Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Radka Kodešová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Geology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Lukáš Brodský Author-Workplace-Name: GISAT, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Comparison of CGMS-WOFOST and HYDRUS-1D Simulation Results for One Cell of CGMS-GRID50 Abstract: CGMS (Crop Growth Monitoring System) developed by JRC is an integrated system to monitor crop behaviour and quantitative crop yield forecast that operates on a European scale. To simulate water balance in the root zone the simulation model CGMS-WOFOST (SUPIT & VAN DER GOOT 2003) is used that is based on water storage routing. This study was performed to assess a possible impact of simplifications of the water storage routing based model on simulated water regime in the soil profile. Results of CGMS-WOFOST are compared with results of a more precise Richards' equation based model HYDRUS-1D (ŠIMŮNEK et al. 2005). 16 scenarios are simulated using HYDRUS-1D. Each scenario represents a single soil profile presented in the selected cell of GRID50 in the Czech Republic. Geometry of the soil profiles, material (texture) definition, root distributions, measured daily rainfall, calculated daily evaporation from the bare soil surface and transpiration of crop canopy were defined similarly to CGMS-WOFOST inputs according to the data stored in the SGDBE40 database. The soil hydraulic properties corresponding to each soil layer were defined using the class transfer rules (WÖSTEN et al. 1999). The bottom boundary conditions were defined either similarly to CGMS-WOFOST bottom boundary condition as a free drainage or as a constant water level 250 cm below the soil surface to demonstrate a ground water impact on the soil profile water balance. The relative soil moisture (RSM) in the root zone during the vegetation period was calculated to be compared with the similar output from CGMS. The RSM values obtained using HYDRUS-1D are higher than those obtained using CGMS-WOFOST mostly due to higher retention ability of HYDRUS-1D. The reasonably higher RSM values were obtained at the end of simulated period using the HYDRUS-1D for the constant water level 250 cm below the soil surface. Keywords: GRID50, capacity based model, WOFOST, Richards' equation based model, HYDRUS-1D, Crop Growth Monitoring System (CGMS), soil profile water balance, relative soil moisture Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 39-48 Volume: 1 Issue: 2 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/6504-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6504-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-200602-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:1:y:2006:i:2:id:6504-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pavel Kovář Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Land Use and Improvement, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, and Author-Name: Šárka Dvořáková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Mathematics, Technical Faculty, Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Eliška Kubátová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Land Use and Improvement, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, and Title: Possibilities of Using the Direct Runoff Model KINFIL for a Road Network Design Abstract: The paper provides a practical implementation of the hydrological model KINFIL to be used for design­ing an optimal road density system in areas where agricultural or forestry production does not play an important role. In particular, such a road system project is based on the physiographic characteristics of land. Input data for a direct runoff analysis are computed in relation to the geometric parameters of upstream sub-catchments using the method of maximum daily precipitation reduction. Computed direct runoff discharges depend mainly on soil and vegetation conditions. Besides the soil type characteristics, the length and the angle of hill slopes to be drained by a road drainage system are major parameters determining the road density. These discharges are further assessed for road drain capacities designed according to the Czech Standard System (ČSN). Keywords: road network, off-production area, hydrological model Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 49-56 Volume: 1 Issue: 2 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/6505-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6505-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-200602-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:1:y:2006:i:2:id:6505-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ladislav Kolář Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: Rostislav Ledvina Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: Stanislav Kužel Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: František Klimeš Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: Pavel Štindl Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Title: Soil Organic Matter and its Stability in Aerobic and Anaerobic Conditions Abstract: In eight samples of organic and organomineral surface horizons we studied the stability of soil organic matter in aerobic and anaerobic conditions expressed by the rate constant of its biochemical oxidation, total biochemical oxygen demand, substrate production of methane and degradability in anaerobic conditions. In the eight very different samples no relationship was found between aerobic and anaerobic stability of their organic matter; nor was the expected relationship between total biochemical oxygen demand and "active carbon" Chws proved. Methods of determination are described. Keywords: soils, organic matter, stability, aerobic and anaerobic conditions Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 57-64 Volume: 1 Issue: 2 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/6506-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6506-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-200602-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:1:y:2006:i:2:id:6506-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Miloslav Janeček Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Eliška Kubátová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Land Use and Improvement, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Martin Tippl Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Revised Determination of the Rainfall-runoff Erosivity Factor R for Application of USLE in the Czech Republic Abstract: The evaluation of a series (1961-2000) of ombrographic records from 13 selected stations of Czech Hydrometeorological Institute provided long-term annual summation values and annual peaks of the rainfallrunoff erosivity factor R in the USLE. The evaluation indicated that by defining an erosive rainfall event as (a) rainfall ≥ 12.5 mm or (b) rainfall intensity > 6 mm per 15 minutes, there were on average 8 erosive rainfall events per station, varying from 1 to 25. The long-term summation values of R factor were in the range of 42 to 106 (average 66) and annual peaks ranged from 19 to 38 (average 29). If the criteria (a) and (b) were to be fulfilled simultaneously, there were on average more than 2 erosive rainfall events per year per station, the number varying from 0 to 12. The long-term summation values of R factor ranged from 25 to 67 (average 45), with annual peaks from 17 to 36 (average 27.5). The long-term investigations of soil losses by erosion on experimental runoff plots, near Třebsín (Prague-West district), caused by storms, reveal that these losses were mostly caused by rainfall events satisfying both criteria (a) and (b) at the same time. The results of this investigation suggest that the average value of the erosivity factor R = 20 recommended for the Czech Republic until now should be increased to R = 45 and/or 66, which in practical terms would necessitate more stringent conservation measures. Keywords: water erosion, storms, rainfall erosivity (R) factor, USLE Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 65-71 Volume: 1 Issue: 2 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/6507-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6507-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-200602-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:1:y:2006:i:2:id:6507-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marcela Rohošková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Geology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Vít Penížek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Geology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Luboš Borůvka Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Geology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Study of Anthropogenic Soils on a Reclaimed Dumpsite and their Variability by Geostatistical Methods Abstract: Soils of reclaimed dumpsites after coal mining are considered as typical anthropogenic soils. These soils are at the beginning of their development and have certain specific characteristics. The aim of this study was to describe a soil survey performed on anthropogenic soils of a reclaimed dumpsite, to analyse spatial variability of selected properties using geostatistical methods, and to evaluate the development of reclaimed dumpsite soils. It has been shown that geostatistical methods are suitable for a description of anthropogenic soil properties and their variability. However, characterization of soil properties on the border between areas with different types of reclamation can be difficult due to sharp discontinual transitions caused by human activity. Properties of these soils vary profoundly greatly dependent on the properties of the soil substrate and the type of reclamation. The average content of organic carbon in the topsoil (0-20 cm) was 1.92% on the area covered with a layer of natural topsoil and 0.92% on the area covered by a layer of loess. An initial A horizon can develop even in 10 years under favourable conditions. Keywords: soil survey, soil reclamation, anthropogenic soils, spatial variability, geostatistics Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 72-78 Volume: 1 Issue: 2 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/6508-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6508-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-200602-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:1:y:2006:i:2:id:6508-SWR