Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Renata Pavelková Chmelová
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Bořivoj Šarapatka
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Miroslav Dumbrovský
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Civil Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Přemysl Pavka
Author-Workplace-Name: EKOTOXA OPAVA Ltd. (branch office Olomouc), Olomouc, Czech Republic
Title: Runoff processes and land use changes in the upper reaches of the Krupá river catchment during the last 70 years
Abstract: In this paper, the authors summarise the land use changes in the upper reaches of the Krupá river catchment, which is a left tributary of the Morava River. During last 70 years, the catchment was exposed to many important historical events that have been inscribed in the physique of the landscape in a very interesting way. The land use changes, which occurred during the last eight decades in the subcatchment of the Krupá river basin, have been analysed using historical maps, cadastral maps, and both historical and recent aerial photographs of the area. The next step is to estimate, through the CN method and DesQ hydrological model, how the runoff processes in the Krupá River catchment could be influenced by the land use changes.
Keywords: land use changes, surface runoff, CN method, DesQ hydrological model, small catchment
Journal: Soil and Water Research
Pages: 77-84
Volume: 2
Issue: 3
Year: 2007
DOI: 10.17221/2103-SWR
File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2103-SWR.html
File-Format: text/html
X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-200703-0001.txt
Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:2:y:2007:i:3:id:2103-SWR

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jana Uhlířová
Author-Workplace-Name: Department for Land Use Planning, Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Brno, Czech Republic
Title: Survey of efficiency of erosion and flood control measures at the Němčický stream
Abstract: The article presents the initial part of the research of the efficiency of erosion and flood control measures designed in the experimental basin of the Němčický stream. A long term observation of discharges, rainfalls, and some water quality indicators was introduced at 2 experimental profiles. We have elaborated a study of the erosion threat for discovered areas, where the realisation of protective measures is necessary to reduce soil loss. Besides the erosion control, the sheet grassing contributes to a better water retention by the agricultural countryside. The efficiency of the designed measures ascertained by model evaluation proved that grassing of 49 ha of arable land (from total 183 ha) and the exclusion of erosive dangerous crops growing (on 21 ha) should decrease the centenary discharge by 18% and the amount of the transported suspended matter by 29%. The observation will continue after realisation of the erosion control measures and of a polder, which was designed for sufficiently effective flood protection, and the measurements will be compared with the preliminary and model values.
Keywords: sheet water erosion, flood, extreme rainfall - runoff events, protective measures, efficiency, complex land use adjustment, ERCN
Journal: Soil and Water Research
Pages: 85-95
Volume: 2
Issue: 3
Year: 2007
DOI: 10.17221/2102-SWR
File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2102-SWR.html
File-Format: text/html
X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-200703-0002.txt
Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:2:y:2007:i:3:id:2102-SWR

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tomáš Šimon
Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic
Title: Characterisation of soil organic matter in long-term fallow experiment with respect to the soil hydrophobicity and wettability
Abstract: Soil organic matter under different tillage and fertilisation systems of long-term fallow experiment established in 1958 in Prague was characterised in period of 1972-2004. This experiment consists of seven variants (control (no tillage, no manuring); farmyard manure compost (FYM); 2FYM; mineral fertilisation (NPK); 2NPK; reduced tillage (RT), and conventional tillage (CT)). In 1989, regular manuring and tillage were terminated and since then the plots have been maintained bare. Organic carbon content (Cox) was analysed and the hydrophobic (A) and hydrophilic (B) functional groups were determined using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Hydrophobicity index (HI) and soil wettability (A/B ratio) were assessed in the experimental variants. A high significant positive correlation (r = 0.976; P < 0.05) was found, between hydrophobic functional groups (Band A) and Cox, hydrophilic functional groups (Band B) did not correlate with Cox. Soil wettability tended to decrease after the organic manuring was finished with the result that the values of A/B ratio were significantly different according to the farmyard manure doses applied. On the contrary, HI responded to organic manuring termination later on and no significant differences were found between different farmyard manure doses. In the variants without any fertilisation, a continual decrease in both soil wettability and hydrophobicity during the selected time period was found; the degradation process is going on in these variants.
Keywords: long-term fallow experiment, soil organic carbon, FTIR spectra, hydrophobic (A) and hydrophilic (B) functional groups, wettability, hydrophobicity
Journal: Soil and Water Research
Pages: 96-103
Volume: 2
Issue: 3
Year: 2007
DOI: 10.17221/2105-SWR
File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2105-SWR.html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:2:y:2007:i:3:id:2105-SWR

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: František Křovák
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Land Use and Improvement, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Title: On the determination of the stable bed slope of a channel using mathematical model
Abstract: The paper deals with an analysis of selected equations used for the determination of a stable longwise slope calculation of torrential rivers. Irregularity of the gradient, accompanied by heavy bed-load experiencing abrupt changes of the flow as a result of heavy rainfalls of short duration and high intensity, these are typical features impacting the behaviour and characteristics of torrential rivers. The determination of the stable bottom slope, when the river bed is kept unpaved but still provides resistence against harmfull effects of rapids, becomes an essential objective of the study. Three methods are used to determine the stable slope: the first is based on tangent tension (shear stress theory), the second observes a (critical) non-scouring cross-sectional velocity (critical mean channel velocities), and the third applies the bottom layer velocity, (the critical bed velocities). The mathematical hydraulic model HEC-RAS v. 3.1.3 has been used for the verification of the methods in the Jindřichovický creek case study in the Krušné hory.
Keywords: stable bed slope, shear stress theory, critical mean channel velocities, critical bed velocities, HEC-RAS model
Journal: Soil and Water Research
Pages: 104-111
Volume: 2
Issue: 3
Year: 2007
DOI: 10.17221/2104-SWR
File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2104-SWR.html
File-Format: text/html
X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-200703-0004.txt
Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:2:y:2007:i:3:id:2104-SWR