Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pavel SPITZ Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jiří FILIP Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Milada ŠŤASTNÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Point irrigation design for experimental field in northern part of Gobi desert in Mongolia Abstract: The present paper focuses on the point irrigation design for crops and growing vegetables on an experimental area 2432 m2 at Buchel locality, Northern part of Gobi desert in Mongolia. An underground water source (drill hole - well capacity 2 l/s with water temperature 10°C) and electricity were available in the locality of the selected area of 1 ha and 0.2% grade of slope (no map was available). The design of the surface and subsurface point irrigation for an area of 128 m2 is shown together with a brief description of the hydraulic materials used for the development of the original HYBOZAM program, which was programmed in Microsoft Excel editor, especially to design the pipe dimensions of the point irrigation. A combination of two plastic pipes (with diameters 35.4/40 mm and 28.2/32 mm and 20 m lengths each) was used to provide suitable irrigation uniformity from the orifices on the laterals. HYBOZAM program provides a visual evaluation of the discharge distribution uniformity from the orifices on the laterals by its graphical output. An example of Z1 lateral for surface point irrigation (variant 2) is presented. The final result of the design calculation is given in the table presenting the most important outputs, including statistic evaluation of the discharge distribution uniformity. A table is presented for surface point irrigation - variant 2. From the table is it clear that hydraulic requirements as well as discharge distribution uniformity from the orifices on the laterals have been fulfilled. Keywords: bilateral project, desert, discharge distribution uniformity, Excel, HYBOZAM, hydraulics, PC program, subsurface point irrigation, surface point irrigation, underground water Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 1-9 Volume: 6 Issue: 1 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/15/2009-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/15/2009-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201101-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:6:y:2011:i:1:id:15-2009-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Obafemi Odutola Odubanjo Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Author-Name: Ayorinde Akinlabi Olufayo Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Author-Name: Philip Gbenro Oguntunde Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Title: Water use, growth, and yield of drip irrigated cassava in a humid tropical environment Abstract: Field experiments were conducted at the Agricultural Engineering Experimental Farm of The Federal University of Technology, Akure, during 2006/2007 and 2007/2008 seasons to investigate the response of cassava under drip irrigation. The experiment was laid out in a randomised complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The treatments were based on four different water regimes; with T100 receiving 100% available water (AW), T50 and T25 receiving 50% and 25% of AW and T0 with zero irrigation (control treatment). Disease free stems of the cassava cultivar TMS 91934 were planted at a spacing of 1 m by 1 m. The results indicated that T100 full treatment produced the highest average total dry matter yield of 49.12 and 37.62 t/ha in 2006/07 and 2007/08 cropping seasons, respectively. However, the average total dry matter production in T50, T25, and T0 showed significant differences in their values. Low total dry matter yields of 7.12 and 5.92 t/ha, respectively, were associated with T0 for the two cropping seasons. The total water use of 1491.75 and 1701.13 mm was recorded for T100, while total water use of 729.00 and 651.13 mm were obtained for T0 in the two cropping seasons. The water use efficiency determined for the two cropping seasons ranged between 7.38 kg/ha and 32.93 kg/ha. The percentages of total water applied from total water use for T100 were 51.11% and 61.72%, while 14.83% and 17.85% were recorded for T25 for 2006/07 and 2007/08 cropping seasons, respectively. Keywords: cassava, drip irrigation, irrigation regimes, soil-water regimes, supplemental irrigation, water use, water use efficiency, yields Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 10-20 Volume: 6 Issue: 1 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/45/2009-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/45/2009-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201101-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:6:y:2011:i:1:id:45-2009-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hussein Khaled Author-Workplace-Name: Soils and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt Author-Name: Hassan A. Fawy Author-Workplace-Name: Soil Fertility and Microbiology Department, Desert Research Center (DRC), Cairo, Egypt Title: Effect of different levels of humic acids on the nutrient content, plant growth, and soil properties under conditions of salinity Abstract: In this study, the effects were investigated of salinity, foliar and soil applications of humic substances on the growth and mineral nutrients uptake of Corn (Hagein, Fardy10), and the comparison was carried out of the soil and foliar applications of humic acid treatments at different NaCl levels. Soil organic contents are one of the most important parts that they directly affect the soil fertility and textures with their complex and heterogenous structures although they occupy a minor percentage of the soil weight. Humic acids are an important soil component that can improve nutrient availability and impact on other important chemical, biological, and physical properties of soils. The effects of foliar and soil applications of humic substances on the plant growth and some nutrient elements uptake of Corn (Hagein, Fardy10) grown at various salt concentrations were examined. Sodium chloride was added to the soil to obtain 20 and 60mM saline conditions. Solid humus was applied to the soil one month before planting and liquid humic acids were sprayed on the leaves twice on 20th and 40th day after seedling emergence. The application doses of solid humus were 0, 2 and 4 g/kg and those of liquid humic acids were 0, 0.1 and 0.2%. Salinity negatively affected the growth of corn; it also decreased the dry weight and the uptake of nutrient elements except for Na and Mn. Soil application of humus increased the N uptake of corn while foliar application of humic acids increased the uptake of P, K, Mg,Na,Cu and Zn. Although the effect of interaction between salt and soil humus application was found statistically significant, the interaction effect between salt and foliar humic acids treatment was not found significant. Under salt stress, the first doses of both soil and foliar application of humic substances increased the uptake of nutrients. Keywords: humic acids, nutrient content, plant growth, salinity, soil properties Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 21-29 Volume: 6 Issue: 1 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/4/2010-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4/2010-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201101-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:6:y:2011:i:1:id:4-2010-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Juraj Balkovič Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Soil Science and Conservation Research Institute, Bratislava, Slovak republic Author-Name: Erwin Schmid Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Sustainable Economic Development, University of Bodenkultur Wien, Vienna, Austria Author-Name: Rastislav Skalský Author-Workplace-Name: Soil Science and Conservation Research Institute, Bratislava, Slovak republic Author-Name: Martina Nováková Author-Workplace-Name: Soil Science and Conservation Research Institute, Bratislava, Slovak republic Title: Modelling soil organic carbon changes on arable land under climate change - a case study analysis of the Kočín farm in Slovakia Abstract: We have estimated soil organic carbon and crop yield changes under distinct climate change scenarios for the Kočín farm in Slovakia. Two regional climate change scenarios, i.e. the A2 and B2 SRES emission scenarios, and a reference climate scenario have been included into the bio-physical process model EPIC to simulate the effects on the topsoil organic carbon stocks and crop yields for the period of 2010-2050. In addition, we have used the data from several fields of the Kočín farm including the soil data, crop rotational and management data as well as topographical data. The topsoil organic carbon stocks show a decreasing trend for the period of 2010-2050. Among all crop rotation systems and soil profiles, the losses over the period are 9.0%, 9.5%, and 10.7% for the reference, A2, and B2 climate scenarios, respectively. Increasing temperatures accelerate the decomposition of the soil organic carbon particularly when soils are intensively managed. The soil organic carbon changes are crop-rotation specific, which is partly due to the climate scenarios that affect the crop biomass production differently. This is shown by comparison of the crop yields. We conclude that EPIC is capable to reliably simulate effects of climate change on soil organic carbon and crop yields. Keywords: arable land, climate change, Kočín farm, Slovakia, soil organic carbon Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 30-42 Volume: 6 Issue: 1 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/29/2010-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/29/2010-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201101-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:6:y:2011:i:1:id:29-2010-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ladislav Holko Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Hydrology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Slovakia Author-Name: Zdeněk Kostka Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Hydrology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Slovakia Author-Name: Martin Šanda Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Assessment of frequency and areal extent of overland flow generation in a forested mountain catchment Abstract: Short time rainfall and throughfall measurements in the period May-October 2009, and the calculated saturated hydraulic conductivities of soils and isotopic hydrograph separations in August 2009 were used to estimate the frequency of the infiltration excess overland flow generation and the extent of saturated areas producing the saturation excess overland flow in the forested mountain catchment of the Jalovecký Creek, Western Tatra Mountains, northern Slovakia. The rainfall intensities exceeding 0.2 mm per 10 min occurred only in 2-4% of all data measured. Saturated hydraulic conductivities (KS) of soils were calculated by means of four methods based on the relationship between KS and soil texture. The comparison of KS with the measured rainfall intensities indicated that the infiltration excess overland flow could have been generated for 0-10% of the rainfall intensities measured. Isotopic hydrograph separation by means of the deuterium isotope indicated that the areas, where the saturated excess overland flow could have occurred, represented about 2-13% of the catchment during the analysed events. Despite the uncertainties connected with the assessments, the results are consistent with empirical knowledge of the catchment and limited older data. Keywords: isotopic hydrograph separation, mountain catchment, rainfall intensity, runoff generation, soil hydraulic conductivity Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 43-53 Volume: 6 Issue: 1 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/33/2010-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/33/2010-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201101-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:6:y:2011:i:1:id:33-2010-SWR