Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Milan Palát Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Alois Prax Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Milan Palát Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jaroslav Rožnovský Author-Workplace-Name: Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Causes and Consequences of a Flood Wave on the Lower Reach of the Dyje River Near Břeclav Abstract: The settlements situated on broad flat floodplains of rivers are threatened by floods during increased water flows in the rivers. The floodplain of the Dyje river situated in the area between the Nové Mlýny water reservoir and Břeclav has been protected from former annual floods since the 70s of the last century due to the water-management measures. The realised measures including the construction of the new floodway protect the town of Břeclav as well. A long-term research into the soil water regime of the floodplain forest is underway in the region. The results obtained document its historical evolution and current status. Only in the early April of 2006 (i.e. after 34 years), an unexpected "flash flood" occurred again due to a specific climatic situation. The combination of the high snow cover in higher parts of the basin and a rapid warming up caused an intensive runoff. The so-called dry polder (floodplain forests, meadows and fields) above Břeclav protected the town and its infrastructure from potential catastrophic consequences. Keywords: basin, climatic characteristics, dry polder, floodplain forest, floods, sewerage, soil water regime Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 121-127 Volume: 5 Issue: 4 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/32/2010-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/32/2010-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201004-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:5:y:2010:i:4:id:32-2010-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pavel Kovář Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Land Use and Improvement, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Darina Vaššová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Land Use and Improvement, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Impact of Arable Land to Grassland Conversion on the Vegetation-period Water Balance of a Small Agricultural Catchment (Němčický Stream) Abstract: This paper presents results of decadal (10-day) water balance simulations for the vegetation periods (April to October) of 2001 (normal year), 2002 (wet year) and 2003 (dry year) in the Němčický Stream experimental catchment (3.52 km2). The catchment is a typical agricultural area with a large extent of arable land. This paper shows that the model used (WBCM) is capable of reliably simulating decadal water balance components for the actual land use. The same model is then used to estimate water balance changes brought about when 10% of arable land has been transformed into permanent grassland. It is shown that this land use change results in a pronounced reduction of surface runoff and an increase in subsurface storage over the vegetation periods of all three years. The vegetation period groundwater runoff was only enhanced in the wet year, while the total runoff was reduced in all three years. Keywords: hydrological extremes, hydrological modelling, land use change, water balance Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 128-138 Volume: 5 Issue: 4 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/7/2010-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7/2010-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201004-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:5:y:2010:i:4:id:7-2010-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eisa Maroufpoor Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Water Engineering, College of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran Author-Name: Arsalan Faryabi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Water Engineering, College of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran Author-Name: Houshang Ghamarnia Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Irrigation and Water Resources Engineering, College of Agriculture, University of Razi, Kermanshah, Iran Author-Name: Goran Yamin Moshrefi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Water Engineering, College of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran Title: Evaluation of uniformity coefficients for sprinkler irrigation systems under different field conditions in Kurdistan Province (Northwest of Iran) Abstract: In the past few decades, several coefficients of uniformity were developed to express the uniformity of water distribution for different sprinkler irrigation systems. Christiansen's uniformity coefficient seems to be the most popular uniformity coefficient used by researchers on the global scale. However, more coefficients have also been proposed by other researchers. Therefore, this study focused on evaluating different uniformity coefficients proposed and on investigating the effects of field conditions on the results obtained by means of those coefficients. In doing so, sprinkler uniformity tests were conducted by using rain-gauge in order to measure the uniformity coefficients of ten fields irrigated by solid set sprinkler irrigation systems in Dehgolan Plain located in the Kurdistan Province, northwest of Iran. All fields selected differed in prevailing conditions such as the wind speed, size and type of nozzle, raiser height, operating pressure and sprinklers spacing. The coefficient of uniformity for each field was computed using the equations proposed by Christiansen (1942), Hawaiian Cane Society Specialists Hart and Reynolds (1965), Wilcox and Swailes (1947), Karmeli (1978), Criddle et al. (1956), Benami and Hore (1964), and Beale (1966). Data analysis was performed using the general linear model procedure of Statistical Analysis System Software. The results indicated that should not the field effect be considered in the statistical model, significant differences (P < 0.05) would be observed between the aforesaid coefficients; however, by considering the field effect in the statistical model, no significant differences (P > 0.05) would be observed. The results of this study conclusively indicated that the application of various coefficients of uniformity depends on the field conditions and as any specific coefficient of uniformity is suitable only for specific field conditions. Keywords: coefficient of uniformity, Christiansen equation, Iran, solid set, sprinkler irrigation Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 139-145 Volume: 5 Issue: 4 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/42/2009-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/42/2009-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201004-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:5:y:2010:i:4:id:42-2009-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Olga Svobodová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Applied Plant Biotechnologies, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jana Jančíková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Applied Plant Biotechnologies, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jan Horáček Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Applied Plant Biotechnologies, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: Peter Liebhard Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria Author-Name: Věra Čechová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Applied Plant Biotechnologies, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Title: Changes of soil organic matter under minimum tillage in different soil-climatic conditions Abstract: Quantitative and qualitative soil organic matter properties were observed in a specific large area experiment (Chernozem - Gross Enzersdorf, Austria) and in a medium-term field experiment (Cambisol - Studena, Czech Republic). Two technologies - minimum tillage (MT) and conventional tillage (CT) - were compared by means of the determination of quantitative and qualitative soil organic matter parameters of the soil samples in the years 2004-2005. Cambisol showed higher values of quantitative soil organic matter parameters in MT compared to those in CT over the whole soil profile. For Cambisol, the qualitative parameters were almost comparable for both technologies. Chernozem showed more favourable values of the quantitative parameters in the surface layer in MT, however, the values had rather a contrary trend in deeper soil layers. CT showed slightly more favourable values of the qualitative soil organic matter parameters in Chernozem. It can be said that Chernozem organic matter reaction to tillage technology changes is slower and of minor rate in comparison with that of Cambisol organic matter. The results of quantitative and qualitative parameters do not conform with the generally recognised values for the Chernozem soil type. Keywords: Cambisol, Chernozem, humus content and quality, humus fractionation, minimum tillage Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 146-152 Volume: 5 Issue: 4 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/1/2010-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1/2010-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201004-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:5:y:2010:i:4:id:1-2010-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martin Kočárek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Radka Kodešová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Josef Kozák Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Ondřej Drábek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Field study of chlorotoluron transport and its prediction by the BPS mathematical model Abstract: The chlorotoluron transport in the soil profiles was studied under field conditions on three different soil types of the Czech Republic. The herbicide was applied on 21. 4. 2005 on a four-square meter plot using an application rate of 2 kg/ha. Soil samples were taken on days 35 and 150 from the herbicide application to study the remaining chlorotoluron distributions in the soil profiles. The chlorotoluron distributions in the monitored soils were very similar 35 days after the herbicide application. The major part of chlorotoluron was detected in the top layer of the soil profile (0-8 cm). The highest concentration was obtained in the top 2 cm layer and it decreased gradually with the depth. The percentages of the remaining chlorotoluron 35 days after the herbicide application were similar in Haplic Luvisol (29.97%) and Greyic Phaeozem (30.78%), and slightly higher in Haplic Cambisol (38.58%). The chlorotoluron distributions in the monitored soils differed considerably 150 days after the herbicide application. Chlorotoluron was detected in the entire monitored soils profiles (0-50 cm). The highest concentration was found in all cases in the top 2 cm layer and it decreased gradually with the depth to the depth of approximately 10 cm. Below this level, the herbicide contents were low and the values oscillated randomly. The percentages of the remaining chlorotoluron 150 days after the herbicide application were in the increasing order: Greyic Phaeozem < (5.45%) < Haplic Luvisol (11.7%) < Haplic Cambisol (17.48%). The BPS mathematical model connected with the soil database was used to simulate the chlorotoluron distribution 35 and 150 days after the herbicide application. The comparison of the measured and simulated data indicated probably varying chlorotoluron half-life during the experiment. The results showed that, if the chlorotoluron half-life is estimated based on the remaining chlorotoluron content in the soil profile on the 150th day after the herbicide application, the simulated herbicide content on the 35th day is twice as high as the measured one. On the other hand, if the half-life degradation of chlorotoluron is estimated based on the remaining chlorotoluron content in the soil profile on the 35th day, the herbicide is almost totally degraded on the 150th day of the model simulation. Keywords: chlorotoluron, contaminant transport, field study, half-life degradation, herbicides, mathematical model BPS Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 153-160 Volume: 5 Issue: 4 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/42/2010-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/42/2010-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201004-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:5:y:2010:i:4:id:42-2010-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pavel Novák Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Tomáš Khel Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jan Vopravil Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jitka Lagová Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Do Andosols occur in the Czech Republic? Abstract: The aim of this contribution was either to confirm or refuse the supposition that there are soils on the volcanic effusive rocks in the Bruntál district which can be assigned to the referential group of Andosols. The conditions for the genesis of Andosols are described and the diagnostic criteria of the andic process are defined both according to the principles of the WBR/FAO 2006 classification and according to the Slovak MKSPS 2000 classification system. In the Czech classification system, the diagnostics of Andosols has not yet been described or defined because their occurrence on the territory of the Czech Republic has not been confirmed till now. On the Velký Roudný volcanic dome (780 m), samples from two profiles were taken and described: one from below the summit as a sample of forest soil, and the other from the terraced, grass-covered foot of the hill, formerly used as a ploughed land. The samples from the two profiles were processed, and analyses were carried out according to both the classification systems mentioned above. The results of the analyses were subsequently evaluated. It was discovered that both evaluated profiles conformed to most of the diagnostic characteristics of andic development according to both WRB 2006 and the Slovak 2000 classification systems. Both evaluated profiles could be then classified - according to WRB 2006 - as Vitric Andosol (Dystric) and Vitric - Umbric Andosol (Dystric, Colluvic), respectivelly; according to Slovak Classification System as Andic Cambisols. The occurrence of soils with andic development in the Czech Republic was thus confirmed. The conclusion drawn by some authors (eg. in US Taxonomy) that a higher content of volcanic glass and a substrate of andesite type are not an indispensable condition for the creation of soils classified as Andosols was also confirmed. Likewise, according to the WRB criteria, a melanic humus horizon is not a necessary condition. Because of the difficulties in distinguishing the types, the Czech classification system recommends that a humic andic horizon should be evaluated as molic. We assume that in some cases it could be better classified as umbric. A preliminary proposal has been put forward to insert the Andozem soil types in Taxonomic Soil Classification System of the Czech Republic: Haplic Andosol, Vitric Andosol, Lithic Andosol, Umbric Andosol, but the properties and criteria of those soils will have to be defined precisely. One problem which will also have to be resolved is how to allocate the profiles displaying andic properties either to the proposed subtype of Cambic Andosol or to the subtype of Andic Cambisol (outside the referential class of Andsols). This issue is, indeed, not dealt with satisfactorily either by the Slovak system or the worldwide WRB 2006 classification, either. Keywords: Andosols, diagnostic characteristics, genesis, occurrence in the Czech Republic, proposal for Czech classification Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 161-171 Volume: 5 Issue: 4 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/24/2010-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/24/2010-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201004-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:5:y:2010:i:4:id:24-2010-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jitka Sládková Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Conversion of some soil types, subtypes, and varieties between the Taxonomic Classification System of Soils of the Czech Republic and the World Reference Base for Soil Resources Abstract: The article illustrates the compatibility of the Czech Republic Taxonomic Soil Classification System validated in the CR with the international World Reference Base for Soil Resources. It utilises the archive data on the soil types, subtypes, and varieties from the General survey of agricultural soils in the Czech Republic and soil profiles from new soil survey on the pilot area of Litoměřice district. It indicates the possibilities of the future refinement of both systems. Keywords: refinement of soil classification systems, soil conversions, TKSP CR, WRB Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 172-185 Volume: 5 Issue: 4 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/10/2009-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10/2009-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201004-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:5:y:2010:i:4:id:10-2009-SWR