Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pavel Kovář Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Land Use and Improvement, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Václav Kadlec Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Soil Conservation and Reclamation, Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Use of the KINFIL rainfall-runoff model on the Hukava catchment Abstract: The paper reports on the flood events on the forested Hukava catchment. It describes practical implementation of the KINFIL rainfall-runoff model. This model has been used for the reconstruction of the rainfall-runoff events and thus for the calibration of its parameters. The model was subsequently used to simulate the design discharges with an event duration of td = 30, 60, and 300 min in the period of recurrence of 100 years, and during the scenario simulations of the land use change when 40% and 80% of the forest in the catchment had been cleared out and then replaced by permanent grasslands. The implementation of the KINFIL model supported by GIS proved to be a proper method for the flood runoff assessment on small catchments, during which different scenarios of the land use changes were tested. Keywords: rainfall-runoff model, GIS, design discharges, land use changes Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 1-9 Volume: 4 Issue: 1 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/22/2008-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/22/2008-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-200901-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:4:y:2009:i:1:id:22-2008-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jarmila Makovníková Author-Workplace-Name: Soil Science and Conservation Research Institute, Banská Bystrica, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Gabriela Barančíková Author-Workplace-Name: Soil Science and Conservation Research Institute, Prešov, Slovak Republic Title: Assessment of transport risk of cadmium and lead on the basis of immobilisation capability of soil Abstract: The objective of this paper is the ambition to elaborate a system of evaluating the potential transport risk of inorganic risk elements, cadmium and lead, and of creating maps of the soil potential for the immobilisation of these risk elements. The categorisation of the potential immobilisation of cadmium and lead was realised on the basis of two layers, the layer of metal concentration (Cd or Pb) and the layer of potential soil sorption. The level of metal concentration was evaluated according to the Slovak Soil Law. The potential soil sorption (PSS) of cadmium and lead is defined by qualitative parameters (soil reaction - pH value, optical parameter of humus quality - Q46) and quantitative factors (Corg, H - depth of humus horizon) and was evaluated according to the Eq.: [PSS] = F(pH) + F(Q46) + F(Corg) × F(H). On the basis of this rating, maps of categorisation of cadmium and lead potential immobilisation were created. These maps of the soil immobilisation potential show the distribution into five categories of Cd and Pb potential immobilisation. Keywords: inorganic contaminants, cadmium, lead, contamination, immobilisation, soil properties Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 10-16 Volume: 4 Issue: 1 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/31/2008-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/31/2008-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-200901-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:4:y:2009:i:1:id:31-2008-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mrinmoy Majumder Author-Workplace-Name: School of Water Resources Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India Author-Name: Rabindra Nath Barman Author-Workplace-Name: School of Water Resources Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India Author-Name: Pankaj Kr. Roy Author-Workplace-Name: School of Water Resources Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India Author-Name: Bipal Kr. Jana Author-Workplace-Name: School of Water Resources Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India Author-Name: Asis Mazumdar Author-Workplace-Name: School of Water Resources Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India Title: Application of neuro-genetic algorithm to determine reservoir response in different hydrologic adversaries Abstract: The hydrologic adversaries like high magnitude storms, extreme dryness, aridity, more than normal demand for water etc. often cause a huge stress on the storage structures such as reservoirs and check dams. This stress implies a lot of adverse effects on the adjacent population. One of the major causes of floods and droughts were due to the mis-management of stored water during hydrologic adversaries. The present study tries to estimate the distribution of the surplus water in the case of hydrologic adversaries. In this regard, two years of daily discharge data of one of the reservoirs, Panchet, of the river Damodar was randomly selected and grouped into six categories based on their magnitude. Three neural models were built. One out of the three was selected due to better performance validating criteria. The behaviour of the inputs in the case of hydrologic abnormality was configured with respect to the available historical records and applied to the selected model. The output would give the magnitude of surplus in the case of the pre-configured hydrologic adversaries. According to the results, the Panchet reservoir could not mitigate the stress created due to the applied hydrologic adversaries. The study was conducted with a single reservoir and one major hydrologic pattern of the decade. A more detailed study with the help of this approach could further improve the model estimation. Keywords: neuro-genetic models, reservoir response, hydrologic uncertainities, multireservoir river basin Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 17-27 Volume: 4 Issue: 1 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/32/2008-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/32/2008-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-200901-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:4:y:2009:i:1:id:32-2008-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jakub Štibinger Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Land Use and Improvement, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Approximation of subsurface drainage discharge by De Zeeuw-Hellinga theory and its verification in heavy soils of fluvial landscape of the Cerhovice brook Abstract: The subsurface drainage discharge is one of the most important indicators of the impact of the drainage systems on the water management. The procedure adopted in this study is based on the application of the De Zeeuw-Hellinga theory to derive the final expression for the estimation of the value of the subsurface drainage discharge. A simple analytical approximation of the Bussinesq's Equation was used to verify theoretically the validity of the De Zeeuw-Hellinga assumptions and to confirm the correctness of other corresponding processes. The formulas describing the subsurface drainage discharge were derived in the conditions of the unsteady state subsurface flow to drains. These conditions included the approximately horizontal impervious layer and the Dupuit's assumptions and Darcy's law. No recharge to the groundwater table was realised during the drainage testing. The applicability of the De Zeeuw-Hellinga formula and the accuracy of the analytical approximation of the subsurface drainage discharge by the Bussinesq's Equation were verified by the real field measurements on the heavy soils of the experimental watershed area of the Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation (RISWC) Prague-Zbraslav, Czech Republic. The same data were successfully used also for the confirmation of the accuracy of the method for the derivation of a simple analytical approximation of the subsurface total drainage quantity. It was demonstrated that this approximation of the subsurface drainage discharge by De Zeeuw-Hellinga theory could satisfactorily serve in the area of water engineering practice as an elementary tool for the immediate estimation of the values of the subsurface drainage discharges from the pipe drainage systems in the saturated porous environment. The advantage of this approximation is particularly the minimum amount of the input data, e.g. the basic soil hydrology data and drainage system basic design parameters. The sphere of the use of the De Zeeuw-Hellinga equations is certainly very wide. The verifications of the field test results and measurements demonstrated that the possibilities of applications and their perceived benefits to the user can be fulfilled. Keywords: subsurface pipe drainage system, subsurface drainage discharge, De Zeeuw-Hellinga theory, Bussinesq's Equation, unsteady drainage flow conditions Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 28-38 Volume: 4 Issue: 1 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/37/2008-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/37/2008-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-200901-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:4:y:2009:i:1:id:37-2008-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jana Uhlířová Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Department of Land Use Planning Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Markéta Kaplická Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Praha, Czech Republic Author-Name: Tomáš Kvítek Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Praha, Czech Republic Title: Water erosion and characteristics of sediment load in the Kopaninský stream basin Abstract: In May 2005, a major part of the Czech Republic was hit by an extreme rainstorm resulting in both soil erosion and flood events. We surveyed the erosion rills and soil material deposits produced by this rainstorm in the most damaged field of the experimental catchment Kopaninsky stream in the Bohemo-Moravian Highland. We measured the volume of the deposited sediment, its texture, bulk density, and other properties. The sediment consisted of two layers with a fuzzy boundary between them. The lower layer contained more fine particles, while the upper layer was mainly formed by a coarser material. The sediment generally contained lower amounts of Cox and available nutrients than the original soil from which it was eroded. The results of the measurements were put into a broader context by using an event-based erosion prediction model ERCN, based on the curve-number method and on the Universal Soil Loss Equation. It was demonstrated that a 75 m wide riparian grassland strip in the study area was able to detain about 70% of the soil material eroded from the uphill ploughed land during the extreme rainfall-runoff event of 23rd May 2005. It was confirmed that grassland and other vegetation strips along water courses are highly efficient in reducing the surface water pollution during extreme erosion events. Keywords: water erosion, sediment, texture, available nutrients Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 39-46 Volume: 4 Issue: 1 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/30/2008-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/30/2008-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-200901-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:4:y:2009:i:1:id:30-2008-SWR