Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tereza ZÁDOROVÁ
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Ondřej JAKŠÍK
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Radka KODEŠOVÁ
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Vít PENÍŽEK
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Title: Influence of terrain attributes and soil properties on soil aggregate stability
Abstract: The study on the relationship between the soil aggregates stability assessed using water stable aggregate (WSA) index and the selected terrain and soil properties was performed on a morphologically diverse study site in Chernozem soil region of Southern Moravia. Soil analyses and detailed digital elevation model processing were the main methods adopted in the study. The soil structure stability is negatively influenced by the soil material removal from the steep parts of the back-slope and re-deposition of the mineral loess material at the base of the slope. The highest aggregates stability was identified in the upper flat parts of the study plot, undisturbed by erosion processes, and at the concave parts of the back-slope with intensive accumulation of organic matter. Statistical analysis showed a significant dependence of aggregates stability on organic carbon content and plan curvature index.
Keywords: loess, soil erosion, soil structure, topography, water stable aggregates
Journal: Soil and Water Research
Pages: 111-119
Volume: 6
Issue: 3
Year: 2011
DOI: 10.17221/15/2011-SWR
File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/15/2011-SWR.html
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:6:y:2011:i:3:id:15-2011-SWR

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jarmila ČECHMÁNKOVÁ
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Hygiene, Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Radim VÁCHA
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Hygiene, Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Jan SKÁLA
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Hygiene, Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Markéta HAVELKOVÁ
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Hygiene, Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic
Title: Heavy metals phytoextraction from heavily and moderately contaminated soil by field crops grown in monoculture and crop rotation
Abstract: The uptake of Pb, Cd, Zn and biomass production of the plants Brassica juncea v. Opaleska, Triticale hexaploides var. Gabo and Helianthus annuus v. Maritza were observed in a field (trial) and a pot experiments during four years. The plants were grown in monoculture variants and also in crop rotation. The field experiment (plots about 1 × 1 m) was set up in heavily contaminated Haplic Fluvisol in the Litavka River alluvium. Pb, Cd, and Zn phytoextraction from the identical Haplic Fluvisol and Haplic Cambisol less contaminated mainly by atmospheric deposition was observed in the pot experiment. The application of 0.2 g EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid)/kg and 1 g citric acid/kg into the soils of field (250 kg of soil/m2 plot) and pot (6 kg of soil/pot) experiments was realized. The comparison was accomplished between natural phytoextraction efficiency of B. juncea, H. annuus, and T. hexaploides. Crop rotation with and without chemical induction was tested. EDTA application had an immediate strong mobilization effect on the elements tested in both experiments and both soils. In the pot experiment, Pb, Cd, and Zn were more mobilized in Cambisol with initial lower mobile contents of elements in comparison with Fluvisol. The highest mobilization by EDTA was achieved for Pb. Strong Pb mobilization in Cambisol after EDTA addition resulted in a high Pb uptake and translocation from the roots of B. juncea into the shoots. EDTA application increased Pb phytoextraction by harvested B. juncea. Naturally grown H. annuus proved the high phytoextraction efficiency for Cd and Zn in the experiment. The assumed effect of the cultivation method, i.e. crop rotation vs. Monoculture, was not statistically proved in our experiments.
Keywords: Brassica juncea, Cd, heavy metals contamination, Helianthus annuus, mobilization, Pb, phytoextraction, Triticale hexaploides, Zn
Journal: Soil and Water Research
Pages: 120-130
Volume: 6
Issue: 3
Year: 2011
DOI: 10.17221/26/2010-SWR
File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/26/2010-SWR.html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:6:y:2011:i:3:id:26-2010-SWR

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Renata DUFFKOVÁ
Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague-Zbraslav, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Antonín ZAJÍČEK
Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague-Zbraslav, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Eva NOVÁKOVÁ
Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague-Zbraslav, Czech Republic
Title: Actual evapotranspiration from partially tile-drained fields as influenced by soil properties, terrain and crop
Abstract: Physical properties of soils have a significant influence on their water regime and should be considered when selecting suitable agricultural crops for particular sites, taking into account the crop productivity and its water requirements. Mean daily rates of actual evapotranspiration (ETa) were obtained by collation of measured or otherwise estimated 10-min values for the years 2004, 2006 and 2009 for a partially tile-drained agricultural experimental catchment in the Bohemo-Moravian Highland (Czech Republic). ETa was measured using the Bowen ratio (β) and energy balance (BREB) method at four weather stations located on different soil types (Stagnosols, Cambisols) and terrain relief positions (defined with respect to the groundwater recharge and discharge zones) over different crops (cereals, oil rape and permanent grassland). A systematic influence of soil properties on the evapotranspiration rate was more pronounced during the periods of limited transpiration (soil drought, crop maturity), when the average daily ETa was significantly lower and the corresponding β significantly higher over coarser-textured soils (shallow Haplic Cambisols), namely (year-ETa (mm/day)/β): 2004 - 1.75/1.66; 2006 - 2.44/0.93; 2009 - 2.60/0.81), than over finer-textured soils (Stagnic Cambisols and Haplic Stagnosols), namely: 2004 - 2.92/0.97; 2006 - 3.06/0.44; 2009 - 3.42/0.39). When the transpiration was not limited by soil water deficit, it acted as an equalizing factor smoothing down evapotranspiration from heterogeneous soil areas, whereby the effect of the soil physical properties was masked. With regard to soil water regime and evapotranspiration, the tile-drained Stagnic Cambisol lands behaved similarly as non-drained Haplic Cambisols. The effects of land use and of the terrain relief position could not be tracked independently, because the permanent grassland was situated in the wetter and texturally heavier parts of the catchment and the positions of the recharge/discharge zone coincided with the positions of texturally lighter/heavier soils, respectively.
Keywords: actual evapotranspiration, Bowen ratio, Cambisol, cereals, discharge zone, energy balance, grassland, oil rape, recharge zone, soil physical properties, Stagnosol, tile drainage, transient zone
Journal: Soil and Water Research
Pages: 131-146
Volume: 6
Issue: 3
Year: 2011
DOI: 10.17221/20/2010-SWR
File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/20/2010-SWR.html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:6:y:2011:i:3:id:20-2010-SWR

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Naděžda FASUROVÁ
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Physical and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Lubica POSPÍŠILOVÁ
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
Title: Spectroscopic characteristics of humates isolated from different soils
Abstract: Spectral characterisation of soil humic substances is one of the important methods for their quality identification. In this work, two optical methods (UV-VIS and SFS) were used. The absorbance in the spectral range of 300-700 nm was measured using spectrometer Varian Cary 50 Probe. Fluorescence (SFS) in the range of 255-655 nm was performed by spectrofluorimeter Aminco Bowman. Five Czech soil humates samples (Leptic Cambisol, Haplic Cambisol, Eutric Cambisol 1-arable soil, Eutric Cambisol 2-grassland, Haplic Chernozem) were compared. The basic soil properties were determined by the commonly used methods. Colour indexes (Q4/6) were calculated from the absorbance of humic substances in UV- VIS spectral range. Fluorescence indexes (F) were calculated from SFS spectra at Δλ = 55 nm (as a ratio RFI468/RFI522). Also, the classical method of humic substances fractionation to assess their quality was applied. The comparison is given of the calculated parameters from different spectral regions and humic substances fractionation. The results showed linear correlation between carbon content (C weigth %) and fluorescence indexes (R2 = 0.91), between total organic carbon content in soil and fluorescence indexes (R2 = 0.92), as well as between colour indexes (Q4/6) and humic substances content. The same main fluorophores at the wavelengths λex/λem= 467/522 nm were observed in all soil humates samples.
Keywords: SFS and UV-VIS spectroscopy, soil humic substances
Journal: Soil and Water Research
Pages: 147-152
Volume: 6
Issue: 3
Year: 2011
DOI: 10.17221/21/2010-SWR
File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/21/2010-SWR.html
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:6:y:2011:i:3:id:21-2010-SWR