Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: editors Title: Index of Volume 6 Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: I-II Volume: 6 Issue: 4 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/3848-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3848-SWR.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:6:y:2011:i:4:id:3848-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pavel KOVÁŘ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Land Use and Improvement, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Darina VAŠŠOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Land Use and Improvement, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Michaela HRABALÍKOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Land Use and Improvement, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Mitigation of surface runoff and erosion impacts on catchment by stone hedgerows Abstract: This paper presents the results of a study on the influence of hedgerows on the process of the surface runoff in the experimental catchment Verneřice 1, Ústí n. L. region, the Czech Republic. The influence of hedgerows on the surface runoff was simulated using the KINFIL rainfall-runoff model. The model parameters were assessed from the field measurements of the soil hydraulic parameters, in particular the saturated hydraulic conductivity and sorptivity. The catchment area is characterised by stone hedgerows constructed by land users throughout the past centuries, using stones collected from the adjacent agricultural fields. Presently, the hydraulic properties of these hedgerows reflect the characteristics of the mixture of stones, deposited soil, and vegetation litter, and they are more permeable than soil on the areas between them. Due to this fact, the permeability of the hedgerows produces a higher infiltration and a lower surface runoff. Therefore, the overland flow vulnerability and impact of water erosion decrease if they are situated in parallel to the contour lines system. The model was applied for two scenarios in the catchment - with and without hedgerows - to assess their effects on extreme rainfalls with a short duration. The surface runoff caused by extreme rainfall was simulated in order to show how hedgerows can mitigate the resultant flood and erosion. This paper provides relevant hydrological data and summarises the influence of man-made hedgerows on the overland flow control, i.e. on long and steep slopes surface runoff. Keywords: extreme rainfall, infiltration intensity, rainfall-runoff model, soil erosion, stone hedgerows, surface runoff Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 153-164 Volume: 6 Issue: 4 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/31/2011-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/31/2011-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201104-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:6:y:2011:i:4:id:31-2011-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lukáš BRODSKÝ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Aleš KLEMENT Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Vít PENÍŽEK Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Radka KODEŠOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Luboš BORŮVKA Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Building soil spectral library of the Czech soils for quantitative digital soil mapping Abstract: Spectral libraries are the data archives of spectral signatures measured on natural and/or man-made materials. Here, the objective is to build a soil spectral library of the Czech soils (SSL-CZ). Further on, the overall aim is to apply diffuse reflectance spectroscopy as a tool for digital soil mapping. An inevitable part of the library is a metadata database that stores the corresponding auxiliary information on the soils: type of material (soil, parent material), sample preparation, location of the sample with geographic coordinates, soil classification, morphological features, soil laboratory measurements - chemical, physical, and potential biological properties, geophysical features of and climatological information on the sample location. The metadata database consists of seven general tables (General, Spatial, Soil class, Environmental, Auxiliary, Analytical and Spectra) relationally linked together. The stored information allows for a wide range of analyses and for modelling developments of digital soil mapping applications. An example of partial least-square regression (PLSR) modelling for soil pH and clay content with 0.84 and 0.68 coefficients of determination is provided on the subset of the collected data. Currently, the SSL-CZ database contains more than 500 records in the first phase of development. Spectral reflectance signatures are stored in the range of 350 to 2500 nm with a step of 1 nm measured by ASD FieldSpec 3. The soil spectral library developed is fully compatible with Global Soil Spectral Library (Soil Spectroscopy Group). Keywords: diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, digital soil mapping, soil, spectral library Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 165-172 Volume: 6 Issue: 4 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/24/2011-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/24/2011-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201104-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:6:y:2011:i:4:id:24-2011-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Masoomeh DELBARI Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran Author-Name: Peyman AFRASIAB Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran Author-Name: Willibald LOISKANDL Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Hydraulics and Rural Water Management, Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria Title: Geostatistical analysis of soil texture fractions on the field scale Abstract: Geostatistical estimation methods including ordinary kriging (OK), lognormal ordinary kriging (LOK), cokriging (COK), and indicator kriging (IK) are compared for the purposes of prediction and, in particular, uncertainty assessment of the soil texture fractions, i.e. sand, silt, and clay proportions, in an erosion experimental field in Lower Austria. The soil samples were taken on 136 sites, about 30-m apart. The validation technique was cross-validation, and the comparison criteria were the mean bias error (MBE) and root mean squared error (RMSE). Statistical analysis revealed that the sand content is positively skewed, thus persuading us to use LOK for the estimation. COK was also used due to a good negative correlation seen between the texture fractions. The autocorrelation analysis showed that the soil texture fractions in the study area are strongly to moderately correlated in space. Cross-validation indicated that COK is the most accurate method for estimating the silt and clay contents; RMSE equalling to 3.17% and 1.85%, respectively. For the sand content, IK with RMSE (12%) slightly smaller than COK (RMSE = 14%) was the best estimation method. However, COK maps presented the true variability of the soil texture fractions much better than the other approaches, i.e. they achieved the smallest smoothness. Regarding the local uncertainty, the estimation variance maps produced by OK, LOK, and COK methods similarly indicated that the lowest uncertainty occurred near the data locations, and that the highest uncertainty was seen in the areas of sparse sampling. The uncertainty, however, varied much less across the study area compared to conditional variance for IK. The IK conditional variance maps showed, in contrast, some relations to the data values. The estimation uncertainty needs to be evaluated for the incorporation into the risk analysis in the soil management. Keywords: estimation uncertainty, kriging, prediction, soil texture fractions, spatial variability Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 173-189 Volume: 6 Issue: 4 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/9/2010-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/9/2010-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201104-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:6:y:2011:i:4:id:9-2010-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bhupander KUMAR Author-Workplace-Name: National Reference Trace Organics Laboratory, Central Pollution Control Board, East Arjun Nagar, Delhi-110032, India Author-Name: Sanjay KUMAR Author-Workplace-Name: National Reference Trace Organics Laboratory, Central Pollution Control Board, East Arjun Nagar, Delhi-110032, India Author-Name: Richa GAUR Author-Workplace-Name: National Reference Trace Organics Laboratory, Central Pollution Control Board, East Arjun Nagar, Delhi-110032, India Author-Name: Gargi GOEL Author-Workplace-Name: National Reference Trace Organics Laboratory, Central Pollution Control Board, East Arjun Nagar, Delhi-110032, India Author-Name: Meenu MISHRA Author-Workplace-Name: National Reference Trace Organics Laboratory, Central Pollution Control Board, East Arjun Nagar, Delhi-110032, India Author-Name: Satish Kumar SINGH Author-Workplace-Name: National Reference Trace Organics Laboratory, Central Pollution Control Board, East Arjun Nagar, Delhi-110032, India Author-Name: Dev PRAKASH Author-Workplace-Name: National Reference Trace Organics Laboratory, Central Pollution Control Board, East Arjun Nagar, Delhi-110032, India Author-Name: Chandra Sekhar SHARMA Author-Workplace-Name: National Reference Trace Organics Laboratory, Central Pollution Control Board, East Arjun Nagar, Delhi-110032, India Title: Persistent organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in intensive agricultural soils from North India Abstract: Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were determined in agricultural soils from the northern states of India. The average concentration of OCPs was 37.67 ± 0.33 ng/g (dry weight - DW) while HCHs alone accounted for 93% followed by DDT (4.27%) and endosulphan (2.51%). The α/γ ratio of HCH (< 0.01-8.64) reflects the use of technical as well as lindane formulations. The ratio of p,p'-DDT/p,p'-DDE (0.16) and o,p'-DDT/p,p'-DDT (< 0.01) indicates the contamination of soils with the past use of technical DDT. The mean concentrations of endosulphan and dieldrin were 0.95 ± 0.53 ng/g (DW)and 0.16 ± 0.07 ng/g (DW), respectively. The average concentration of PCBs was 13.44 ± 0.06 ng/g (DW). The toxic equivalency (TEQ) calculated using WHO 2005-TEFs ranged from 0.01 to 105.40 pg WHO 2005-TEQ/g (DW) with the mean of 13.78 ± 0.11 pg WHO 2005-TEQ/g (DW). PCB-105 (25%), PCB-114 (18%), and PCB-118 (18%) were the dominant congeners and accounted for 61% while a non ortho PCBs contributed only 18% to total DL-PCBs. The contamination of soils is a matter of concern but is not alarming because the observed levels were lower than those given by the Canadian soil quality guidelines. Keywords: accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), agricultural soil, organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 190-197 Volume: 6 Issue: 4 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/21/2011-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/21/2011-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201104-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:6:y:2011:i:4:id:21-2011-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: YU Lingyun Author-Workplace-Name: Technology Center of Sichuan Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Chengdu, Sichuan, China Author-Workplace-Name: Light Industry & Textile & Food Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China Author-Name: WU Mengru Author-Workplace-Name: Technology Center of Sichuan Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Chengdu, Sichuan, China Author-Name: Wei DONG Author-Workplace-Name: Technology Center of Sichuan Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Chengdu, Sichuan, China Author-Name: Jing JIN Author-Workplace-Name: Technology Center of Sichuan Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Chengdu, Sichuan, China Author-Name: Xinshen ZHANG Author-Workplace-Name: Light Industry & Textile & Food Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and the Exploitation and Protection of Mountain Rivers, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China Title: Reverse flow injection analysis of trace amounts of anionic surfactants in seawater without liquid-liquid extraction Abstract: In order to control the pollution by anionic surfactants in seawater, a simple, accurate and sensitive reverse flow injection (rFIA) spectrophotometric method for the determination of anionic surfactants in seawater is suggested in this paper. Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (LAS) was selected as the reference anionic surfactant. The method is based on the ion associate formed between LAS and Ethyl Violet. The absorbance of the complex is measured by optical detector at 585 nm. Chemical factors and rFIA variables affecting the system are also discussed. Under the optimal conditions, the linear range of this method was 25.0-400.0 μg/l; the detection limit was 2.4 μg/l; the relative standard deviation was 0.38%. This method is suitable for automatic and continuous analysis, and was successfully applied to determine the content of anionic surfactants in seawater. Keywords: anionic surfactants, reverse flow injection analysis, seawater, spectrophotometry Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 198-204 Volume: 6 Issue: 4 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/13/2011-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/13/2011-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201104-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:6:y:2011:i:4:id:13-2011-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ahmed Mohamed MAHDY Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil and Water, College of Agriculture (Elshatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt Title: Comparative effects of different soil amendments on amelioration of saline-sodic soils Abstract: A greenhouse experiment was conducted to test the potential of different soil amendments in saline-sodic soils reclamation; to affect the growth response of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) plants grown on two saline-sodic soils; and to evaluate the comparative efficiency of different soil amendments for their effects on salinity, sodicity, and pH levels of the soils. To achieve these objectives, two highly saline-sodic soils were selected (Abees, Typic torrifluvents and Elhammam, Typic calciorthids). Different soil amendments were used (compost, anthracite coal powder, water treatment residuals, ferrous sulphate, and a combination of them). The results of the study indicated that pH of Elhammam soil was less affected than pH of Abees soil after the amendment application because of the high calcium carbonate content which acted as a buffer and resisted any appreciable change in soil pH in the alkaline range. The positive effects of all treatments followed the order: T16 > T12 > T13 > T14 = T5 > T11 = T15 > T7 > T8 > T4 = T6 > T9 = T10 > T2 >T3> T1 >T0. The most effective amendment in reducing SARe in the experimental soils was T16. This was due to the presence of Al in WTRs and Fe in ferrous sulphate which enhanced the leaching process, and the presence of high adsorptive capacity materials like WTRs and compost which adsorb more sodium. The positive effects of all treatments for reducing SARe in Abees soil followed the order: T16 > T15 > T14 > T13 > T11 > T12 .While, in Elhammam soil, the order was: T16 > T15 > T14 > T13 = T11>T12 = T5. The removal sodium efficiency (RSE) or percentage of Na-removed from the soils at the end of the experiment was significantly reduced after the application of the amendments. RSE of T16 proved the highest value (76%) among the treatments for the two soils used, followed by T15 and T14. The yield of biomass at T16 significantly increased, the increase being 959% in comparison with T0 in Abees soil, while the increase in biomass yield was 1452% in comparison with T0 in Elhammam soil. However, field tests are necessary to draw the final conclusions. Keywords: amendments, plant salinity, sodicity, soil, yield Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 205-216 Volume: 6 Issue: 4 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/11/2011-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/11/2011-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201104-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:6:y:2011:i:4:id:11-2011-SWR