Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tomáš Šimon
Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic
Title: The influence of long-term organic and mineral fertilization on soil organic matter
Abstract: Parameters evaluating soil organic matter quantity (organic C and N content) and quality (hot water extractable C content, aliphatic compounds, microbial biomass C content, basal respiration activity) were determined in soils differently fertilized (NPK - mineral fertilization 64.6 kg N/ha/year, FYM - farmyard manure 38.6 kg N/ha/year, FYM + NPK - 103.3 kg N/ha/year) in long-term field experiment established in 1955 in Prague. Variant without any fertilization was used as a control. Nine years crop rotation (45% cereals, 33% root crops, 22% fodder crops) is practiced in this long-term experiment. Soil samples were taken from the arable layer (0-20 cm) in spring over the period of 1994-2004. Continual application of FYM and FYM + NPK increased the organic carbon content, hot water extractable C (HWC) content, aliphatic compounds content and microbial biomass C content significantly compared to control variant. Mineral fertilization (NPK) increased only organic C content significantly compared to control variant; HWC content, aliphatic compounds content and microbial biomass C content were increased not significantly. Basal respiration activity did not differ significantly between the variants but the influence of plants cropped in individual years on the basal respiration was observed. The total N content was increased significantly only in FYM + NPK variant as compared to control variant. Presence of lucerne in crop rotation contributed positively to the total nitrogen content in soil of all variants due to the symbiotic N2 fixation. C:N ratio varied from 9.96 to 10.46. Significant positive relationships (r = 0.30 to 0.68; P < 0.05) among the all parameters were determined with exception of basal respiration activity. The most of measured characteristics tended to be constant or slightly increase in the period of observation that shows evidence of stability of this soil management system.
Keywords: long-term field experiment, organic and mineral fertilization, crop rotation, soil organic matter
Journal: Soil and Water Research
Pages: 41-51
Volume: 3
Issue: 2
Year: 2008
DOI: 10.17221/21/2008-SWR
File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/21/2008-SWR.html
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:3:y:2008:i:2:id:21-2008-SWR

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dana Tollingerová
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Environmental Science, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Karel Pavelka
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Title: Creating of digital surface model and orthophoto from ASTER satellite data and their application in land/water research
Abstract: Satellite data has become a commonly used information source. Landscapes components such as water, inorganic substances, vegetation, and the atmosphere may be distinguished making use of their spectral characteristics. The above mentioned components may be further divided. For example, inorganic substances may be subdivided into soil, minerals, build up areas etc. The spectral characteristics of soils are determined by moisture, humus contents, mineral composition, surface structure, and the stage of eroding processes. The development in remote sensing tends either to the data acquisition in more spectral bands or the improvement of the resolution of remote sensing data. The terra satellite ranks among new generation satellites; its orbital parameters are similar to the parameters of the Landsat system. ASTER (Advanced Spaceborn Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer) is one of the onboard instruments on Terra satellite and captures data in 14 spectral bands. The VNIR (Visible Near Infrared) subsystem provides 15 m spatial resolution data. Two of the VNIR subsystem telescopes enable stereoscopic data evaluation. A stereo-pair consists of 3N (nadir) and 3B (backward) images. A couple of 3N and 3B images can be used for the creation of a digital surface model (DSM) and orthophoto. This article describes the creation of DSM and orthophoto of an area located in the north-west part of the Czech Republic. Images of the area were made in years 2002 and 2005. In this work, level 1B images were used, i.e. images with radiometric and geometric corrections already applied. The model was created through the use of 21 control points selected in each scene. The standard error of co-ordinates of the control points is up to 15 m, the elevation standard error is approx. 30 m. The accuracy of the final DSM and orthophoto was tested on a set of 13 check points. The position standard error in DSM and orthophoto is approx. 15 m, i.e. just about the size of one pixel of the original data. The elevation standard error of the checkpoints is up to 40 m. The output can be used as a basis for small-scale maps. Using one scene acquired by ASTER instruments, a DSM and orthophoto covering an area of 60 × 60 km can be created. Keywords: remote sensing; ASTER; digital surface model; orthophoto
Keywords: remote sensing, ASTER, digital surface model, orthophoto
Journal: Soil and Water Research
Pages: 52-61
Volume: 3
Issue: 2
Year: 2008
DOI: 10.17221/2420-SWR
File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2420-SWR.html
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:3:y:2008:i:2:id:2420-SWR

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Paolo Zuccarini
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
Title: Ion uptake by halophytic plants to mitigate saline stress in Solanum lycopersicon L., and different effect of soil and water salinity
Abstract: Soil and water salinization are affecting an increasing number of countries in the world, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, and cause sensible reductions of agricultural land extension and of crop yields. Consociation with halophytic plants is a promising but not yet widely investigated strategy of salt stress reduction in crops. In this experiment, tomato plants were cultivated in saline conditions, alone and in consociation with three different halophytic species (Portulaca oleracea L.; Salsola soda L.; Atriplex hortensis L.). The salinity was brought either by the soil or by the irrigation water. Consociation with P. oleracea gave the best results in terms of increase of tomato growth and yields, while S. soda caused excessive nutritional competition against tomato due to its fast growth, undoing the positive effects of saline ions uptake. A. hortensis gave intermediate results. Salinity of water resulted in causing more severe stress on the plants, and consequently highlighted more the benefical effect of salt uptake performed by the halophytes on the main crop; salinity of soil on the contrary appeared to be less decisive, probably due to the leaching effect of the irrigation water.
Keywords: soil salinity, water salinity, Solanum lycopersicon L., halophytes, consociation
Journal: Soil and Water Research
Pages: 62-73
Volume: 3
Issue: 2
Year: 2008
DOI: 10.17221/25/2008-SWR
File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/25/2008-SWR.html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:3:y:2008:i:2:id:25-2008-SWR

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Omotayo B. Adeboye
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
Author-Name: Olarewaju M. Alatise
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
Title: Surface water potential of the river Osun at Apoje sub-basin Nigeria
Abstract: In order to archive the millennium goals of which water for all by the year 2015 is a major component; all efforts must be made to efficiently utilise the available water resources in various parts of the world and more importantly in Africa which has been described as the worst hit. In Nigeria, water scarcity in terms of quality and quantity is a major problem. In order to assess the potential of the River Osun at Apoje sub-basin located in the southwestern part of Nigeria, the streamflow and gauge height data of 18 years (1982-1999) were collected from Ogun-Osun River Basin and Rural Development Authourity, Abeokuta, Nigeria. A rating curve was drawn for the station by plotting the gauge heights against their annual maximum discharges. The annual cumulative inflows for each year were determined and plotted against water years to evaluate their spatial distributions. Mass curve was drawn for each year and their potential reservoir capacities were determined. The results show that, at the return periods of 10, 25, and 50 years, the upper flood limits of 430, 451, and 458 m3/s, respectively, were obtained at 95% confidence intervals and the level of significance of 0.025. The coefficient of determination r2 of 0.9984 shows a good fit of the rating curve. The annual cumulative inflow in the sub-basin varies from 60 to 306 billion m3 of water in 18 years. The average annual cumulative inflow was 125 billion m3 of water while the interannual variability was 42%. The intraanual variability was between 56 and 83%. The maximum potential reservoir capacity of 22 billion m3 of water can be built in the area to cater adequately for diverse uses in the sub-basin.
Keywords: streamflow, gauge heights, Apoje sub-basin
Journal: Soil and Water Research
Pages: 74-79
Volume: 3
Issue: 2
Year: 2008
DOI: 10.17221/2423-SWR
File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2423-SWR.html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:3:y:2008:i:2:id:2423-SWR