Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pavel KOVÁŘ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Land Use and Improvement, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Darina VAŠŠOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Land Use and Improvement, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Miloslav JANEČEK Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Land Use and Improvement, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Surface runoff simulation to mitigate the impact of soil erosion, case study of Třebsín (Czech Republic) Abstract: The relation between soil erosion and its redistribution on land strictly depends on the process of surface runoff formation during intensive rainfall. Therefore, interrupting and reducing continuous surface runoff, using adequate conservation measures, may be implemented in order to reduce the shear stress of flowing water. This paper describes the outcomes of the KINFIL model simulation in assessing the runoff from extreme rainfall on hill slopes. The model is a physically based and parameter distributed 3D model that was applied at the Třebsín experimental station in the Czech Republic. This model was used for the first time to simulate the impact of surface runoff caused by natural or sprinkler-made intensive rains on four of the seven different experimental plots. The plots involved in the analysis contain a variety of soils which are covered with different field crops. At this stage, the model parameters comprise saturated hydraulic conductivity, field capacity, sorptivity, plot geometry and surface roughness reflecting the Třebsín experimental plots. These parameters were verified on observed data. All seven plots had the same slope angle, but two of them were vulnerable to surface runoff due to their soil hydraulic parameters. There were rapidly increasing depths and velocities which consequently caused a higher shear stress for splashing soil particles downstream. The paper provides further information and data concerning the relationships between the depth of water and its velocity on the slopes of certain roughness. It also provides information concerning shear stress and shear velocity values, compared with their critical values depending on the soil particle distribution. This approach is more physically based than the traditional method of Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). Keywords: hydrological model, shear stress, shear velocity, soil loss Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 85-96 Volume: 7 Issue: 3 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/50/2011-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/50/2011-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201203-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:7:y:2012:i:3:id:50-2011-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Václav KADLEC Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Ondřej HOLUBÍK Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Eva PROCHÁZKOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jana URBANOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Martin TIPPL Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Soil organic carbon dynamics and its influence on the soil erodibility factor Abstract: The effect of erosion and erosion control measures on changes in the amount of organic matter in soil was studied. We investigated the influence of organic matter inputs into the soil on surface runoff, soil erosion and soil erodibility (K-factor), including the monitoring of carbon dynamics, as a result of torrential rains. The research was conducted on experimental plots in Třebsín site. Erosion leads to soil carbon loss and subsequently to increasing concentrations of carbon in sediments (enrichment ratio). We can conclude from the results that the input of organic matter into the soil (especially farmyard manure) significantly contributes to a decrease in surface runoff and soil loss and also to a reduction of carbon leaching into sediments; so it contributes to carbon sequestration into the soil. Keywords: agrotechnical erosion control measures, soil erodibility factor, soil erosion, soil organic carbon Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 97-108 Volume: 7 Issue: 3 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/3/2012-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3/2012-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201203-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:7:y:2012:i:3:id:3-2012-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hiromasa KIYOTA Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Bioscience & Biotechnology for Future Bioindustry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan Author-Name: Shinji OTSUKA Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan Author-Workplace-Name: Asahi Breweries, Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan Author-Name: Akihito YOKOYAMA Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan Author-Workplace-Name: Kirin Brewery Co., Ltd., Urayasu, Chiba, Japan Author-Name: Satoshi MATSUMOTO Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan Author-Workplace-Name: Japan Soil Association, Tokyo, Japan Author-Name: Hidenori WADA Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan Author-Name: Shinjiro KANAZAWA Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan Author-Workplace-Name: University Farm, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan Title: Effects of highly volatile organochlorine solvents on nitrogen metabolism and microbial counts Abstract: The effects of highly volatile organochlorine solvents (1,1,1-trichloroethane, TCET; trichloroethylene, TCE; and tetrachloroethylene, PCE) on soil nitrogen cycle and microbial counts were investigated using volcanic ash soil with different fertilizations. All the solvents significantly inhibited the activity of the cycle under the sealed conditions with 10 to 50 mg/g (dry soil) solvents added. No significant difference between the solvents, and between fertilization plots, was observed. Nitrate ion was not accumulated, and instead, ammonium ion was highly accumulated in the presence of the solvents. Nitrite ion was partially detected, while l-glutaminase activity was inhibited. The growths of ammonification, nitritation, nitratation and denitrification bacteria, and filamentous fungi were significantly inhibited in the presence of 10 mg/g (dry soil) of the solvents. Keywords: microbial counts, soil nitrogen cycle, tetrachloroethylene, 1, 1-trichloroethane, trichloroethylene Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 109-116 Volume: 7 Issue: 3 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/30/2011-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/30/2011-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201203-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:7:y:2012:i:3:id:30-2011-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mohammad Abdul Momin SIDDIQUE Author-Workplace-Name: Norwegian College of Fishery Science, University of Tromso, Tromso, Norway Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Marine Science and Fisheries, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh Author-Name: Mahbuba AKTAR Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Marine Science and Fisheries, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh Title: Heavy metals in salt marsh sediments of Porteresia bed along the Karnafully river coast, Chittagong Abstract: Heavy metal (Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb and Fe) concentrations in salt marsh sediments of the Karnafully River coast were investigated in this study. Sediment samples of four different sites were analysed for selected heavy metals by AAS (atomic absorption spectrophotometry). The mean values of heavy metals were 45.79 µg/g for Cu, 105.0 µg/g for Zn, 0.43 µg/g for Cd, 26.70 µg/g for Pb and 3297.38 µg/g for Fe in this study. It is observed that Pb and Cu have positive correlations (r = 0.370, P < 0.05) and Fe and Zn have negative correlations (r = -0.729, P < 0.05) in the correlation matrix. Except Fe, all the metals were found at contamination levels which may indicate a recent and continuous contamination from domestic and industrial discharges. The results of sediment samples showed that the Karnafully River coast is facing heavy metal pollution. Keywords: Bangladesh, heavy metals, Karnafully River coast, Porteresia bed Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 117-123 Volume: 7 Issue: 3 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/7/2012-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7/2012-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201203-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:7:y:2012:i:3:id:7-2012-SWR