Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Josef Zavadil
Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague-Zbraslav, Czech Republic
Title: The effect of municipal wastewater irrigation on the yield and quality of vegetables and crops
Abstract: The effect of municipal wastewater irrigation on the yield and quality of vegetables and crops was studied by means of pot and lysimetric experiments. The pots were seeded with lettuce salad, radishes, and carrots in all experimental years; the lysimeters were planted with early potatoes in 2005 and 2007, and with sugar beet in 2006. Secondary-treated wastewater (in 2005) or only primary-treated wastewater (in 2006 and 2007) were used in the experiments. The control treatment involved the irrigation with water from a local well (in 2005) or public water supply (in 2006 and 2007). Contrarily to the secondary-treated wastewater, the primary-treated wastewater increased the yield of all vegetables and crops, the increase having been statistically significant in most cases. The irrigation with secondary-treated wastewater increased only the sodium content in radishes and carrots. However, the irrigation with primary-treated wastewater led to a statistically significant increase in the sodium content in the consumable parts of all vegetables, sugar beet bulbs, and potato tubers in both years, and in 2007, in the nitrate contents in lettuce salad and radishes as well. A high bacterial contamination of vegetables and crops irrigated with this wastewater was found out, but there was no evidence for the contamination with pathogens. Also, no risk was shown of contamination of the crops with intestinal nematodes.
Keywords: primary-treated municipal wastewater, secondary-treated municipal wastewater, pot experiments, lysimetric experiments, lettuce salad, radishes, carrots, potatoes, sugar beet, nutrients, hazardous elements, microbial contamination
Journal: Soil and Water Research
Pages: 91-103
Volume: 4
Issue: 3
Year: 2009
DOI: 10.17221/40/2008-SWR
File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/40/2008-SWR.html
File-Format: text/html
X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-200903-0001.txt
Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:4:y:2009:i:3:id:40-2008-SWR

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Renata DUFFKOVÁ
Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague-Zbraslav, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Tomáš KVÍTEK
Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague-Zbraslav, Czech Republic
Title: Effect of cutting regime on soil physical properties of wet thistle meadows
Abstract: Changes of selected soil physical properties (porosity P, soil organic matter SOM, bulk density ρd, particle density ρz, characteristics of water retention capacity - maximum capillary water capacity θCMC, and non-capillary porosity Pn) of permanent grassland (wet, non-fertilized, thistle meadows ass. Angelico-Cirsietum palustris, crystalline complex area, Czech Republic) in the top soil layer (3-10 cm) managed under three regimes (uncut UC; cut once a year C1; cut twice a year C2) were monitored for one undrained and two drained sites. There were no significant differences in selected soil physical properties among the test plots at the beginning of the study. As the intensity of utilisation decreased, the values of P, SOM, and Pn increased and ρd, ρz and θCMC decreased. Within 5-10 years of the beginning of the study, average values were: P at UC = 70, C1 = 69, C2 = 67%; SOM at UC = 10.7, C1 = 10.6, C2 = 10.0%; ρd at UC = 0.76, C1 = 0.79, C2 = 0.84 g/cm3; ρx at UC = 2.53, C1 = 2.55, C2 = 2.56 g/cm3; θCMC at UC = 50, C1 = 53, C2 = 51%; Pnat UC = 21, C1 and C2 = 16%. Moderate negative dependence of both ρx and ρd on SOM and of ρd on Pn and a moderate positive dependence of P on SOM was observed. θCMC changes did not show links to other soil physical properties. The greatest looseness of the top soil layer, expressed by a decrease in ρd, occurred with the UC regime in direct correlation with SOM, Pn and P.
Keywords: soil physical properties, wet grassland, management, regression, ANOVA
Journal: Soil and Water Research
Pages: 104-115
Volume: 4
Issue: 3
Year: 2009
DOI: 10.17221/43/2008-SWR
File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/43/2008-SWR.html
File-Format: text/html
X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-200903-0002.txt
Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:4:y:2009:i:3:id:43-2008-SWR

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lenka Kouřimská
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Quality of Agricultural Products, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Luboš Babička
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Quality of Agricultural Products, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Kristýna Václavíková
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Quality of Agricultural Products, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Daniela Miholová
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Zuzana Pacáková
Author-Name: Martin Koudela
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Statistics, Faculty of Economics and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Title: The effect of fertilisation with fermented pig slurry on the quantitative and qualitative parameters of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum)
Abstract: The effect of fertilisation with fermented pig slurry on the quantitative and qualitative parameters of two kinds of tomatoes was assessed by means of pot trials. These trials were carried out between the years 2005 and 2008. Each trial involved four treatments, namely (a) control without fertilisation, (b) fertilisation with mineral fertilisers, (c) 50% nutrients in mineral fertilisers and 50% in fermented pig slurry, and (d) fertilisation with fermented pig slurry only. Besides the yield parameters, the following characteristics were monitored: dry matter content, vitamin C content, titratable acidity, nitrogen compounds, nitrates and selected elements (Pb, Cd, As, Zn and Hg) contents. The fertilisation method showed no statistically significant influence on many parameters (titratable acidity, Hg, As, dry matter, vitamin C and nitrates contents). These results showed that anaerobically fermented pig slurry can be a suitable alternative to the use of mineral fertiliser. They also showed that its use as an organic fertiliser did not impair the hygienic quality and safety of the vegetable products grown, as all tomato samples fulfilled the tested heavy metals and nitrates legislation limits. The fertilisation method showed a statistically significant influence on the yield. Diffe-rences occurred between the organic and mineral methods in the case of Cd, and between non-fertilised and organic methods in the case of Zn. The fertilisation method also significantly influenced N-compounds content in tomatoes. A statistically significant influence of the year was found with all parameters except zinc and vitamin C contents. The influence of cultivar was also found, but only in the case of zinc and dry matter contents.
Keywords: tomato, anaerobically fermented pig slurry, fertilisation method, quantitative and qualitative parameters
Journal: Soil and Water Research
Pages: 116-121
Volume: 4
Issue: 3
Year: 2009
DOI: 10.17221/2354-SWR
File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2354-SWR.html
File-Format: text/html
X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-200903-0003.txt
Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:4:y:2009:i:3:id:2354-SWR

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Valerie VRANOVÁ
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Geology and Soil Science, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Pavel FORMÁNEK
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Geology and Soil Science, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Klement REJŠEK
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Geology and Soil Science, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Marián PAVELKA
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Systems Biology and Ecology, Laboratory of Plants Ecological Physiology, Brno, Czech Republic
Title: Impact of land-use change on proteolytic activity of mountain meadows
Abstract: Casein-protease activity assessed at 50°C and with adjustment of optimum pH conditions (PA), and casein-protease activity near soil pH and at field soil temperature (LPA) were studied one vegetation period in mountain meadow soils covered with moderately mown vegetation, and over which vegetation had been abandoned for thirteen years. PA peaked in the first part of the vegetation season whereas LPA increased throughout the season; in addition, LPA was not linearly related to temperature (r = 0.127 resp. 0.312; P > 0.05). The combined effect of field soil temperature and pH decreased a casein-protease activity by > 98.4%. A management of meadows had no significant (P > 0.05) effect on PA and LPA.
Keywords: mountain meadows, management, casein-protease, soil, temperature
Journal: Soil and Water Research
Pages: 122-125
Volume: 4
Issue: 3
Year: 2009
DOI: 10.17221/16/2009-SWR
File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/16/2009-SWR.html
File-Format: text/html
X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-200903-0004.txt
Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:4:y:2009:i:3:id:16-2009-SWR

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Olga MIKANOVÁ
Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Sergej USŤAK
Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Alena CZAKÓ
Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic
Title: Utilization of microbial inoculation and compost for revitalization of soils
Abstract: Improving the quality of reclaimed soils requires an active population of microorganisms which can promote plant growth. Increasing the activity of microorganisms can be done by adding nutrients, making agrotechnical soil improvements and by the inoculation of beneficial microorganisms. We investigated the role of fertilizer treatments on plant growth and nitrogen fixation in a pot experiment conducted under green house conditions. Influence of the fertilizer type on numbers of bacteria was also investigated. The seeds were inoculated with the mixture of Azotobacter spp. and Rhizobium spp. The pot experiment was set up with the substrate from the mine spoil (North Bohemia coal basin, the Czech Republic) using Medicago sativa as test plants. The following treatments were used: compost 0, 20, 40, 120, 400, 800 t/ha and mineral fertilizer - ammonium sulphate. The doses of ammonium sulphate were calculated to be equivalent (in nitrogen content) to those doses of compost. Control variants without bacteria inoculation and fertilizers were also included. Inoculation with the mixture of AzotobacterRhizobium spp. significantly increased plant growth and nitrogenase activity. The nitrogenase activity was inhibited by mineral fertilizers in all doses used. The results of the study have proved that compost application stimulated the growth of Azotobacter spp. and Rhizobium spp.
Keywords: soil revitalization, Rhizobium spp., Azotobacter spp., compost
Journal: Soil and Water Research
Pages: 126-130
Volume: 4
Issue: 3
Year: 2009
DOI: 10.17221/9/2009-SWR
File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/9/2009-SWR.html
File-Format: text/html
X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-200903-0005.txt
Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:4:y:2009:i:3:id:9-2009-SWR