Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lukáš Brodský Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Geology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Luboš Borůvka Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Geology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Object-oriented Fuzzy Analysis of Remote Sensing Data for Bare Soil Brightness Mapping Abstract: Remote sensing data have an important advantage; the data provide spatially exhaustive sampling of the area of interest instead of having samples of tiny fractions. Vegetation cover is, however, one of the application constraints in soil science. Areas of bare soil can be mapped. These spatially dense data require proper techniques to map identified patterns. The objective of this study was mapping of spatial patterns of bare soil colour brightness in a Landsat 7 satellite image in the study area of Central Bohemia using object-oriented fuzzy analysis. A soil map (1:200 000) was used to associate soil types with the soil brightness in the image. Several approaches to determine membership functions (MF) of the fuzzy rule base were tested. These included a simple manual approach, k-means clustering, a method based on the sample histogram, and one using the probability density function. The method that generally provided the best results for mapping the soil brightness was based on the probability density function with KIA = 0.813. The resulting classification map was finally compared with an existing soil map showing 72.0% agreement of the mapped area. The disagreement of 28.0% was mainly in the areas of Chernozems (69.3%). Keywords: remote sensing, soil colour, digital soil mapping, fuzzy analysis, fuzzy membership function Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 79-84 Volume: 1 Issue: 3 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/6509-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6509-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-200603-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:1:y:2006:i:3:id:6509-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michal Dohnal Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jaromír Dušek Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Tomáš Vogel Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jiří Herza Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Pavel Tachecí Author-Workplace-Name: DHI Hydroinform a.s., Prague, Czech Republic Title: Analysis of Soil Water Response to Grass Transpiration Abstract: This paper focuses on numerical modelling of soil water movement in response to the root water uptake that is driven by transpiration. The flow of water in a lysimeter, installed at a grass covered hillslope site in a small headwater catchment, is analysed by means of numerical simulation. The lysimeter system provides a well defined control volume with boundary fluxes measured and soil water pressure continuously monitored. The evapotranspiration intensity is estimated by the Penman-Monteith method and compared with the measured lysimeter soil water loss and the simulated root water uptake. Variably saturated flow of water in the lysimeter is simulated using one-dimensional dual-permeability model based on the numerical solution of the Richards' equation. The availability of water for the root water uptake is determined by the evaluation of the plant water stress function, integrated in the soil water flow model. Different lower boundary conditions are tested to compare the soil water dynamics inside and outside the lysimeter. Special attention is paid to the possible influence of the preferential flow effects on the lysimeter soil water balance. The adopted modelling approach provides a useful and flexible framework for numerical analysis of soil water dynamics in response to the plant transpiration. Keywords: evapotranspiration, root water uptake, water stress function, Richards' equation, preferential flow, dual-permeability model, lysimeter Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 85-98 Volume: 1 Issue: 3 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/6510-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6510-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-200603-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:1:y:2006:i:3:id:6510-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Milan Štrudl Author-Workplace-Name: Sokolov Coal Company, Sokolov, Czech Republic Author-Name: Luboš Borůvka Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Geology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Konstantin Dimitrovský Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Geology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Josef Kozák Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Geology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Contents of Potentially Risk Elements in Natural and Reclaimed Soils of the Sokolov Region Abstract: Anthropogenic soils are formed by human activities. The contents of potentially risk elements are one of the most important criteria of the exploitability of such soils for the agricultural production. The aim of this paper is to assess the contents of the selected potentially risk elements in 16 areas of the Sokolov region, including 5 reclaimed areas and 11 natural soils. 116 sampling locations were analysed in total. Another aim is to analyse the relationships between the elements, using multivariate statistical methods. The contents of the risk elements studied were in most cases under the limit values. In some cases, as with Pb, they were very low compared to the limit values. In the principal component analysis, four components explaining 74% of total variability were selected. The first component (30.2% of variability) showed strong correlations with Mn, V, Ni, and Cu contents. The second component (15.8% of variability) correlated with As and Be. The third component (14.3%) correlated with Pb and Cd. The fourth component (13.7%) correlated with Zn and Cr. The mean scores of each area were projected into the component plots, which enables the assessment of the relative importance of each group of elements in each particular area. The reclaimed and the natural soils are clearly distinguished. It can be concluded that the contents of the risk elements studied do not currently present any important problem in the reclaimed areas. Nevertheless, the situation should be further monitored. Keywords: soil reclamation, potentially risk elements, principal component analysis Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 99-107 Volume: 1 Issue: 3 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/6511-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6511-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-200603-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:1:y:2006:i:3:id:6511-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Radim Vácha Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Markéta Vysloužilová Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Viera Horváthová Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jarmila Čechmánková Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Risks Following from Husbandry on Agricultural Soils in Loaded Areas of the Czech Republic Abstract: In the Czech Republic, industrial areas, mining areas and military zones can be found. These areas represent potential risks for the agricultural production from the viewpoint of hygienic standards. The industrial areas and mining areas are the topic of the present study. The industrial areas are combined with present or past mining activities in the Czech Republic in most cases. The widest industrial areas located in North-Bohemian and North-Moravian regions were based on the mining of brown and black coal. North-Bohemian region was affected by the combustion of brown coal in the power stations during many years and the region was a part of the Middle-European area called black triangle. The problems with increased contents of risky elements (mainly As from brown coal combustion) and persistent organic pollutants in the soil are documented. North-Moravian region with the mining of black coal is typical with its industrial metallurgical activities. Increased contents of Cd and persistent organic pollutants-POPs (mainly polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons-PAHs and dibenzo-p-dioxines and dibenzofurans-PCDD/F) in the soils of the region are a topical problem. In addition to this fact, mainly native soil owners use the soil for husbandry (gardens, crofts). The contents of risky elements and POPs (including PCDD/F) in selected soil samples from the area are documented. Next area of a similar kind is represented by the Příbram district where the mining and treatment of the ores has been under way since Middle Ages. The serious contamination of the agricultural soils by Pb, Cd, and Zn was and still is being solved by research projects. The contamination of the soil by As in the Kutná Hora district represents a typical past mining load caused by the spread of mining wastes on the soils in the vicinity of the medieval mining town Kutná Hora. The last type of the increased soil load presented is connected with fluvial zones of some rivers. The floods by contaminated water were the source of the soil contamination. Keywords: potentially risky elements, persistent organic pollutants, dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofuranes, husbandry on agricultural soils, mining activities and old soil load, contamination of fluvisoils Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 108-116 Volume: 1 Issue: 3 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/6512-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6512-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-200603-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:1:y:2006:i:3:id:6512-SWR