:32-2023-RAE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Thawatchai Thongleam Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Science and Technology, Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand Author-Name: Kriengkrai Meethaworn Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Science and Technology, Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand Author-Name: Sanya Kuankid Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Science and Technology, Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand Title: Enhancing melon yield through a low-cost drip irrigation control system with time and soil sensor Abstract: Drip irrigation is a highly efficient method for watering crops, as  it delivers water directly to the roots and minimises wastage due to evaporation or runoff. This paper presents the development and implementation of  a low-cost drip irrigation control system that uses both time- and soil sensor-based approaches. The system's efficiency was compared through a field experiment of melon growing, divided into three categories and four replications using a completely randomised design. The treatments include: T1 [time-based irrigation (TBI)], T2 [soil moisture-based irrigation (SMI)], and T3 [hand watering irrigation system (HWI)]. Results indicated that the TBI technique resulted in faster plant growth compared to the other treatments, as evidenced by increased leaf widths, lengths, numbers, and stem diameter. All irrigation techniques showed significant differences in yield characteristics, with TBI and SMI producing no differences in the first flowering day of female fruit widths, lengths, and weight of melon. However, the HWI treatment resulted in lower fruit length and weight yields. Cost analysis showed that the system is beneficial as  a very low-cost device that is affordable, precise, and useful for measuring and controlling irrigation-related parameters for melon cultivation. Keywords: Arduino, field experiment, irrigation automation, melon cultivation, yield characteristics Journal: Research in Agricultural Engineering Pages: 13-22 Volume: 70 Issue: 1 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.17221/20/2023-RAE File-URL: http://rae.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/20/2023-RAE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/rae-202401-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlrae:v:70:y:2024:i:1:id:20-2023-RAE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Diang Sagita Author-Workplace-Name: Research Center for Appropriate Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Subang, Indonesia Author-Name: Dadang Dayat Hidayat Author-Workplace-Name: Research Center for Appropriate Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Subang, Indonesia Author-Name: Doddy Andy Darmajana Author-Workplace-Name: Research Center for Appropriate Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Subang, Indonesia Author-Name: Ari Rahayuningtyas Author-Workplace-Name: Research Center for Appropriate Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Subang, Indonesia Author-Name: Hari Hariadi Author-Workplace-Name: Research Center for Appropriate Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Subang, Indonesia Title: Fabrication and performance test of a multipurpose ohmic heating apparatus with a real-time data logging system based on low-cost sensors Abstract: Ohmic heating is an emerging technology currently in high demand for application in various processes. In this research, a prototype of a multipurpose ohmic heating apparatus was successfully designed, fabricated, and tested. This apparatus was designed based on low-cost and versatile sensors and components available worldwide. Three independent chambers could be operated parallelly and individually with different treatments. Parameter data, i.e., voltage, electrical current, the temperature of heated material and environmental humidity-temperature, could be recorded by an embedded data logging system. The sensor had been tested and validated by comparing all the sensors used with commercial standard instruments. The result showed that all sensors had high measurement accuracy, indicated by very low mean absolute error (MAE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), with R2 > 0.999. The performance test revealed that product temperature could be accurately maintained according to the set point temperature with a deviation value lower than 0.1 °C. The data logging system was able to record and store the parameter data in SD card memory for up  to several days without interruption. The prototype of the ohmic heating apparatus could be  an effective alternative to process many purposes such as pasteurisation, cooking, warming, and fermentation based on the ohmic heating principle. Keywords: arduino-based equipment, electrothermal treatment, emerging technology, moderate electric field Journal: Research in Agricultural Engineering Pages: 23-34 Volume: 70 Issue: 1 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.17221/21/2023-RAE File-URL: http://rae.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/21/2023-RAE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/rae-202401-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlrae:v:70:y:2024:i:1:id:21-2023-RAE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mustafa Gokalp Boydas Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Machinery and Technologies Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey Title: Comparison of experimental and numerical results on flow uniformity of seeds transmitted from the studded feed roller Abstract: Studded feed rollers are widely used in seed metering units of seed drills. The flow evenness is an important indicator of the performance of studded feed rollers. With this research, the effects of studded feed rollers with different stud numbers (27, 36, and 45 studs) on flow evenness were investigated both in the laboratory and by simulation in case of using different ground speeds (1.5, 2, and 2.5 m.s-1). While the experiments were carried out on the seed drill model prepared in the laboratory, the simulation was done with the Rocky DEM software program. In the laboratory and simulation studies, it was determined that the flow evenness increased with the increase in the number of studs and the ground speed. The results obtained from the laboratory and simulation studies show parallelism with each other. However, it was seen that the results obtained in the laboratory were slightly higher than the results obtained from the simulation. With this study, it has been seen that it would be very beneficial to use the DEM model to improve the performance of the seed metering unit and to develop a new seed metering unit. Keywords: discrete element method, seed drill, seed metering unit, stud type roller, wheat Journal: Research in Agricultural Engineering Pages: 43-52 Volume: 70 Issue: 1 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.17221/34/2023-RAE File-URL: http://rae.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/34/2023-RAE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/rae-202401-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlrae:v:70:y:2024:i:1:id:34-2023-RAE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kornél Szalay Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Budapest, Hungary Author-Name: Jiří Souček Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Prague, Czeh-Republic Author-Name: Gábor Bércesi Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Budapest, Hungary Author-Name: Adrienn Bablena Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Budapest, Hungary Author-Name: Kovács Lászlo Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Budapest, Hungary Author-Name: Sayakhat Orazovich Nukeshev Author-Workplace-Name: Technical Faculty, Saken Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical University, Astana, Kazakhstan Author-Name: Savelii Kuharets Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Mechanical Engineering and Agroecosystems, Zhytomyr National Agroecological University, Zhytomyr, Ukraine Author-Name: Volodymyr Kravchuk Author-Workplace-Name: State Scientific Organization Leonid Pogorilyy Ukrainian Scientific Research Institute of Forecasting and Testing of Machinery and Technologies for Agricultural Production, Kyiv, Ukraine Author-Name: Gennadii Golub Author-Workplace-Name: Department mechanization of livestock, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine Author-Name: Antonín Machálek Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Prague, Czeh-Republic Author-Name: Aleksandr Vladimirovich Dobrinov Author-Workplace-Name: Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, branch in Saint Petersburg, Saint Petersburg, Russia Title: Reconstructed military machine for unique field testing of agricultural machinery capabilities Abstract: Detailed performance testing of agricultural machinery is very important in determining its value in use. These measurements cannot be limited to laboratory tests, such as braking the power take-off (PTO) shaft of  a tractor or performing dynamic tests of implements in a soil bin. Field tests are the ultimate way to test the capabilities of agricultural machinery. However, during such field tests, there are many parameters that can interfere with and affect the test results, such as inhomogeneity of the soil and tyre characteristics. In order to minimise these effects as much as possible, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE) Institute of Technology, Agriculture Engineering Labs. has developed a dynamometer vehicle with an electronic brake control system that is suitable for measuring the traction characteristics of agricultural tractors and other terrain vehicles. It  is also capable of testing different track systems and tyre-soil interactions. This paper introduces this special test vehicle by presenting measurement results and also describes other interesting applications for the agricultural community. Keywords: traction test, tractor field test, dynamometer vehicle Journal: Research in Agricultural Engineering Pages: 53-59 Volume: 70 Issue: 1 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.17221/60/2023-RAE File-URL: http://rae.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/60/2023-RAE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/rae-202401-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlrae:v:70:y:2024:i:1:id:60-2023-RAE