Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jitka Sládková Author-Workplace-Name: EU Council Office, Department of EU General Relations, Czech Office for Standards, Metrology and Testing, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Integration of soil information systems. BIS and SOTER perspectives Abstract: The article presents an overview and brief characteristics of the selected soil information systems in the Czech Republic. It suggests synchronisation of their development, particularly some convergence of the Land Evaluation Information System and Soil and Terrain Digital Database. In the pilot area of Litoměřice district, it demonstrates the application of the SOTER methodology for the construction of middle- and detail-scale soil maps, using the data from the General survey of agricultural soils. It not only shows the variety of the district soil conditions, but it also supplements them with the data gathered in the 2006 soil survey. Keywords: soil information systems, soil maps and survey, BIS, SOTER Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 183-198 Volume: 3 Issue: 4 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/2090-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2090-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-200804-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:3:y:2008:i:4:id:2090-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: František Doležal Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Tomáš Litschmann Author-Workplace-Name: AMET - Consortium Litschmann-Suchý, Velké Bílovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jiří Kučera Author-Workplace-Name: Environmental Measuring Systems, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jana Peterková Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Josef Zavadil Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Josef Vacek Author-Workplace-Name: Potato Research Institute Havlíčkův Brod Ltd., Havlíčkův Brod, Czech Republic Author-Name: Pavel Pražák Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Eva Pilná Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Tomáš Bayer Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Marek Nechvátal Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Field and laboratory ad hoc calibrations of Virrib and ThetaProbe dielectric sensors for soil moisture measurements Abstract: For the research of irrigation optimization and nitrate leaching it is important to know the short-term soil moisture variation during percolation episodes as well as its seasonal pattern. Dielectric soil moisture sensors Virrib (AMET - Consortium) and ThetaProbe ML2x (Delta-T) were used for this purpose over several years for measuring soil moisture content at hourly intervals in Valečov (49°38'40" N, 14°30'25" E, 461 m a.s.l.), Czech Republic, in a deep loamy Stagnosol soil underlain by weathered paragneiss. One-point field calibration was made each spring at the time of sensor installation over three (for Virribs) or two (for ThetaProbes) consecutive years by taking sensor readings and soil samples (at least one 100 cm3 core sample near to each sensor) in parallel. A supplementary check was then made in the laboratory by taking readings of individual sensors, inserted into pre-made loamy-sand mixtures with various moisture contents. During both the field calibration and the laboratory check, the readings were taken manually, using either the AMET hand-held meter or the EMS ModuLog datalogger. The results suggest that the average slope of the secondary Virrib calibration curve (defined as the plot of y = sensor readings in terms of moisture content vs. x = soil moisture content determined gravimetrically) is near to unity, but the offsets are quite large and vary from probe to probe. The axial zone of influence of the Virrib sensors is up to about 30 cm, as it follows from both laboratory and field observations. The results of the laboratory check of Virribs were biased, because the volume of the soil was not large enough and the soil had different dry bulk densities at different moisture contents. The field secondary calibration curve of ThetaProbes appears to be roughly linear, in contrast to the laboratory calibration curve, because of absence of very low moisture contents in the field. If the same calibration line is applied to several different depths, then its slope is statistically significantly lower then unity, due to the dependence of ThetaProbe readings on the soil bulk density. The overall accuracy of the sensors and its components due to different factors is estimated from the statistics of repeated measurements. Keywords: Virrib, ThetaProbe, one-point, loam, loamy sand, zone of influence, bulk density, offset, FertOrgaNic Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 199-214 Volume: 3 Issue: 4 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/18/2008-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/18/2008-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-200804-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:3:y:2008:i:4:id:18-2008-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tereza Zádorová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Tomáš Chuman Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Luděk Šefrna Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Proposal for a method for Colluvisol delineation in Chernozem region Abstract: Erosion, which is one of the most important exogenous processes forming the landscape, has become a main degradation factor affecting agroecosystems. One of the direct erosion effects is a change in the soil cover structure. Colluvisols, originating in the material accumulated in depressions and foot part of slopes, represent a significant element in such a segmented soil mosaic. In the Chernozem loess area of Žďánický les, a method of areal delimitation of Colluvisols was proposed. Considering the homogeneity of the relative soil properties, the terrain morfometric characteristics (slope, profile curvature, and plan curvature) were applied as the main criteria. The final map reflects specifically the general zones of potential Colluvisol formation, such as lateral valleys and slope bases - floodplain interfaces. In the locality under study (size 3 ha), the microrelief evaluation of the colluvial process was proceeded particularly in a colluvial-alluvial zone. The results showed a significant difference between the soil properties of adjacent Colluvisol and Fluvisol resulting mainly from the distinct character of sedimentation. Keywords: soil erosion, terrain modelling, soil cover structure, soil mapping Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 215-222 Volume: 3 Issue: 4 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/2091-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2091-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-200804-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:3:y:2008:i:4:id:2091-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hana Pokladníková Author-Workplace-Name: Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jaroslav Rožnovský Author-Workplace-Name: Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Tomáš Středa Author-Workplace-Name: Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Evaluation of soil temperatures at agroclimatological station Pohořelice Abstract: Soil temperatures were analysed for the climatological station Pohořelice during the period of 1961-2000. According to the agroclimatic zoning, this region is a part of warm macroarea, mainly warm area, mainly dry subarea, and a district of mainly cold winter. The average annual air temperature is 9°C and the average year precipitation total is 475 mm. For the characterisation of the soil temperature were used the average monthly soil temperature determined from daily averages, maximal monthly soil temperature determined on the basis of daily maximums, and minimal monthly value determined on the basis of daily minimums. In the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, the soil temperature was measured in the observation terms at 7:00, 14:00 and 21:00 local mean time. These temperature characteristics were assessed for the depths of 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 cm. The longterm average annual temperature for the depths measured varies from 10.0°C (at 20 cm) to 10.4°C (at 100 cm). From the longterm viewpoint, the warmest month for the depths of 5, 10, and 20 cm is July, the coldest one is January, and for the depths of 50 and 100 cm the warmest month is August and the coldest one is February. For the classification of single months, the average monthly soil temperature for the respective month was compared with the longterm average soil temperature of 1961-2000. According to the average monthly soil temperature and its standard deviation, the months of the evaluated period were divided into seven categories: thermally normal months, warm months, very warm months, extraordinary warm months, cold months, very cold months, and extraordinary cold months. Keywords: soil temperature, agroclimatology, soil characteristics Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 223-230 Volume: 3 Issue: 4 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/2092-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2092-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-200804-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:3:y:2008:i:4:id:2092-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Edgar Hiller Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Geochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia Author-Name: Ľubomír Jurkovič Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Geochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia Author-Name: Mikuláš Bartaľ Author-Workplace-Name: National Water Reference Laboratory for Slovakia, Water Research Institute Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia Title: Effect of temperature on the distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil and sediment Abstract: The knowledge of sorption-desorption processes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in natural solids is essential to predict the fate, transport, and environmental risks of these pollutants. In this study, the effect was investigated of temperature on the sorption-desorption of three PAHs (naphthalene, phenanthrene, and pyrene) in two natural solids with different organic carbon contents. In all cases, the sorption isotherms obtained could be well described by the linear sorption model. The analysis based on the measured isotherms and the corresponding equilibrium partition coefficients (Kp) revealed that (1) the sorption of PAHs increased with organic carbon content of the solid and PAH hydrophobicity in the order: sediment < soil and naphthalene < phenanthrene < pyrene, respectively, and (2) the extent of PAH sorption decreased with increasing temperature from 4°C to 27°C on average by 27.3, 17.0, and 27.4% for naphthalene, phenanthrene, and pyrene, respectively. The enthalpies of sorption (δHs) calculated by van't Hoff equation were negative, relatively small, and in the range of weak forces such as van der Waals forces (0-9 kJ/mol), consistent with hydrophobic interactions and partitioning of the PAHs into soil/sediment organic matter. The desorption of naphthalene and phenanthrene showed significant hysteresis, i.e. great fraction of PAHs was resistant to desorption and somewhat increased with temperature. Keywords: sorption, desorption, thermodynamic parameters, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 231-240 Volume: 3 Issue: 4 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/28/2008-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/28/2008-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-200804-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:3:y:2008:i:4:id:28-2008-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: editors Title: Index volume 3 Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: X1 Volume: 3 Issue: 4 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/2093-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2093-SWR.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:3:y:2008:i:4:id:2093-SWR