Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Miloslav JANEČEK Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Vít KVĚTOŇ Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Eliška KUBÁTOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Dominika KOBZOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Differentiation and regionalization of rainfall erosivity factor values in the Czech Republic Abstract: The rain erosivity R-factor is one of the main parameters in the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). This paper describes the procedure used to update, differentiate and regionalize the rainfall erosivity R-factor. For the Czech Republic it is recommended to use the average value R = 40. Keywords: rainfall, rainfall erosivity factor, water erosion Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 1-9 Volume: 7 Issue: 1 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/2/2011-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2/2011-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201201-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:7:y:2012:i:1:id:2-2011-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Saowanee WIJITKOSUM Author-Workplace-Name: Environmental Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand Title: Impacts of land use changes on soil erosion in Pa Deng sub-district, adjacent area of Kaeng Krachan National Park, Thailand Abstract: Soil erosion has been considered as the primary cause of soil degradation since soil erosion leads to the loss of topsoil and soil organic matters which are essential for the growing of plants. Land use, which relates to land cover, is one of the influential factors that affect soil erosion. In this study, impacts of land use changes on soil erosion in Pa Deng sub-district, adjacent area of Kaeng Krachan National Park, Thailand, were investigated by applying remote sensing technique, geographical information system (GIS) and the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). The study results revealed that land use changes in terms of area size and pattern influenced the soil erosion risk in Pa Deng in the 1990-2010 period. The area with smaller land cover obviously showed the high risk of soil erosion than the larger land cover did. Keywords: land cover, land use changes, soil erosion, Universal Soil Loss Equation Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 10-17 Volume: 7 Issue: 1 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/32/2011-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/32/2011-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201201-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:7:y:2012:i:1:id:32-2011-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Christopher Oluwakunmi AKINBILE Author-Workplace-Name: School of Civil Engineering, University Sains Malaysia (USM), Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Title: Environmental impact of landfill on groundwater quality and agricultural soils in Nigeria Abstract: Physical, chemical and bacteriological analyses were carried out of water samples from three boreholes located near a landfill, and or soil samples at Akure, Nigeria, to ascertain the effect of the dumpsite on the groundwater and soil quality. The samples from borehole locations with radial distances of 50, 80, and 100 m, respectively, away from the landfill and twelve soil samples collected at distances 0 (dump centre), 10, 20, and 30 m away from the refuse dump were analysed. The parameters determined were the turbidity, temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (TH), total iron, nitrate, nitrite, chloride, calcium and heavy metals like copper, zinc, and lead. Most of these parameters indicated pollution but were below the World Health Organization (WHO) limits for consumption. The pH ranged from 5.7 to 6.8 indicating toxic pollution, the turbidity values were between 1.6 and 6.6 NTU, and the temperature ranged from 26.5°C to 27.5°C. The concentrations of iron, nitrate, nitrite and calcium ranged from 0.9 to 1.4, 30 to 61, 0.7 to 0.9, and 17 to 122 mg/l, respectively. Out of heavy metals, zinc ranged between 3.3 and 5.4 mg/l and lead ranged from 1.1 to 1.2 mg/l. Soil water holding capacity, porosity, pH, organic matter, organic carbon and organic nitrogen ranged from 38 to 54, 44 to 48, 6.9-7.5, 2.44-4.27, 1.42-2.48, and 0.12-0.21%, respectively. Statistical analyses indicated significant differences at 95% level. The results showed that all the boreholes were not strongly polluted but require treatment before use while the soil is absolutely unsuitable for the crop production. Re-designing of sanitary landfills to prevent leachate from getting to the water table, adoption of clean technology for recycling greenhouse gases and a sustainable land management programme for reclamation are recommended. Keywords: chemical land use, parameters, pollution, wastes, water Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 18-26 Volume: 7 Issue: 1 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/4/2011-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4/2011-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201201-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:7:y:2012:i:1:id:4-2011-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E. Pip Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biology, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Author-Name: A. Reinisch Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biology, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Title: Stream water quality associated with a livestock/poultry production operation in Southeastern Manitoba, Canada Abstract: Water quality was examined in two parallel streams in southeastern Manitoba that enclosed a small hog and poultry operation with associated waste lagoons and manure spread fields. Nitrate-N (NN), molybdenum reactive phosphorus (MRP), dissolved organic matter index (DOMI), chloride, total alkalinity, total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), pH, temperature, and total (TC) and fecal (FC) coliform bacterial counts were measured at weekly intervals during the ice-free season at two upstream and two downstream sites relative to the operation. Significantly higher values downstream compared to upstream were observed for MRP, TSS, TDS, chloride, and to some extent NN, indicating the escape of these materials into the adjacent streams. TC were correlated with the rainfall, water temperature, TDS, and pH at all sites. However, TC were also correlated with TSS, MRP, and DOMI only at the downstream sites, while NN was correlated more strongly downstream than upstream. FC were correlated with water temperature and NN at all sites, as well as with TSS and MRP downstream only. Downstream FC/TC ratios increased with increasing rainfall, indicating proportionately greater escape of FC compared to TC under higher runoff conditions. The results suggested that environmental loading of livestock waste adversely altered natural stream water quality dynamics, underlining the need for improved management practices, including the timing of manure spreading during drier weather conditions to minimise the large-scale escape events. Keywords: coliform bacteria, livestock, nitrogen, phosphorus, stream water quality Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 27-35 Volume: 7 Issue: 1 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/18/2011-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/18/2011-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201201-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:7:y:2012:i:1:id:18-2011-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sabri KANZARI Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Environmental Risk Management in Irrigated Agriculture, National Institute for Research in Rural Engineering, Waters and Forests of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Hydraulic and Environment of Modelling, National Engineering School of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia Author-Name: Mohamed HACHICHA Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Environmental Risk Management in Irrigated Agriculture, National Institute for Research in Rural Engineering, Waters and Forests of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia Author-Name: Rachida BOUHLILA Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Hydraulic and Environment of Modelling, National Engineering School of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia Author-Name: Jorge BATTLE-SALES Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain Title: Simulation of water and salts dynamics in Bouhajla (Central Tunisia): exceptional rainfall effect Abstract: Arid and semi-arid regions face the risk of soils and aquifers salinization. Rainy events are rare which is characteristic of these regions. They play a significant role in the leaching of salts from topsoil to deeper layers, which increases the risk of aquifers salinization. For this reason, a plot was selected in the semi-arid region of Bou Hajla (Central Tunisia). The simulation of water and salts dynamics was carried out by Hydrus-1D. Model calibration was realised on a flood irrigation experiment during 10 days and in a depth of 4 m. The hydrodynamic parameters were determined by inverse modelling. Model validation was performed successfully during 577 days. The simulation of water and salts dynamics has allowed the analysis of two scenarios: (i) the effect of a very rainy event (> 50mm/day) on the dynamics of salts. This type of event allows leaching of the accumulated salts in the topsoil which promotes their burial in the depth; (ii) the long-term evolution of the saline profile in 20 years showed the cyclical nature of salts leaching in the topsoil, the permanent accumulation of salts in the depth of around 2 m, and a continuous leaching in the deeper layers (around 4 m), which may increase groundwater contamination risk. Keywords: aquifer, Central Tunisia, Hydrus-1D, rainfall, salinization, soil Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 36-44 Volume: 7 Issue: 1 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/17/2011-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/17/2011-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201201-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:7:y:2012:i:1:id:17-2011-SWR